Effects of Rosa roxburghii&edible fungus fermentation broth on immune response and gut microbiota in immunosuppressed mice

With the rise of probiotics fermentation in food industry,fermented foods have attracted worldwide attention.In this study,protective effects of Rosa roxburghii&edible fungus fermentation broth(REFB)on immune function and gut health in Cyclophosphamide induced immunosuppressed mice were investigated.Results showed that REFB could improve the immune organ index,and promote the proliferation and differentiation of splenic T lymphocytes.In addition,it attenuated intestinal mucosal damage and improved intestinal cellular immunity.REFB administration also up-regulated the expression of IL-4,INF-γ,TNF-α,T-bet and GATA-3 mRNA in small intestine.Furthermore,administration of REFB modulated gut microbiota composition and increased the relative abundance of beneficial genus,such as Bacteroides.It also increased the production of fecal short-chain fatty acids.These indicate that REFB has the potential to improve immunity,alleviate intestinal injury and regulate gut microbiota in immunosuppressed mice.

Gamma-glutamyl transferase 5 overexpression in cerebrovascular endothelial cells improves brain pathology,cognition,and behavior in APP/PS1 mice

In patients with Alzheimer’s disease,gamma-glutamyl transferase 5(GGT5)expression has been observed to be downregulated in cerebrovascular endothelial cells.However,the functional role of GGT5 in the development of Alzheimer’s disease remains unclear.This study aimed to explore the effect of GGT5 on cognitive function and brain pathology in an APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease,as well as the underlying mechanism.We observed a significant reduction in GGT5 expression in two in vitro models of Alzheimer’s disease(Aβ_(1-42)-treated hCMEC/D3 and bEnd.3 cells),as well as in the APP/PS1 mouse model.Additionally,injection of APP/PS1 mice with an adeno-associated virus encoding GGT5 enhanced hippocampal synaptic plasticity and mitigated cognitive deficits.Interestingly,increasing GGT5 expression in cerebrovascular endothelial cells reduced levels of both soluble and insoluble amyloid-βin the brains of APP/PS1 mice.This effect may be attributable to inhibition of the expression ofβ-site APP cleaving enzyme 1,which is mediated by nuclear factor-kappa B.Our findings demonstrate that GGT5 expression in cerebrovascular endothelial cells is inversely associated with Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis,and that GGT5 upregulation mitigates cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 mice.These findings suggest that GGT5 expression in cerebrovascular endothelial cells is a potential therapeutic target and biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease.

肠道菌群与相关性疾病的研究进展

肠道是人体重要的消化器官和排毒器官 ,其回旋盘转的结构被形象地称为人体的“ 第二大脑”。肠道中寄生着数以亿计的细菌 ,这些细菌与机体互利共生 ,通过发酵食物为宿主及自身提供能量和营养物质 ,参与机体的代谢 ,构成“宿 主—肠道菌群共代谢”的代谢模式。此外,肠道菌群还能协助机体抵御病原体的侵入,促进人体健康、抵御疾病越来越多的研究表明,当机体受到外源或内源性刺激时,肠道内的微生物群落会发生改变 ,而肠道菌群的紊乱与炎症性肠病、代谢性疾病、免疫系统疾病、精神系统疾病以及肿瘤等疾病的发生发展息息相关。本文综述了肠道菌群影响各类疾病发病机制的研究进展,旨在为疾病的临床治疗提供新的参考和思路。

Energy,exergy,economic and environmental comprehensive analysis and multi-objective optimization of a sustainable zero liquid discharge integrated process for fixed-bed coal gasification wastewater

For a long time,China's regional water resource imbalance has restricted the development of coal chemical industry,and it is imperative to achieve zero liquid discharge(ZLD).Therefore,the game relationship between technical indicators,costs and emissions in ZLD process of fixed-bed coal gasification wastewater treatment process should be explored in detail.According to the accurate model,the simulation for ZLD of fixed-bed coal gasification wastewater treatment process is established,and this process is assessed from the perspective of thermodynamics,economy,and environment.The total energy consumption of ZLD process before optimization is 4.032×10^(8)W.The results of exergy analysis show exergy destruction of ZLD process is 94.55%.For economic and environmental results,the total annual cost is 1.892×10^(7)USD·a^(-1)and the total environmental impact is 4.782×10^(-8).The total energy consumption of the optimal six-step ZLD process based on multi-objective optimization is 4.028×10^(8)W.The CO_(2)content in the treated wastewater is 0.1%.This study will have an important role in promoting the establishment of the ZLD process for coal chemistry industry.

