Traumatic brain injury and Alzheimer's disease share pathological similarities,including neuronal loss,amyloid-βdeposition,tau hyperphosphorylation,blood-brain barrier dysfunction,neuroinflammation,and cognitive ...Traumatic brain injury and Alzheimer's disease share pathological similarities,including neuronal loss,amyloid-βdeposition,tau hyperphosphorylation,blood-brain barrier dysfunction,neuroinflammation,and cognitive deficits.Furthermore,traumatic brain injury can exacerbate Alzheimer's disease-like pathologies,potentially leading to the development of Alzheimer's disease.Nanocarriers offer a potential solution by facilitating the delive ry of small interfering RNAs across the blood-brain barrier for the targeted silencing of key pathological genes implicated in traumatic brain injury and Alzheimer's disease.U nlike traditional approaches to neuro regeneration,this is a molecula r-targeted strategy,thus avoiding non-specific drug actions.This review focuses on the use of nanocarrier systems for the efficient and precise delive ry of siRNAs,discussing the advantages,challenges,and future directions.In principle,siRNAs have the potential to target all genes and non-targetable protein s,holding significant promise for treating various diseases.Among the various therapeutic approaches currently available for neurological diseases,siRNA gene silencing can precisely"turn off"the expression of any gene at the genetic level,thus radically inhibiting disease progression;however,a significant challenge lies in delivering siRNAs across the blood-brain barrier.Nanoparticles have received increasing attention as an innovative drug delive ry tool fo r the treatment of brain diseases.They are considered a potential therapeutic strategy with the advantages of being able to cross the blood-brain barrier,targeted drug delivery,enhanced drug stability,and multifunctional therapy.The use of nanoparticles to deliver specific modified siRNAs to the injured brain is gradually being recognized as a feasible and effective approach.Although this strategy is still in the preclinical exploration stage,it is expected to achieve clinical translation in the future,creating a new field of molecular targeted therapy and precision medicine for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease associated with traumatic brain injury.展开更多
[Objectives] To investigate the clinical efficacy of intermittent levosimendan in the treatment of acute heart failure. [Methods] 100 patients diagnosed with acute heart failure and hospitalized in the internal medici...[Objectives] To investigate the clinical efficacy of intermittent levosimendan in the treatment of acute heart failure. [Methods] 100 patients diagnosed with acute heart failure and hospitalized in the internal medicine-cardiovascular department in The First People s Hospital of Yulin from January 2019 to February 2020 were randomly divided into two groups, 50 cases in each group. Both groups were treated with conventional anti-heart failure drugs. The control group was given levosimendan once, and the observation group was given levosimendan three times, with an interval of one month. The creatinine (Cr) level, serum NT proBNP, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD) were observed at 48 h before and after treatment and one month and two months after treatment in both groups. [Results] Compared with before treatment, the levels of NT-proBNP decreased in the two groups at 48 h after treatment, and the difference was statistically significant ( P <0.05). The Cr level of the control group did not change significantly before and after treatment, and the Cr level of the observation group decreased at one and two months after treatment compared with before treatment, with statistically significant differences ( P <0.05). Compared with before treatment, NT-proBNP and LVEDD decreased and LVEF increased at one and two months after treatment, and the differences were statistically significant ( P <0.05). There were no obvious adverse reactions in the two groups of patients during the treatment. [Conclusions] Repetitive use of levosimendan in the treatment of acute heart failure could significantly improve the renal function, cardiac contractility and cardiac function of patients, and with the passage of time, the treatment effect was improved, which is worthy of clinical promotion.展开更多
The utilization of biowaste to the activated carbon(AC)as electrode material is conducive to alleviating the energy crisis and promoting the high value-added.The popular KOH activation has been applied for years,but r...The utilization of biowaste to the activated carbon(AC)as electrode material is conducive to alleviating the energy crisis and promoting the high value-added.The popular KOH activation has been applied for years,but rare report clarified the difference of dry and wet activation,with which the batch producing technique could be different.Here nitrogen doped hierarchical AC was derived from wood chip by a wet or dry KOH activation.The surface area,framework structure and surface feature were characterized to reveal the effect of wet and dry activation.1.44 at%of nitrogen doped AC was made by dry KOH activation,which was higher than the AC derived from wet KOH activation with 1.36 at%of nitrogen.Their electrochemical properties were investigated in 6 mol L^(-1)of KOH,the capacitance of wAC was 401 F g^(-1)at 0.5 A g^(-1),but dAC possessed a capacitance of 215 F g^(-1).These indicated that AC obtained by using wet KOH activation displayed a potential application in energy field.展开更多
