Current therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke fall short of the desired objective of neurological functional recovery.Therefore,there is an urgent need to develop new methods for the treatment of this condition.E...Current therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke fall short of the desired objective of neurological functional recovery.Therefore,there is an urgent need to develop new methods for the treatment of this condition.Exosomes are natural cell-derived vesicles that mediate signal transduction between cells under physiological and pathological conditions.They have low immunogenicity,good stability,high delivery efficiency,and the ability to cross the blood–brain barrier.These physiological properties of exosomes have the potential to lead to new breakthroughs in the treatment of ischemic stroke.The rapid development of nanotechnology has advanced the application of engineered exosomes,which can effectively improve targeting ability,enhance therapeutic efficacy,and minimize the dosages needed.Advances in technology have also driven clinical translational research on exosomes.In this review,we describe the therapeutic effects of exosomes and their positive roles in current treatment strategies for ischemic stroke,including their antiinflammation,anti-apoptosis,autophagy-regulation,angiogenesis,neurogenesis,and glial scar formation reduction effects.However,it is worth noting that,despite their significant therapeutic potential,there remains a dearth of standardized characterization methods and efficient isolation techniques capable of producing highly purified exosomes.Future optimization strategies should prioritize the exploration of suitable isolation techniques and the establishment of unified workflows to effectively harness exosomes for diagnostic or therapeutic applications in ischemic stroke.Ultimately,our review aims to summarize our understanding of exosome-based treatment prospects in ischemic stroke and foster innovative ideas for the development of exosome-based therapies.展开更多
Ischemic stroke is a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide,with limited treatment options available in clinical practice.The emergence of stem cell therapy has provided new hope to the field of stroke trea...Ischemic stroke is a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide,with limited treatment options available in clinical practice.The emergence of stem cell therapy has provided new hope to the field of stroke treatment via the restoration of brain neuron function.Exogenous neural stem cells are beneficial not only in cell replacement but also through the bystander effect.Neural stem cells regulate multiple physiological responses,including nerve repair,endogenous regeneration,immune function,and blood-brain barrier permeability,through the secretion of bioactive substances,including extracellular vesicles/exosomes.However,due to the complex microenvironment of ischemic cerebrovascular events and the low survival rate of neural stem cells following transplantation,limitations in the treatment effect remain unresolved.In this paper,we provide a detailed summary of the potential mechanisms of neural stem cell therapy for the treatment of ischemic stroke,review current neural stem cell therapeutic strategies and clinical trial results,and summarize the latest advancements in neural stem cell engineering to improve the survival rate of neural stem cells.We hope that this review could help provide insight into the therapeutic potential of neural stem cells and guide future scientific endeavors on neural stem cells.展开更多
With the explosive development of artificial intelligence(AI),machine learning(ML),and high-performance comput-ing(HPC),the ever-growing data movement is asking for high density interconnects with higher bandwidth(BW)...With the explosive development of artificial intelligence(AI),machine learning(ML),and high-performance comput-ing(HPC),the ever-growing data movement is asking for high density interconnects with higher bandwidth(BW),lower power and lower latency[1−3].The optical I/O leverages silicon photonic(SiPh)technology to enable high-density large-scale integrated photonics.展开更多