Separation of fuel additives based on mechanism analysis and thermodynamic phase behavior

tert-butanol and ethyl acetate,as fuel additives and oxygenated fuels,can improve fuels quality and reduce exhaust emissions.Therefore,the recovery of these compounds from azeotropic systems is of great significance.Ionic liquids(ILs)are promising green solvents for separating azeotropic systems.In this study,an efficient extraction strategy based on 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate([Bmim][AC])is proposed.The mechanism by which ILs enable the separation of binary alcohol-ester azeotropes was revealed by evaluating the lowest conformational energy through combining an independent gradient model based on the Hirshfeld partition(IGMH)and frontier molecular orbitals,to preliminarily screen the extractants.The range of extractants was further reduced by a vapor–liquid phase equilibrium(VLE)experiment,and a modeling method for separating the alcohol–ester system and recovering the solvent using[Bmim][AC]and 1-ethyl-3-methyl-3-imidazolium acetate([Emim][AC])is established.Under the optimal operating conditions,the use of[Bmim][AC]can reduce the total annual cost(TAC)per year by 17.78%,and the emissions of CO_(2),SO_(2),and NO can be reduced by 10.86%.In this study,a comprehensive method for screening extractants is proposed,and the simulation process is optimized in combination with the economic and environmental impact.The results have important guiding significance for realizing efficient,energy-saving,and green azeotropic separation systems in industry.

Acquired immunity and Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer’s disease(AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive defects. The role of the central immune system dominated by microglia in the progression of AD has been extensively investigated. However, little is known about the peripheral immune system in AD pathogenesis.Recently, with the discovery of the meningeal lymphatic vessels and glymphatic system, the roles of the acquired immunity in the maintenance of central homeostasis and neurodegenerative diseases have attracted an increasing attention. The T cells not only regulate the function of neurons, astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes and brain microvascular endothelial cells, but also participate in the clearance of β-amyloid(Aβ) plaques. Apart from producing antibodies to bind Aβ peptides, the B cells affect Aβ-related cascades via a variety of antibodyindependent mechanisms. This review systemically summarizes the recent progress in understanding pathophysiological roles of the T cells and B cells in AD.

Periodontitis as a promoting factor of T2D: current evidence and mechanisms

Periodontitis is an infectious disease caused by an imbalance between the local microbiota and host immune response.Epidemiologically,periodontitis is closely related to the occurrence,development,and poor prognosis of T2D and is recognized as a potential risk factor for T2D.In recent years,increasing attention has been given to the role of the virulence factors produced by disorders of the subgingival microbiota in the pathological mechanism of T2D。

扁角菌蚊亚科首个完整线粒体基因组——结构和比较分析(双翅目:扁角菌蚊科)

线粒体基因组已广泛应用于许多昆虫类群的系统发育研究。GenBank中只有1个完整的扁角菌蚊科线粒体基因组,属于织网菌蚊亚科。在此,我们公布了扁角菌蚊科另1个亚科--扁角菌蚊亚科的第1个线粒体基因组,它是1个15,521 bp的环状分子,AT含量为78.9%。该线粒体基因组包含13个蛋白质编码基因、22个转运RNA基因、两个核糖体RNA基因和一个控制区。除控制区外,扁角菌蚊亚科的Orfeliasp.线粒体基因组的整体和各部分的AT含量均高于织网菌蚊亚科的Arachnocampa flava Harrison, 1966。核苷酸替代率(dN/dS)分析表明,扁角菌蚊科线粒体基因组中ND5基因的进化速度最快,而COI基因的进化速度最慢。

The Study of Food-Grade Induced Expression and Enzymatic Properties of L-Arabinose Isomerase from Lactobacillus plantarum WU14 with High D-Tagatose Yield

