The Condyloma Acuminatum’s Recurrence Can Be Reduced by Lesional Auto-Transplantation

Background: Condyloma acuminatum (CA), also known as a genital wart (GW), is a sexually transmitted disease caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV lesions, recurrence tendency, and risk of malignant formation are primarily dependent on the person’s immunity level. GW recurrence is a major challenge in CA treatment. The aim of this study was to explore how lesional auto-transplantation (LT) can be used to treat CA and decrease its recurrence. Methods: We treated CA through the preparation and implantation of tissue from nine CA patients in our dermatology clinic. Transplantation of small pieces of HPV lesions to the subcutaneous fat of the inguinal region was carried out with the help of a simple surgical method under local anesthesia. Patients were followed up for six to eight months. We searched PubMed and the Web of Science for treatment options for CA to compare our treatment method recurrence rate with existing treatment options. Results: During three months of follow-up, seven patients experienced no recurrence of condyloma lesions, while two patients experienced recurrence of small lesions of condyloma acuminatum. The recurrence rate of CA once treated by auto-transplantation was relatively low compared to other CA treatment options. Conclusions: Transplantation of HPV lesions to the inguinal area reduces the recurrence rate in sexually active individuals. The 2/9 recurrence after implantation could be due to poor hygiene, sexual relationships or immune factors.

Lift fin stabilizers based on data fusion with wavelet denoising technology

Fin stabilizers with fin-lift feedback control can shield the mapping error of calculation between the fin angle and fin lift force,which is in the fin stabilizer with fin-angle feedback control.In practice,there are some technical difficulties in lift fin stabilizers,such as lift force detection and lift force sensor installation,so it cannot achieve the good antirolling performance.Therefore,a fin stabilizer system with fin-lift/fin-angle integrated control is brought forward.Data fusion based on wavelet denoising technology is employed in the system,which combines lift with fin angle local information from two sensors with different frequency ranges in order to eliminate redundant and contradictory information,and using complementary information to obtain the relative integrity of the lift force signal.The system model is established in this paper,and the fusion signal and the antirolling performance of this model are simulated respectively.The result shows that the control system can meet the antirolling need in different sea situations.

Dysregulated STAT1 gain-of-function:Pathogen-free autoimmunity and fungal infection

Inborn errors of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1(STAT1)result in four types of immunodeficiency disease with varying degrees of impaired STAT1 function:autosomal recessive(AR)complete STAT1 deficiency,AR partial STAT1 deficiency,autosomal dominant(AD)STAT1 deficiency,and AD STAT1 gain-of-function(STAT1-GOF).Of which,the STAT1-GOF mutations promote a clinical syndrome of immune dysregulation characterized by recurrent infections,especially chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis(CMC)and Talaromyces marneffei infection and predisposition to humoral autoimmunity.STAT1-GOF mutations lead to enhanced phosphorylation of STAT1(pSTAT1),delayed dephosphorylation,and impaired nuclear dephosphorylation.As a result,the development of T helper(Th)17 cells is impaired,limiting the production of interleukin(IL)-17,which plays an important role in antifungal immunity.Additionally,mutations can also cause a decrease in the proportion of CD4^(+),CD8^(+),and natural killer(NK)cells.Recent research demonstrated that in the absence of overt infection,STAT-GOF mice can disrupt naïve CD4^(+)T cell homeostasis and promote expansion and differentiation of abnormal T-follicular helper/T-helper 1-like(Tfh/Th1-like)T cells and germinal center-like(GC-like)B cells,and thus reminds us of the complex molecular mechanism of autoimmune disease with/without fungal infection,which may further involve specific clinical treatment including antifungal and anti-autoimmunity therapies.In addition,sex and location of mutation were also associated with the clinical phenotype.Individuals with DNA binding domain(DBD)mutations had a higher prevalence of autoimmunity and aberrant B cell activation.Disrupted CD4^(+)T cell homeostasis occurred sooner and more robustly in females,highlighting the importance of specific treatment to normalize STAT1 expression and restore immune tolerance in patients with STAT1-GOF syndrome.Herein,we provide a comprehensive review of STAT1-GOF aiming to further clarify the regulatory mechanism of cellular and humoral immune deficiency in patients with fungal infection with or without autoimmunity.