Pelvic fractures are often caused by high-energy injuries and accompanied by hemodynamic instability.Traditional open surgery has a large amount of bleeding,which is not suitable for patients with acute pelvic fractur...Pelvic fractures are often caused by high-energy injuries and accompanied by hemodynamic instability.Traditional open surgery has a large amount of bleeding,which is not suitable for patients with acute pelvic fracture.Navigationguided,percutaneous puncture-screw implantation has gradually become a preferred procedure due to its advantages,which include less trauma,faster recovery times,and less bleeding.However,due to the complexity of pelvic anatomy,doctors often encounter some problems when using navigation to treat pelvic fractures.This article reviews the indications,contraindications,surgical procedures,and related complications of this procedure for the treatment of sacral fractures,sacroiliac joint injuries,pelvic ring injuries,and acetabular fractures.We also analyze the causes of inaccurate screw placement.Percutaneous screw placement under navigational guidance has the advantages of high accuracy,low incidence of complications and small soft-tissue damage,minimal blood loss,short hospital stays,and quick recovery.There is no difference in the incidence of complications between surgeries performed by new doctors and experienced ones.However,computer navigation technology requires extensive training,and attention should be given to avoid complications such as screw misplacement,intestinal injury,and serious blood vessel and nerve injuries caused by navigational drift.展开更多
A possible mechanism for boosting the visible-light photoactivities of graphitic carbon nitride(g-C3N4)nanosheets for CO2 reduction via coupling with the electron donor Co-metal-organic framework(MOF)is proposed in th...A possible mechanism for boosting the visible-light photoactivities of graphitic carbon nitride(g-C3N4)nanosheets for CO2 reduction via coupling with the electron donor Co-metal-organic framework(MOF)is proposed in this study.Specifically,Co-MOF as an electron donor is capable of transferring the photogenerated electrons in the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO)to the conduction band of g-C3N4 to facilitate charge separation.As expected,the prepared Co-MOF/g-C3N4 nanocomposites display excellent visible-light-driven photocatalytic CO2 reduction activities.The CO production rate of 6.75μmol g–1 h–1 and CH4 evolution rate of 5.47μmol g–1 h–1 are obtained,which are approximately 2 times those obtained with the original g-C3N4 under the same conditions.Based on a series of analyses,it is shown that the introduction of Co-MOF not only broadens the range of visible-light absorption but also enhances the charge separation,which improves the photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4 to a higher level.In particular,the hydroxyl radical(·OH)experiment was operated under 590 nm(single-wavelength)irradiation,which further proved that the photogenerated electrons in the LUMO of Co-MOF can successfully migrate to g-C3N4.This work may provide an important strategy for the design of highly efficient g-C3N4-based photocatalysts for CO2 reduction.展开更多
It is essential to prepare highly-efficiency reproducible adsorbent for purifying industrial dye wastewater. In this work, biscuit with a layered porous structure as a template is applied to prepare a photocatalytic r...It is essential to prepare highly-efficiency reproducible adsorbent for purifying industrial dye wastewater. In this work, biscuit with a layered porous structure as a template is applied to prepare a photocatalytic recyclable adsorbent of BiFeO3/Carbon nanocomposites for purifying simulative industrial dye wastewater. It is found that the structure of the prepared BiFeO3/Carbon nanocomposite is related to the natural structure of the biscuit, annealing temperatures and immersing times, demonstrated by XRD, TEM, UV-Vis and adsorptive activities. Kinetics data shows that the adsorption rate of the adsorbent to the dye is rapid and fitted well with the pseudo-second-order model, that more than 80% of dyes can be removed in the beginning 30 min. The adsorption isotherm can be perfectly described by the Langmuir model as well. It can be seen from the adsorption data that the adsorption performance can reach over 90% at pH ? 2–12, which can imply its universal utilization. The prepared BiFeO_3/Carbon nanocomposites have also displayed excellent capacities(over 90% within 30 min) for adsorption of seven different dyes and their mixed one. According to the five times photocatalytic reproducible experiments, it is proved that BiFeO_3/Carbon nanocomposites show the excellent stability and reproduction for purifying simulative industrial dyes, even the sample have been placed for one year. These research results indicate that the adsorbent BiFeO_3/Carbon can be a suitable material used in treating industrial dye wastewater potentially.展开更多