L-arabinose isomerase (L-AI) is the key enzyme for D-galactose isomerization of D-tagatose by biological method. In this research, Lactobacillus plantarum WU14 with high D-tagatose yield was identified as Lactobacillus plantarum was isolated from the number of lactic acid bacteria from pickled vegetables. The crude L-arabinose isomerase activity of Lactobacillus plantarum WU14 with high D-tagatose yield was 13.95 U/mL under the optimal temperature 60&degC, pH 7.17 and substrate concentration 0.8 mol/L, and the conversion rate of 56.12% could be gained after 28 hours. Protein structure and specific of L-Arabinose Isomerase of Lactobacillus plantarum WU14 were researched. The results showed that L-arabinose isomerase is mainly composed of alpha helix and random coil. Then the recombinant L-AI gene was inserted into the food-grade expression vector pRNA48 and expressed in L. lactis NZ9000 successfully. The target protein expression reached the maximum amount when the induced concentration of nisin reaches 30 ng/mL after 12 h. And the crude enzyme activity of recombinant bacteria reached 6.21 U/mL under 60&degC. Otherwise the optimal conversion rate recombinant of L. lactis NZ9000/pRNA48-L-AI can reach 39.21% under the temperature of 50&degC, pH 7.17 and D-galactose concentration was 0.6 mol/L.

云南省核桃维生素B及褪黑激素的检测分析

以云南23个主产区核桃仁为原料,采用HPLC对核桃仁中的维生素B及褪黑激素含量进行分析研究。结果检测到核桃仁中含量较高的维生素B有烟酰胺与维生素B6,其中烟酰胺含量在0.816~2.933 μg/g之间,差异不显著;维生素B6含量在0.064~1.326 μg/g之间,差异显著。抗氧化物质中褪黑激素测定结果显示云南主栽核桃品种仁中褪黑激素含量较高,含量范围在10.48~15.09% ng/g,最高含量可达15.09% ng/g,远远高于国外的2.5~4.5 ng/g。本研究的开展可为云南核桃的精深加工产业的发展奠定基础。

清代京师防疫措施

清代是历史上疫情比较严重的时期,天花、霍乱、白喉、鼠疫等传染病肆虐京师。面对疫情,清政府采取各种措施防控,在控制疫情方面取得一定的成效,虽有时代局限性,但也为我们今天的防疫工作提供了经验和借鉴。一、隔离与医治隔离是简单易行且颇为有效的防疫措施。

蔚秀园的古今变迁

蔚秀园位于北京市海淀区西北部,北京大学西门对面,北面是圆明园,南面是畅春园。两园之间的蔚秀园是在畅春园、圆明园逐步成为清朝的理政中心后发展起来的。在清代,该园先后被赐给多位皇子,得名“蔚秀园”后曾一度十分繁荣,然历经英法联军劫难变颓垣,虽经修缮,已与往昔盛况相差甚远。随着社会的变迁和城市的发展,园子被重修并开发利用。时至今日,改建后的蔚秀园名字延续未变,但已从清代的皇子赐园变成北京大学的职工宿舍。

不同大豆蛋白源对巴民杂交猪生长性能、肉品质、肉营养成分以及氨基酸组成的影响

文章旨在研究不同加工处理大豆蛋白源对育肥阶段巴民杂交猪生长性能、肉营养成分、氨基酸组成以及肉品质的影响。试验采用单因子随机分组设计,选取27头体重82.37±4.12 kg的巴民杂交去势公猪,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复3头猪,分为对照组、试验1组和试验2组。对照组饲喂豆粕饲粮,试验1组和2组分别饲喂脱脂膨化大豆蛋白和不脱脂膨化大豆蛋白,3组的饲粮等氮等能。试验期60 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,(1)试验组在平均日采食量、平均日增重、末重上都有所提高,但差异不显著(P>0.05),而试验1组的耗料增重比显著降低(P<0.05);(2)试验组的背最长肌在水分、粗蛋白、灰分上差异不显著(P>0.05),但是试验1组的粗脂肪含量显著升高(P<0.05);(3)试验组背最长肌的pH24h和a*值都有不同程度的升高,其中试验1组差异显著(P<0.05);(4)试验组背最长肌中甘氨酸、丙氨酸等风味氨基酸以及精氨酸都显著升高(P<0.05),试验1组的谷氨酸显著升高(P<0.05);试验2组的组氨酸显著升高(P<0.05)。结论:脱脂膨化大豆蛋白和不脱脂膨化大豆蛋白均可以促进巴民杂交猪快速生长,提高巴民杂交猪肉中氨基酸含量和营养成分,改善肉品质,其中脱脂膨化大豆蛋白效果更佳。

