单细胞RNA测序技术在肺癌肿瘤微环境研究中的进展

免疫微环境对肿瘤的发生发展起着关键作用。近年来,随着高通量测序技术的飞速发展,研究人员对肿瘤微环境中的免疫细胞组成及其功能有了更深入的了解。然而,传统的群体测序技术难以解析单个细胞层面的异质性,限制了对肿瘤微环境复杂性的全面理解。单细胞RNA测序技术的兴起,为揭示肺癌免疫微环境的异质性带来了新的机遇。当前以T细胞为中心的免疫治疗在临床中容易出现免疫原性耐药或者免疫相关性肺炎等影响预后的副作用,其关键因素是肿瘤微环境中免疫细胞与肿瘤细胞的相互作用发生了变化。而单细胞RNA测序技术可以从细胞间互作、拟时序分析等角度揭示肿瘤微环境中不同亚群间的起源与作用,进而发现新的细胞亚群或新生生物标志物,为揭示免疫治疗的耐药及疗效监测等提供新的途径。该综述系统回顾了单细胞RNA测序技术在揭示肺癌特别是免疫治疗后肺癌微环境异质性方面的最新研究进展,为促进肺癌免疫治疗的精准化与个体化提供参考。

miR-135b: An emerging player in cardio-cerebrovascular diseases

miR-135 is a highly conserved miRNA in mammals and includes miR-135a and miR-135b.Recent studies have shown that miR-135b is a key regulatory factor in cardio-cerebrovascular diseases.It is involved in regulating the pathological process of myocardial infarction,myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury,cardiac hypertrophy,atrial fibrillation,diabetic cardiomyopathy,atherosclerosis,pulmonary hyperten-sion,cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury,Parkinson's disease,and Alzheimer's disease.Obviously,miR-135b is an emerging player in cardio-cerebrovascular diseases and is expected to be an important target for the treatment of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases.However,the crucial role of miR-135b in cardio-cerebrovascular diseases and its underlying mechanism of action has not been reviewed.Therefore,in this review,we aimed to comprehensively summarize the role of miR-135b and the signaling pathway mediated by miR-135b in cardio-cerebrovascular diseases.Drugs targeting miR-135b for the treatment of diseases and related patents,highlighting the importance of this target and its utility as a therapeutic target for cardio-cerebrovascular diseases,have been discussed.

METTL3介导m6A修饰长链非编码RNA THAP7-AS1表达上调促进肺癌发生的作用及机制研究

背景与目的肺癌是对人类健康的一大威胁,有关肺癌发生发展的分子机制复杂且知之尚少,探索与肺癌发展相关的分子标志物有利于提高早期诊断和治疗的效果。长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)THAP7-AS1已知在胃癌中高表达,但在其他癌症中研究较少。本研究旨在探究甲基转移酶样3(methyltransferase-like 3,METTL3)介导N6-甲基腺苷(N6-methyladenosine,m6A)修饰lncRNA THAP7-AS1表达上调促进肺癌发生的作用及机制。方法收集120例肺癌与对应癌旁组织样本,lncRNA微阵列分析差异表达的lncRNA,实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction,qRT-PCR)检测肺癌、癌旁组织、肺癌细胞系THAP7-AS1表达,分析THAP7-AS1对肺癌的诊断价值以及其表达水平与肺癌患者生存率、临床病理特征的关系。通过生物信息学分析、甲基化RNA免疫共沉淀(methylated RNA immunoprecipitation,meRIP)、RNA pulldown实验、RIP实验探究THAP7-AS1的分子调节机制;通过MTS、克隆形成、划痕、Transwell、体内异种移植实验测定各组SPC-A-1、NCI-H1299细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭、成瘤能力,Western blot检测磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶/蛋白激酶B(phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kenase B,PI3K/AKT)信号通路蛋白表达。结果肺癌组织、细胞系THAP7-AS1表达升高(P<0.05),对肺癌具有一定的诊断价值[曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)=0.737],其表达水平与患者总生存率、肿瘤大小、肿瘤原发灶-淋巴结-转移(tumor-node-metastasis,TNM)分期、淋巴结转移相关(P<0.05)。METTL3介导的m6A修饰能够增强THAP7-AS1表达。与SPC-A-1、NCI-H1299细胞NC组、sh-NC组相比,THAP7-AS1组增殖、迁移、侵袭能力提高(P<0.05),移植瘤体积、质量增大(P<0.05),sh-THAP7-AS1组增殖、迁移、侵袭能力下降(P<0.05)。THAP7-AS1与Cullin蛋白4B(Cullin 4B,CUL4B)存在特异结合。与SPC-A-1、NCI-H1299细胞Vector组相比,THAP7-AS1组增殖、迁移、侵袭能力、磷脂酰肌醇-4,5-二磷酸3-激酶催化亚基α(phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha,PI3KCA)、磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶催化亚基δ(phosphoinositide-3 kinase-catalytic subunit delta,PI3KCD)、磷酸化磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(phospho-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase,p-PI3K)、磷酸蛋白激酶B(phospho-protein kinase B,p-AKT)、磷酸哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(phosphomammalian target of rapamycin,p-mTOR)表达水平升高(P<0.05)。结论LncRNA THAP7-AS1通过METTL3介导的m6A修饰稳定表达,与CUL4B结合激活PI3K/AKT信号通路,促进肺癌发生发展。