One of the most general methods to enhance the separation of photogenerated carriers for g‐C3N4is to construct a suitable heterojunctional composite,according to the principle of matching energy levels.The interface ...One of the most general methods to enhance the separation of photogenerated carriers for g‐C3N4is to construct a suitable heterojunctional composite,according to the principle of matching energy levels.The interface contact in the fabricated nanocomposite greatly influences the charge transfer and separation so as to determine the final photocatalytic activities.However,the role of interface contact is often neglected,and is rarely reported to date.Hence,it is possible to further enhance the photocatalytic activity of g‐C3N4‐based nanocomposite by improving the interfacial connection.Herein,phosphate-oxygen(P-O)bridged TiO2/g‐C3N4nanocomposites were successfully synthesized using a simple wet chemical method,and the effects of the P-O functional bridges on the photogenerated charge separation and photocatalytic activity for pollutant degradation and CO2reduction were investigated.The photocatalytic activity of g‐C3N4was greatly improved upon coupling with an appropriate amount of nanocrystalline TiO2,especially with P-O bridged TiO2.Atmosphere‐controlled steady‐state surface photovoltage spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy analyses revealed clearly the enhancement of photogenerated charge separation of g‐C3N4upon coupling with the P-O bridged TiO2,resulting from the built P-O bridges between TiO2and g‐C3N4so as to promote effective transfer of excited electrons from g‐C3N4to TiO2.This enhancement was responsible for the improved photoactivity of the P-O bridged TiO2/g‐C3N4nanocomposite,which exhibited three‐time photocatalytic activity enhancement for2,4‐dichlorophenol degradation and CO2reduction compared with bare g‐C3N4.Furthermore,radical‐trapping experiments revealed that the·OH species formed as hole‐modulated direct intermediates dominated the photocatalytic degradation of2,4‐dichlorophenol.This work provides a feasible strategy for the design and synthesis of high‐performance g‐C3N4‐based nanocomposite photocatalysts for pollutant degradation and CO2reduction.展开更多
A controller which is locally optimal near the origin and globally inverse optimal for the nonlinear system is proposed for path following of over actuated marine crafts with actuator dynamics. The motivation is the e...A controller which is locally optimal near the origin and globally inverse optimal for the nonlinear system is proposed for path following of over actuated marine crafts with actuator dynamics. The motivation is the existence of undesired signals sent to the actuators, which can result in bad behavior in path following. To attenuate the oscillation of the control signal and obtain smooth thrust outputs, the actuator dynamics are added into the ship maneuvering model. Instead of modifying the Line-of-Sight (LOS) guidance law, this proposed controller can easily adjust the vessel speed to minimize the large cross-track error caused by the high vessel speed when it is turning. Numerical simulations demonstrate the validity of this proposed controller.展开更多
BACKGROUND Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula(SDAVF)is an extremely rare vascular malformation of the central nervous system that is often confused with degenerative spinal disorders due to similar early symptoms and ...BACKGROUND Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula(SDAVF)is an extremely rare vascular malformation of the central nervous system that is often confused with degenerative spinal disorders due to similar early symptoms and clinical features.Here,we report a case of SDAVF recurrence 8 years after lumbar spine surgery and summarize relevant literature.CASE SUMMARY A 54-year-old male was admitted to our hospital complaining of lower back pain,numbness in both lower extremities and intermittent claudication.Subsequent imaging identified lumbar spinal stenosis.Following surgical treatment,the patient’s symptoms significantly resolved,and he was able to perform daily activities.However,similar symptoms appeared 8 years later,followed by confirmation of SDAVF diagnosis.The patient underwent neurosurgery 7 mo after symptom onset.The follow-up period lasted 14 mo,and the patient remains with marginal neurological symptoms.CONCLUSION This case highlights the importance of prompt SDAVF diagnosis.Due to its nonspecific clinical presentation,the clinical experience of the surgeon and definitive imaging examination are indispensable.Additionally,timely neurosurgery is effective and may significantly improve patient outcomes.展开更多