Novel Long Non-coding RNA Markers for Prognostic Prediction of Patients with Bladder Cancer

Objective To explore novel long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)molecular markers related to bladder cancer prognosis and to construct a prognostic prediction model for bladder cancer patients.Methods LncRNA expression data of patients with bladder cancer were downloaded from TCGA database.Univariate Cox regression and likelihood-based survival analysis were used to discover prognosis related lncRNAs.Functional studies of prognosis related lncRNAs were conducted by co-expression analysis and pathway enrichment analysis.Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to establish risk score model,and Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis was used to determine the optimal cut-off point of the model.The risk score model was validated through Kaplan Meier estimation method and log-rank test.Results Seven prognosis related lncRNAs(OCIAD1-AS1,RP11-111 J6.2,AC079354.3,RP11-553 A21.3,RP11-598 F7.3,CYP4 F35 P and RP11-113 K21.4)which can predict survival of bladder cancer patient were discovered.Co-expression analysis and pathway analysis of these novel lncRNA signature and their target genes further revealed that these lncRNAs play important roles in the occurrence and development of bladder cancer.Additionally,a seven-lncRNA signature based risk score model for prognostic prediction of bladder cancer patients was established and validated.Notably,we identified the potential significance of two tumor-related antisense lncRNAs(OCIAD1-AS1 and RP11-553 A21.3)in the prognosis of bladder cancer.Conclusion Our results suggest that these lncRNA markers may serve as potential prognosis predictors for bladder cancer and deserve further functional verification studies.

Clinicopathological Significance of E-cadherin and PCNA Expression in Hunman Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

OBJECTIVE This study was designed to assess E-cadherin (E-cad)and proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)expression as well as their clinicopathological significance in hunman non- small cell lung cancers(NSCLCs).Possible molecular mechanisms of differentiation and metastasis of NSCLCs are discussed. METHODS Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence double staining were performed to examine the expression of E-cad and PCNA in 68 primary NSCLCs cases. RESULTS The E-cad expression in squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas showed no significant difference.E-cad expression had a positive correlation with the histological- differentiated grade.A significant difference of E-cad expression was found between metastatic and non-metastatic groups.PCNA expression in squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas showed no significant difference.The PCNA expression had a reverse correlation with the histological-differentiated grade.A significant difference of PCNA expression was found between metastatic and non-metastatic groups.The E-cad and PCNA expression presented a reverse correlation. CONCLUSION E-cad expression is not associated with the histological type of NSCLC,but is associated with differentiation and metastasis of the cancer.Down-regulation of E-cad expression affects the proliferation of cancer cells.Conjoint analysis of E-cad and PCNA expression is a good way to evaluate tumor biological behavior.

Relation of Cystatin C and Cathepsin B Expression to the Pathological Grade and Invasion of Human Gliomas

OBJECTIVE To explore the relation of cystatin C and cathepsin B expression to the pathological grade and invasion of human gliomas. METHODS A immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of cystatin C and cathepsin B in 57 glioma samples. RESULTS The expression of cystatin C in high-grade （Grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ ）gliomas was significantly weaker than that in low-grade（Grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ, P=0.0001）. On the other hand, the expression of cathepsin B in high-grade gliomas was significantly stronger than that in low-grade （P=0.0001）. Cystatin C expression correlated inversely with cathepsin B expression in gliomas （P=0.01）. CONCLUSION Cystatin C and cathepsin B expression is related to the pathological grade and invasion of gliomas. Combining detection of cystatin C and cathepsin B expressions might provide significant information for clinical assessment of maglignant phenotypes and invasion of gliomas.