神经节苷脂对脑外伤大鼠大脑皮质Nogo-A表达的影响

目的:观察神经节苷脂(GM1)对脑外伤大鼠大脑皮质中Nogo-A表达的影响,探讨GM1促进脑外伤神经修复的可能机制。方法:采用SPF级SD大鼠100只,随机分为空白对照组(n=10)、假手术组(n=20)、损伤后生理盐水组(n=35)和损伤后GM1组(n=35)。通过HE染色观察各组大鼠脑组织不同时间点病理情况;用免疫组化的方法观察Nogo-A阳性细胞数量。结果:通过免疫组化的方法观察损伤后生理盐水组:Nogo-A阳性细胞在造模24时即明显升高,至72h时仍呈升高的趋势;GMl组:Nogo-A的阳性细胞数早期逐渐升高,至24h时数量最多,之后开始减少,应用GMl后,Nogo-A的阳性细胞数量的增加较为延后。结论:Nogo-A在颅脑损伤后其阳性细胞数量显著增高,抑制中枢神经损伤后的再生,神经节苷脂GM1在脑损伤后可部分抑制Nogo-A的表达,机制可能通过稳定细胞膜、减轻细胞水肿,从而发挥对实验性脑外伤大鼠的神经保护作用。

Reviews of gas hydrate inhibitors in gas-dominant pipelines and application of kinetic hydrate inhibitors in China

During the development and application of natural gas,hydrate plugging the pipelines is a very important issue to solve.Currently,adding thermodynamic hydrate inhibitors(THIs)and kinetic hydrate inhibitors(KHIs)in gas-dominated pipelines is a main way to prevent hydrate plugging of flow lines.This paper mainly reviews the efforts to develop THIs and KHIs in the past 20 years,compare the role of various THIs,such as methanol,ethylene glycol and electrolyte,and give the tips in using.The direction of KHIs is toward high efficiency,low toxicity,low pollution and low cost.More than a hundred inhibitors,including polymers,natural products and ionic liquids,have been synthesized in the past decade.Some of them have better performance than the current commercial KHIs.However,there are still few problems,such as the complex synthesis process,high cost and low solubility,impeding the commercialization of these inhibitors.The review also summarized some application of KHIs in China.Research of KHIs in China began late.There are no KHIs used in gas pipelines.Only a few field tests have been carried out.In the end of this paper,the field test of self-developed KHIs by China is summarized,and the guidance is given according to the application results.

Numerical study on non-uniform heat transfer deterioration of supercritical RP-3 aviation kerosene in a horizontal tube

The convective heat transfer of supercritical-pressure RP-3(Rocket Propellant 3)aviation kerosene in a horizontal circular tube has been numerically studied,focusing mainly on the non-uniform heat transfer deterioration along the circumferential direction.The governing equations of mass,momentum and energy have been solved using the pressure-based segregated solver based on the finite volume method.The re-normalization group(RNG)k-εturbulence model with an enhanced wall treatment was selected.Considering the heat conduction in the solid wall,the mechanism of heat transfer deterioration and the buoyancy effect on deteriorated heat transfer were discussed.The evolution of secondary flow was analyzed.Effects of the outer-wall heat flux,mass flux,pressure and tube thermal conductivity on heat transfer were investigated.Moreover,the buoyancy criterion and the heat transfer correlation were obtained.Results indicate that the poor flow performance of near-wall fluid causes the pseudo-film boiling,further leads to the heat transfer deterioration.The strong buoyancy has an effect of enhancing the heat transfer at the bottom of tube,and weakening the heat transfer at the top of tube,which results in the non-uniform inner-wall temperature and heat flux distributions.Decreasing the ratio of outer-wall heat flux and mass flux,increasing the pressure could weaken the heat transfer difference along the circumferential direction,while the effect of thermal conductivity of tube on the circumferential parameters distributions is more complicated.When the buoyancy criterion of(Grq/Grth)max≤0.8 is satisfied,the effect of buoyancy could be ignored.The new correlations work well for non-uniform heat transfer predictions.