Chemical investigation of Syringa velutina Kom. led to the isolation of two new secoiridoid glucosides. Their structures were identified as 6＇-O-（6, 7-dihyrofoliamenthoyl）-8-epi-longisidic acid （syrveoside A, 1） ...Chemical investigation of Syringa velutina Kom. led to the isolation of two new secoiridoid glucosides. Their structures were identified as 6＇-O-（6, 7-dihyrofoliamenthoyl）-8-epi-longisidic acid （syrveoside A, 1） and 6＇-O-menthiafoloyl-8-epi-ldngisidic acid （syrveoside B, 2） on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82071291(to YY),82301464(to HM)the Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University,No.2022JBGS03(to YY)+2 种基金a grant from Department of Science and Technology of Jilin Province,Nos.YDZJ202302CXJD061(to YY),20220303002SF(to YY)a grant from Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory,No.YDZJ202302CXJD017(to YY)Talent Reserve Program of First Hospital of Jilin University,No.JDYYCB-2023002(to ZNG)。
文摘Current therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke fall short of the desired objective of neurological functional recovery.Therefore,there is an urgent need to develop new methods for the treatment of this condition.Exosomes are natural cell-derived vesicles that mediate signal transduction between cells under physiological and pathological conditions.They have low immunogenicity,good stability,high delivery efficiency,and the ability to cross the blood–brain barrier.These physiological properties of exosomes have the potential to lead to new breakthroughs in the treatment of ischemic stroke.The rapid development of nanotechnology has advanced the application of engineered exosomes,which can effectively improve targeting ability,enhance therapeutic efficacy,and minimize the dosages needed.Advances in technology have also driven clinical translational research on exosomes.In this review,we describe the therapeutic effects of exosomes and their positive roles in current treatment strategies for ischemic stroke,including their antiinflammation,anti-apoptosis,autophagy-regulation,angiogenesis,neurogenesis,and glial scar formation reduction effects.However,it is worth noting that,despite their significant therapeutic potential,there remains a dearth of standardized characterization methods and efficient isolation techniques capable of producing highly purified exosomes.Future optimization strategies should prioritize the exploration of suitable isolation techniques and the establishment of unified workflows to effectively harness exosomes for diagnostic or therapeutic applications in ischemic stroke.Ultimately,our review aims to summarize our understanding of exosome-based treatment prospects in ischemic stroke and foster innovative ideas for the development of exosome-based therapies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81971105(to ZNG)the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province,No.YDZJ202201ZYTS677(to ZNG)+3 种基金Talent Reserve Program of the First Hospital of Jilin University,No.JDYYCB-2023002(to ZNG)the Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University,No.2022JBGS03(to YY)Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province,Nos.YDZJ202302CXJD061,20220303002SF(to YY)Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory,No.YDZJ202302CXJD017(to YY).
文摘Ischemic stroke is a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide,with limited treatment options available in clinical practice.The emergence of stem cell therapy has provided new hope to the field of stroke treatment via the restoration of brain neuron function.Exogenous neural stem cells are beneficial not only in cell replacement but also through the bystander effect.Neural stem cells regulate multiple physiological responses,including nerve repair,endogenous regeneration,immune function,and blood-brain barrier permeability,through the secretion of bioactive substances,including extracellular vesicles/exosomes.However,due to the complex microenvironment of ischemic cerebrovascular events and the low survival rate of neural stem cells following transplantation,limitations in the treatment effect remain unresolved.In this paper,we provide a detailed summary of the potential mechanisms of neural stem cell therapy for the treatment of ischemic stroke,review current neural stem cell therapeutic strategies and clinical trial results,and summarize the latest advancements in neural stem cell engineering to improve the survival rate of neural stem cells.We hope that this review could help provide insight into the therapeutic potential of neural stem cells and guide future scientific endeavors on neural stem cells.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61925505,92373209 and 62235017).
文摘With the explosive development of artificial intelligence(AI),machine learning(ML),and high-performance comput-ing(HPC),the ever-growing data movement is asking for high density interconnects with higher bandwidth(BW),lower power and lower latency[1−3].The optical I/O leverages silicon photonic(SiPh)technology to enable high-density large-scale integrated photonics.