Analysis of Changing Factors on Airborne Allergenic Pollens Distribution in Taiyuan Downtown, North China

To study and analyse 2 surveys on airborne allergenic pollens distribution in Taiyuan Downtown, North China 30 years apart, the surveys focused on the phenomenon and the influence factors on types, counts, drift patterns, growth and decline rhythm and distribution features of airborne pollen with the same methods in the region in March 1977 to February 1978 and July 2008 to June 2009, respectively. The data of two airborne pollens surveys were treated with statistics, comparation and analysis, and the influence factors of pollen distribution in Taiyuan Downtown were explored. In the 2 surveys, 24 species and 35 species of pollen were collected in the region, respectively. Two pollen drift peaks were formed in spring and autumn in the two surveys. Artemisia L. is still the absolute dominant allergy airborne pollen. The types, counts, drift patterns and composition of pollen in air could be changed by the plants variation. Climate warming might affect pollen peak appearing time and lasting time, climate warming and Poplar & Willow contents changes in spring and autumn reversed the airborne pollen peak. It was found that Humulus L. had become the region’s main allergic pollen. Invasive strong allergen ragweed was spread to the inland city Taiyuan. Allergists should focus on exotic invasive harmful plants in the region.

Foxp3+调节性T细胞在肿瘤微环境中的研究进展

Foxp3+调节性T细胞(Regulator T cells,Treg)在促进肿瘤发生、发展、转移,调节肿瘤微环境(Tumor microenvironment,TME)中发挥重要的功能。本文以Foxp3+Treg在TME中表达、活化及功能的影响因素,靶向耗竭Foxp3+Treg细胞和分子重编辑作以综述,有助于肿瘤免疫治疗取得新的突破,为肿瘤免疫治疗提供新思路,开辟新的治疗路径。

Study on the apoptosis of Raji cell line induced by arsenic trioxide and its correlation with Survivin gene

Objective： To investigate the apoptosis induction by arsenic trioxide （As2O3） in Raji cells and its correlation with cell cycle arrest and expression of the Survivin gene. Methods： After Raji cells were treated with As2O3 in different concen- trations （1, 2, 4 and 8 pM）, for 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively, and cell proliferation was tested by MTT assay. Apoptosis was observed with electron microscope and DNA electrophoresis. The distribution of cell cycles and cell apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. Expression of the Survivin gene was determined by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Results： As2O3 （1-8 μM） inhibited Raji cells growth effectively in a dose- and time-dependent manner. As2O3 at 2-8μM could induce cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. However, As2O3（1 μM） inhibited Raji proliferation only by cell cycle arrest, without any symptoms of cell apoptosis. At the same time, Survivin gene expression was down-regulated after the treatment. Conclusion： As2O3 could induce substantial proliferation inhibition, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in Raji cell. Cell cycle arrest might be a reason why apoptosis occurs. As2O3 can markedly down-regulate expression of the Survivin gene in a dose- and timedependent manner. The down-regulated Survivin gene might be leading to cell apoptosis by As2O3.

Differences in Phosphorus Absorption and Utilization Efficiency of Soybean in Mature Period under Phosphorus Stress

In this study, four phosphorus-inefficient soybean genotypes （1903, 1305, D17 and D18） and four phosphorus-efficient soybean genotypes （D31, D34, D37 and D38 ） were selected as experimental materials for soil culture experiment under high and low phosphorus treatments, to investigate the grain yield, phosphorus content, phosphorus uptake and the relationship between phosphorus utilization efficiency and phosphorus efficiency of soybean genotypes with different phos- phorus efficiency in mature period. According to the experimental results, under low phosphorus treatment, four phosphorus-efficient soybean genotypes exhibited significantly high phosphorus uptake in mature period, especially for D31 and D37; however, three phosphorus-efficient genotypes showed no advantages in adapta- bility of phosphorus utilization efficiency, while only I）31 exhibited high phosphorus utilization and absorption capacity. Correlation analysis and path analysis showed that phosphorus deficiency of soybean was mainly detemained by phosphorus absorption capacity, and phosphorus deficiency under （-P） treatment was sig- nificandy higher than （ ＋ P） treatment. Phosphorus uptake and phosphorus utilization efficiency posed great direct effects on phosphorus efficiency, and phosphorus uptake exhibited a greater contribution ; in addition, these two factors both posed small indirect effects. In mature period at reproductive growth stage, phosphorus absorption efficiency （phosphorus uptake） was the main variation source of phosphorus efficiency of various soybean genotypes in mature period. Therefore, strong phosphorus uptake and accumulation capacity of phosphorus-efficient soybean genotypes in mature period is an important nutrition foundation for the information of high grain yield.