Hydrate capture CO_2 from shifted synthesis gas, flue gas and sour natural gas or biogas

CO2 capture by hydrate formation is a novel gas separation technology, by which CO2 is selectively engaged in the cages of hydrate and is separated with other gases, based on the differences of phase equilibrium for CO2 and other gases. However. rigorous temperature and pressure, high energy cost and industrialized hydration separator dragged the development of the hydrate based CO2 capture. In this paper, the key problems in CO2 capture from the different sources such as shifted synthesis gas, flue gas and sour natural gas or biogas were analyzed. For shifted synthesis gas and flue gas, its high energy consumption is the barrier, and for the sour natural gas or biogas （CO2/CH4 system）, the bottleneck is how to enhance the selectivity of CO2 hydration. For these gases, scale-up is the main difficulty. Also, this paper explored the possibility of separating different gases by selective hydrate formation and reviewed the progress of CO2 separation from shifted synthesis gas, flue gas and sour natural gas or biogas.

Kinetic hydrate inhibitor performance of new copolymer poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone-co-2-vinyl pyridine)s with TBAB

In oil and gas field, the application of kinetic hydrate inhibitors （KHIs） independently has remained problematic in high subcooling and high water-cut situation. One feasible method to resolve this problem is the combined use of KHIs and some synergists, which would enhance KHIs’ inhibitory effect on both hydrate nucleation and hydrate crystal growth. In this study, a novel kind of KHI copolymer poly（N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone-co-2-vinyl pyridine）s （HGs） is used in conjunction with TBAB to show its high performance on hydrate inhibition. The performance of HGs with different monomer ratios in structure II tetrahydrofuran （THF） hydrate is investigated using kinetic hydrate inhibitor evaluation apparatus by step-cooling method and isothermal cooling method. With the combined gas hydrate inhibitor at the concentration of 1.0 wt%, the induction time of 19 wt% THF solution could be prolonged to 8.5 h at a high subcooling of 6℃. Finally, the mechanism of HGs inhibiting the formation of gas hydrate is proposed.

Recovering methane from quartz sand-bearing hydrate with gaseous CO2

The replacement method by CO;is regarded as a new approach to natural gas hydrate（NGH） exploitation method, by which methane production and carbon dioxide sequestration might be obtained simultaneously. In this study, CO;was used to recover CH;from hydrate reservoirs at different temperatures and pressures. During the CO;–CH;recovery process, the pressure was selected from 2.1 to 3.4 MPa, and the temperature ranged from 274.2 to 281.2 K. Calculating the fugacity differences between the gas phase and the hydrate phase for CO;and CH;at different conditions, it has found rising pressure was positive for hydrates formation process that was helpful for the improvement of CH;recovery rate. Rising temperature promoted the trend of CH;hydrate decomposition for the whole process of CO;–CH;replacement.The highest recovery rate was 46.6 % at 3.4 MPa 281.2 K for CO;–CH;replacement reaction in this work.

Accelerated nucleation of tetrahydrofuran(THF)hydrate in presence of ZIF-61

Clathrate hydrate can be used in energy gas storage and transportation, CO2 capture and cool storage etc. However, these technologies are difficult to be used due to the low formation rate and long induction time of hydrate formation. In this paper, ZIF-61 （zeolite imidazolate framework, ZIF） was first used in hydrate formation to stimulate hydrate nucleation. As an additive of clathrate hydrate, ZIF-61 promoted obviously the acceleration of tetrahydrofuran （THF） hydrate nucleation. It shortened the induction time of THF hydrate formation from 2-5 h to 0.3-1 h mainly due to the template function of ZIF-61 by which the nucleation of THF hydrate has been promoted.