文摘Pelvic fractures are often caused by high-energy injuries and accompanied by hemodynamic instability.Traditional open surgery has a large amount of bleeding,which is not suitable for patients with acute pelvic fracture.Navigationguided,percutaneous puncture-screw implantation has gradually become a preferred procedure due to its advantages,which include less trauma,faster recovery times,and less bleeding.However,due to the complexity of pelvic anatomy,doctors often encounter some problems when using navigation to treat pelvic fractures.This article reviews the indications,contraindications,surgical procedures,and related complications of this procedure for the treatment of sacral fractures,sacroiliac joint injuries,pelvic ring injuries,and acetabular fractures.We also analyze the causes of inaccurate screw placement.Percutaneous screw placement under navigational guidance has the advantages of high accuracy,low incidence of complications and small soft-tissue damage,minimal blood loss,short hospital stays,and quick recovery.There is no difference in the incidence of complications between surgeries performed by new doctors and experienced ones.However,computer navigation technology requires extensive training,and attention should be given to avoid complications such as screw misplacement,intestinal injury,and serious blood vessel and nerve injuries caused by navigational drift.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21871079,21501052)the Outstanding Youth Project of Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(YQ2019B006)~~
文摘A possible mechanism for boosting the visible-light photoactivities of graphitic carbon nitride(g-C3N4)nanosheets for CO2 reduction via coupling with the electron donor Co-metal-organic framework(MOF)is proposed in this study.Specifically,Co-MOF as an electron donor is capable of transferring the photogenerated electrons in the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO)to the conduction band of g-C3N4 to facilitate charge separation.As expected,the prepared Co-MOF/g-C3N4 nanocomposites display excellent visible-light-driven photocatalytic CO2 reduction activities.The CO production rate of 6.75μmol g–1 h–1 and CH4 evolution rate of 5.47μmol g–1 h–1 are obtained,which are approximately 2 times those obtained with the original g-C3N4 under the same conditions.Based on a series of analyses,it is shown that the introduction of Co-MOF not only broadens the range of visible-light absorption but also enhances the charge separation,which improves the photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4 to a higher level.In particular,the hydroxyl radical(·OH)experiment was operated under 590 nm(single-wavelength)irradiation,which further proved that the photogenerated electrons in the LUMO of Co-MOF can successfully migrate to g-C3N4.This work may provide an important strategy for the design of highly efficient g-C3N4-based photocatalysts for CO2 reduction.
基金financial support from the NSFC project(21501052 and 91622119)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2015M570304)+2 种基金Special Funding for Postdoctoral of Heilongjiang Province(LBH-TZ06019)the Science Foundation for Excellent Youth of Harbin City of China(2016RQQXJ099)UNPYSCT-2016173
文摘It is essential to prepare highly-efficiency reproducible adsorbent for purifying industrial dye wastewater. In this work, biscuit with a layered porous structure as a template is applied to prepare a photocatalytic recyclable adsorbent of BiFeO3/Carbon nanocomposites for purifying simulative industrial dye wastewater. It is found that the structure of the prepared BiFeO3/Carbon nanocomposite is related to the natural structure of the biscuit, annealing temperatures and immersing times, demonstrated by XRD, TEM, UV-Vis and adsorptive activities. Kinetics data shows that the adsorption rate of the adsorbent to the dye is rapid and fitted well with the pseudo-second-order model, that more than 80% of dyes can be removed in the beginning 30 min. The adsorption isotherm can be perfectly described by the Langmuir model as well. It can be seen from the adsorption data that the adsorption performance can reach over 90% at pH ? 2–12, which can imply its universal utilization. The prepared BiFeO_3/Carbon nanocomposites have also displayed excellent capacities(over 90% within 30 min) for adsorption of seven different dyes and their mixed one. According to the five times photocatalytic reproducible experiments, it is proved that BiFeO_3/Carbon nanocomposites show the excellent stability and reproduction for purifying simulative industrial dyes, even the sample have been placed for one year. These research results indicate that the adsorbent BiFeO_3/Carbon can be a suitable material used in treating industrial dye wastewater potentially.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1401245,91622119)the Program for Innovative Research Team in Chinese Universities(IRT1237)+1 种基金the Research Project of Chinese Ministry of Education(213011A)the Science Foundation for Excellent Youth of Harbin City of China(2014RFYXJ002)~~
文摘One of the most general methods to enhance the separation of photogenerated carriers for g‐C3N4is to construct a suitable heterojunctional composite,according to the principle of matching energy levels.The interface contact in the fabricated nanocomposite greatly influences the charge transfer and separation so as to determine the final photocatalytic activities.However,the role of interface contact is often neglected,and is rarely reported to date.Hence,it is possible to further enhance the photocatalytic activity of g‐C3N4‐based nanocomposite by improving the interfacial connection.Herein,phosphate-oxygen(P-O)bridged TiO2/g‐C3N4nanocomposites were successfully synthesized using a simple wet chemical method,and the effects of the P-O functional bridges on the photogenerated charge separation and photocatalytic activity for pollutant degradation and CO2reduction were investigated.The photocatalytic activity of g‐C3N4was greatly improved upon coupling with an appropriate amount of nanocrystalline TiO2,especially with P-O bridged TiO2.Atmosphere‐controlled steady‐state surface photovoltage spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy analyses revealed clearly the enhancement of photogenerated charge separation of g‐C3N4upon coupling with the P-O bridged TiO2,resulting from the built P-O bridges between TiO2and g‐C3N4so as to promote effective transfer of excited electrons from g‐C3N4to TiO2.This enhancement was responsible for the improved photoactivity of the P-O bridged TiO2/g‐C3N4nanocomposite,which exhibited three‐time photocatalytic activity enhancement for2,4‐dichlorophenol degradation and CO2reduction compared with bare g‐C3N4.Furthermore,radical‐trapping experiments revealed that the·OH species formed as hole‐modulated direct intermediates dominated the photocatalytic degradation of2,4‐dichlorophenol.This work provides a feasible strategy for the design and synthesis of high‐performance g‐C3N4‐based nanocomposite photocatalysts for pollutant degradation and CO2reduction.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 61301279, 51479158 and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No. WUT: 163102006
文摘A controller which is locally optimal near the origin and globally inverse optimal for the nonlinear system is proposed for path following of over actuated marine crafts with actuator dynamics. The motivation is the existence of undesired signals sent to the actuators, which can result in bad behavior in path following. To attenuate the oscillation of the control signal and obtain smooth thrust outputs, the actuator dynamics are added into the ship maneuvering model. Instead of modifying the Line-of-Sight (LOS) guidance law, this proposed controller can easily adjust the vessel speed to minimize the large cross-track error caused by the high vessel speed when it is turning. Numerical simulations demonstrate the validity of this proposed controller.
文摘BACKGROUND Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula(SDAVF)is an extremely rare vascular malformation of the central nervous system that is often confused with degenerative spinal disorders due to similar early symptoms and clinical features.Here,we report a case of SDAVF recurrence 8 years after lumbar spine surgery and summarize relevant literature.CASE SUMMARY A 54-year-old male was admitted to our hospital complaining of lower back pain,numbness in both lower extremities and intermittent claudication.Subsequent imaging identified lumbar spinal stenosis.Following surgical treatment,the patient’s symptoms significantly resolved,and he was able to perform daily activities.However,similar symptoms appeared 8 years later,followed by confirmation of SDAVF diagnosis.The patient underwent neurosurgery 7 mo after symptom onset.The follow-up period lasted 14 mo,and the patient remains with marginal neurological symptoms.CONCLUSION This case highlights the importance of prompt SDAVF diagnosis.Due to its nonspecific clinical presentation,the clinical experience of the surgeon and definitive imaging examination are indispensable.Additionally,timely neurosurgery is effective and may significantly improve patient outcomes.
基金supported by the National Key Project of Scientific and Technical Supporting Programs fundedby Ministry of Science & Technology of China(No.2006BAD31B05)
文摘Chemical investigation of Syringa velutina Kom. led to the isolation of two new secoiridoid glucosides. Their structures were identified as 6＇-O-（6, 7-dihyrofoliamenthoyl）-8-epi-longisidic acid （syrveoside A, 1） and 6＇-O-menthiafoloyl-8-epi-ldngisidic acid （syrveoside B, 2） on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence.