Associations between risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and frailty among community-dwelling older adults in Lanzhou,China

Objectives:To examine the relationship between cardiovascular disease risk factors and frailty in a sample of older Chinese adults.Methods:A total of 458 community-dwelling older adults(>65 years)in Lanzhou,Gansu Province of China participated in a cross-sectional survey.Their status was evaluated in terms of frailty phenotype(unintentional weight loss,exhaustion,low activity levels,slowness and weakness).Participants were categorized as not frail,prefrail or frail.Cardiovascular disease risk factors that were assessed included:blood pressure,body mass index,waist circumference,blood glucose,total cholesterol,triglycerides,lowdensity lipoproteins and high-density lipoproteins.Results:Individuals with obesity had an increased risk of prefrailty(OR:2.26;95%CI:1.05,4.84).Hypertension was inversely associated with frailtyamong the participants(OR:0.31;95%CI:0.11,0.87)after adjusting for covariates.Conclusions:The findings suggest that much more attention should be paid to weight control of the elderly in the community for preventing them from transition to prefrailty or frailty.Active prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases among the community-dwelling elder are still of great importance.

Optimization strategy and procedure for coal bed methane separation

Coal bed methane （CBM） has a huge potential to be purified to relieve the shortage of natural gas meanwhile to weaken the greenhouse effect. This paper proposed an optimal design strategy for CBM to obtain an integrated process configuration consisting of three each single separation units, membrane, pressure swing absorption, and cryogenics. A superstructure model was established including all possible network configurations which were solved by MINLP. The design strategy optimized the separation unit configuration and operating conditions to satisfy the target of minimum total annual process cost. An example was presented for the separation of CH4/N2 mixtures in coal bed methane （CBM） treatment. The key operation parameters were also studied and they showed the influence to process configurations.

Comparison of cancer incidence and mortality in three GDP per capita levels in China, 2013

Objective：In this research,the patterns of cancer incidence and mortality in areas with different gross domestic product per capita（GDPPC）levels in China were explored,using data from population-based cancer registries in 2013,collected by the National Central Cancer Registry（NCCR）.Methods：Data from 255 cancer registries were qualified and included in this analysis.Based on the GDPPC data of 2014,cities/counties were divided into 3 levels：high-,middle-and low-GDPPC areas,with 40,000 and 80,000 RMB per year as cut points.We calculated cancer incidences and mortalities in these three levels,stratified by gender and age group.The national population of the Fifth Census in 2000 and Segi’s population were applied for age-standardized rates.Results：The crude incidence and mortality rates as well as age-standardized incidence rate（ASIR）showed positive associations with GDPPC level.The age-standardized mortality rate（ASMR）nevertheless showed a negative association with GDPPC level.The ASMR in high-,middle-and low-GDPPC areas was 103.12/100,000,112.49/100,000 and 117.43/100,000,respectively.Lung cancer was by far the most common cancer in all three GDPPC levels.It was also the leading cause of cancer death,regardless of gender and GDPPC level.Negative associations with GDPPC level were found for the ASIRs of lung,stomach,esophageal and liver cancer,whereas colorectal and breast cancer showed positive associations.Except for breast cancer,the ASMRs of the other five cancers were always higher in middle-and low-GDPPC areas than in high-GDPPC areas.Conclusions：The economic development is one of the main factors of the heavy cancer burden on Chinese population.It would be reasonable to implement cancer control strategies referring to the local GDPPC level.

High-performance Si-Containing anode materials in lithium-ion batteries: A superstructure of Si@Co-NC composite works effectively

To mitigate the massive volume expansion of Si-based anode during the charge/discharge cycles,we synthesized a superstructure of Si@Co±NC composite via the carbonization of zeolite imidazolate frameworks incorporated with Si nanoparticles.The Si@Co±NC is comprised of Sinanoparticle core and N-doped/Co-incorporated carbon shell,and there is void space between the core and the shell.When using as anode material for LIBs,Si@Co±NC displayed a super performance with a charge/discharge capacity of 191.6/191.4 mA h g^(-1)and a coulombic efficiency of 100.1%at 1000 mA g^(-1)after 3000 cycles,and the capacity loss rate is 0.022%per cycle only.The excellent electrochemical property of Si@Co±NC is because its electronic conductivity is enhanced by doping the carbon shell with N atoms and by incorporating with Co particles,and the pathway of lithium ions transmission is shortened by the hollow structure and abundant mesopores in the carbon shell.Also,the volume expansion of Si nanoparticles is well accommodated in the void space and suppressed by the carbon host matrix.This work shows that,through designing a superstructure for the anode materials,we can synergistically reduce the work function and introduce the confinement effect,thus significantly enhancing the anode materials’electrochemical performance in LIBs.

Acupoint electrogymnastics therapy in stroke hemiplegia

BACKGROUND： Electrogymnastics can offer a range of proprioceptive, motor, and cutaneous sensation impulses to the central nerve system. The center receives perception of the paralyzed muscle through the aid of these impulses. During this process, functional reorganization of connecting network between segment and intersegment takes place. OBJECTIVE： To observe the therapeutic efficacy of acupoint electrogymnastics and traditional electroacupuncture on stroke hemiplegia. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A multicenter, randomized, controlled, blinded, clinical study was performed at the College of Acu-moxibustion and Massage in Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from May 2004 to September 2006. PARTICIPANTS： A total of 153 patients suffering from stroke hemiplegia, comprising 83 males and 70 females, aged 63-70 years, were admitted to outpatient and inpatient at LongHua Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese medicine, Putuo District Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital and Changqiao Street Community Health Service Center of Shanghai. METHODS： The patients were randomly divided into treatment （n = 77） and control （n = 76） groups. They were treated with acupoint electrogymnastics and traditional electroacupuncture, respectively. In the treatment group, two pairs of positive and negative JD-2008 type electrodes from a hemiplegia treatment apparatus were directly pasted on the Shousanli （LI 10） and Waiguan （SJ5） acupoints of the upper limb, as well as the Zusanli （S36） and Yanglingquan （GB34） acupoints of the lower limb, respectively. In the control group, needles were consecutively inserted into the above acupoints. Using the method of lifting-inserting and twisting-rotating, the needle was manipulated with small amplitude of 5-7 mm and a fast frequency of 80-120 times/min when the needle was inserted to a suitable depth. When the sensation of needling was attained, the two pairs of positive and negative electrodes of type G6805-Ⅱelectro-acupuncture apparatus were connected to the Shousanli （LI 10） and Waiguan （SJ5） acupoints of the upper limb, as well as the Zusanli （S36） and Yanglingquan（GB 34） acupoints of the lower limb, respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The Fugl-Meyer evaluation method was used to assess upper limb movement, lower limb movement, sensory stimulation of all limbs, balance, and joint range of motion. RESULTS： Upper-lower limb motor function, limb sensory function, balance, and joint range of motion were significantly ameliorated following treatment, compared with pre-treatment （P 〈0.01）. There was no significant difference in various indexes between the two groups after treatment （P 〉0.05）. CONCLUSION： Acupoint electrogymnastics and traditional electroacupuncture exhibited similar curative effects in the treatment of stroke hemiplegia.

Toxicity Mechanism of Emodin on Interstitial Cells of Cajal

Aim: To explore the emodin’s toxicity and action mechanism on the function of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) cultured in vitro. Methods: ICC of KM mouse was cultured in vitro. The minimum toxicity concentration and critical time points of emodin were investigated with Uniform Design methodology and MTT assay. The cell enzymology assay and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) were applied to observe the effect of emodin on membrane stability, cellular internal environment, energy metabolism and second messenger of ICC. Results: The minimum toxicity concentration was 0.001%, and the critical time points were 30 s, 1 min, 30 min, and 60 min. After administration of emodin, the damage on cells aggravated with time prolonging. The activity of malonaldehyde (MDA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and phosphatase in the cell was raised significantly (P + and Ca2+ were increased but K+ concentration was decreased. The Na+-K+-ATPase activity was promoted but Ca2+-ATPase descended. Second messenger as IP3 and cAMP also became more active. All these changes had statistical significance (P Conclusion: Emodin had toxicity function on ICC which can lead to membrane damage, energy metabolism disorder. This mechanism could be related to electrolytes concentration disorder, inhibited activity of Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase, and raised activity of IP3 and cAMP.

Evidence for pore-filling gas hydrates in the sediments through morphology observation

To provide an evidence of natural gas hydrate occurrence state,a series of experiments on multiple growth and dissociation of 90.0%methane/10.0%propane hydrates at 1.3 MPa and 270.15 K were carried out in two sediments for morphology observation via a visible jacketed-reactor.The gas hydrate crystals were observed to form and grow on the surface of sediments at the initial growth.During the thermal decomposition,gas and liquid products had an unceasingly impact on the sediments,then gas/liquid–solid migration occurred,and a large number of cavitation appeared.In the later growth and dissociation experiments,the gas hydrate particles were in suspension or supporting states in the interstitial pore space between the sediment particles,indicating that the gas hydrate displayed a pore-filling characteristics.Through analyzing the distribution of gas hydrates and bubbles,it was found that the amount of gas hydrates distributed in the sediments was improved with multiple growth-dissociation cycle proceedings.Gas migration enhanced the sediment movement,which led to the appearance of the increasing quantity of gas bubbles in the sediments during cycles.Salts affected the growth of the gas hydrates and the migration of sediment grains,which also restricted the accumulation of gas bubbles in the sediments.According to the Raman analysis,the results showed that sII hydrates were formed for CH4 and C3H8 gas mixtures in different sediments and solutions with hydration number of 5.84–6.53.The Salt restricted the access of gas into the hydrate cages.

Enhance hydrates formation with stainless steel fiber for high capacity methane storage

In order to realize efficient gas storage of hydrate,stainless steel fiber(SSF)was added to 0.03%(mass)sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS)solution for gas storage experiment.SSF can not only improve the problem that hydration heat cannot be removed effectively in the hydration process,but also improve gas storage speed and gas storage by increasing hydrate nucleation sites.Under the experimental conditions(273.2 K,5-9 MPa),the peaks of temperature rise in SDS+SSF systems were found to become much smaller than those in SDS systems.The maximum gas storage rate and the maximum methane uptake of SSF+SDS system reached 9.89-24.90 cm^(3)·g^(-1)·min^(-1) and 178.65-200.89 cm^(3)·(g H_(2)O)-1,respectively.Compared with the surfactant SDS solution without SSF,they increased by 10.47%-33.22%and 9.16%-25.36%,respectively.The effect of SSF length on gas storage performance was studied.Due to the continuous thermal conduction network,longer SSF showed a higher gas storage capacity and methane uptake rate compared with shorter SSF.At the same time,compared with other metal fillers,SSF+SDS not only had excellent gas storage performance,but also the amount of SSF(0.1 g·ml^(-1))was only 7.6%of foamed aluminum,and the volume gas storage density was increased by 145.4%.The use of stainless steel fiber made the best use of the thermal conductivity of metal,reduced the amount of metal used,and improved the volume density and mass density of gas storage.

Detailed seafloor geomorphology of the western region of the North Yellow Sea,China:The result of Holocene erosional and depositional processes sculpting the offshore continental shelf

High-resolution multi-beam/single-beam bathymetric data and seismic profiling data from the latest surveys are used to map and interpret the detailed seafloor geomorphology of the western region of the North Yellow Sea(NYS),China.The mapping area covers 156410 km^(2),and incorporates a flat shelf plain,subaqueous accumulation shoals,tidal scouring troughs,and tidal sand ridge groups.Offshore areas with water depths less than 50 m in the western region of the NYS are mainly covered by thick,loose sediments,forming wide spread accumulation geomorphological features;these include the Liaodong Peninsula subaqueous accumulation system containing shoals and rugged scouring troughs,and the large mud wedge of the Shandong Peninsula.In the central part of the NYS,there is a relatively flat residual shelf plain with coarser sediment deposits.This flat shelf plain has a water depth larger than 50 m and a thin layer of sediment,on which there is a large pockmark field caused by seafloor seepage.These geomorphological structures indicate that modern sedimentary processes are the main driving force controlling the sculpture of the current seafloor surface landform.Extensive strong tidal current systems and abundant sediment sources provide the critical external forces and essential conditions for the formation of seafloor geomorphology.The tectonic basement controls the macroscopic morphological shape of the NYS,but is reflected very little in the seafloor geomorphic elements.Our results provide a detailed seafloor geomorphological map of the western region of the NYS,an area that has not previously mapped and also provide a scientific framework for further research into offshore seafloor geomorphology,shelf sedimentary processes,and submarine engineering construction in this region.

LSSVM Predictive Control for Calcination Zone Temperature in Rotary Kiln with IHS Algorithm

The calcination zone temperature control is an important problem in rotary kiln production process. In order to solve this problem,a predictive control method based on improved harmony search algorithm( IHS)and least square support vector machine( LSSVM) is proposed. LSSVM is utilized to bulid the nonlinear predictive model of calcination zone temperature in rotary kiln. The calcination zone temperature can be predicted through input control variable,the error and error correction of output feedback. The performance index function is established by deviation and control variable. An IHS algorithm with better fitness and faster convergence speed is proposed. The optimal control variable can be obtained by rolling optimization through this IHS algorithm. The stability of this predictive control method is proved to be feasible. The simulation and actual experiment results show that the proposed predictive control method has good control performance.