Raw water from the Songhua River was treated by four types of coagulants, ferric chloride （FeC13）, aluminum sulfate （A12（504）3）, polyaluminum chloride （PACl） and composite polyaluminum （HPAC）, in order to re...Raw water from the Songhua River was treated by four types of coagulants, ferric chloride （FeC13）, aluminum sulfate （A12（504）3）, polyaluminum chloride （PACl） and composite polyaluminum （HPAC）, in order to remove dissolved organic matter （DOM）. Considering the disinfection byproduct （DBP） precursor treatability, DOM was divided into five chemical fractions based on resin adsorption. Trihalomethane formation potential （THMFP） and haloacetic acid formation potential （HAAFP） were measured for each fraction. The results showed that hydrophobic acids （HoA）, hydrophilic matter （HIM） and hydrophobic neutral （HoN） were the dominant fractions. Although both HoN and HoA were the main THM precursors, the contribution for THMFP changed after coagulation. Additionally, HoA and HiM were the main HAA precursors, while the contribution of HoN to HAAFP significantly increased after coagulation. HoM was more easily removed than HiM, no matter which coagulant was used, especially under enhanced coagulation conditions. DOC removal was highest for enhanced coagulation using FeCl3 while DBPFP was lowest using PAC1. This could indicate that not all DOC fractions contained the precursors of DBPs. Reduction of THMFP and HAAFP by PAC1 under enhanced coagulation could reach 51% and 59% respectively.展开更多
Correlations between raw water characteristics and pH after enhanced coagulation to maximize dissolved organic matter（DOM） removal using four typical coagulants（FeCl3,Al2（SO4）3,polyaluminum chloride（PACl） and h...Correlations between raw water characteristics and pH after enhanced coagulation to maximize dissolved organic matter（DOM） removal using four typical coagulants（FeCl3,Al2（SO4）3,polyaluminum chloride（PACl） and high performance polyaluminum chloride（HPAC）） without pH control were investigated.These correlations were analyzed on the basis of the raw water quality and the chemical and physical fractionations of DOM of thirteen Chinese source waters over three seasons.It was found that the final pH after enhanced coagulation for each of the four coagulants was in？uenced by the content of removable DOM（i.e.hydrophobic and higher apparent molecular weight（AMW） DOM）,the alkalinity and the initial pH of raw water.A set of feed-forward semi-empirical models relating the final pH after enhanced coagulation for each of the four coagulants with the raw water characteristics were developed and optimized based on correlation analysis.The established models were preliminarily validated for prediction purposes,and it was found that the deviation between the predicted data and actual data was low.This result demonstrated the potential for the application of these models in practical operation of drinking water treatment plants.展开更多
Eight typical drinking water supplies in China were selected in this study.Both source and tap water were used to investigate the occurrence of chlorinated disinfection byproducts（DBPs）,and seasonal variation in the...Eight typical drinking water supplies in China were selected in this study.Both source and tap water were used to investigate the occurrence of chlorinated disinfection byproducts（DBPs）,and seasonal variation in the concentrations of trihalomethanes（THMs） of seven water sources was compared.The results showed that the pollution level for source water in China,as shown by DBP formation potential,was low.The most encountered DBPs were chloroform,dichloroacetic acid,trichloroacetic acid,and chlorodibromoacetic acid.The concentration of every THMs and haloacetic acid（HAA） compound was under the limit of standards for drinking water quality.The highest total THMs concentrations were detected in spring.展开更多
Nematode sperm undergo a drastic physiological change during spermiogenesis(sperm activation).Unlike mammalian flagellated sperm,nematode sperm are amoeboid cells and their motility is driven by the dynamics of a cyto...Nematode sperm undergo a drastic physiological change during spermiogenesis(sperm activation).Unlike mammalian flagellated sperm,nematode sperm are amoeboid cells and their motility is driven by the dynamics of a cytoskeleton composed of major sperm protein(MSP)rather than actin found in other crawling cells.This review focuses on sperm from Caenorhabditis elegans and Ascaris suum to address the roles of external and internal factors that trigger sperm activation and power sperm motility.Nematode sperm can be activated in vitro by several factors,including Pronase and ionophores,and in vivo through the TRY-5 and SPE-8 pathways.Moreover,protease and protease inhibitors are crucial regulators of sperm maturation.MSP-based sperm motility involves a coupled process of protrusion and retraction,both of which have been reconstituted in vitro.Sperm motility is mediated by phosphorylation signals,as illustrated by identification of several key components(MPOP,MFPs and MPAK)in Ascaris and the characterization of GSP-3/4 in C.elegans.展开更多
基金supported by Open Project of the Key Laboratory of Trauma and Orthopedics Research Medicine in Henan Province,No.HZKFKT20220504(to YZ)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.32000877(to YZ)and Open Scientific Research Program of Military Logistics,No.BLB20J009(to YZ)。
文摘Traumatic brain injury and Alzheimer's disease share pathological similarities,including neuronal loss,amyloid-βdeposition,tau hyperphosphorylation,blood-brain barrier dysfunction,neuroinflammation,and cognitive deficits.Furthermore,traumatic brain injury can exacerbate Alzheimer's disease-like pathologies,potentially leading to the development of Alzheimer's disease.Nanocarriers offer a potential solution by facilitating the delive ry of small interfering RNAs across the blood-brain barrier for the targeted silencing of key pathological genes implicated in traumatic brain injury and Alzheimer's disease.U nlike traditional approaches to neuro regeneration,this is a molecula r-targeted strategy,thus avoiding non-specific drug actions.This review focuses on the use of nanocarrier systems for the efficient and precise delive ry of siRNAs,discussing the advantages,challenges,and future directions.In principle,siRNAs have the potential to target all genes and non-targetable protein s,holding significant promise for treating various diseases.Among the various therapeutic approaches currently available for neurological diseases,siRNA gene silencing can precisely"turn off"the expression of any gene at the genetic level,thus radically inhibiting disease progression;however,a significant challenge lies in delivering siRNAs across the blood-brain barrier.Nanoparticles have received increasing attention as an innovative drug delive ry tool fo r the treatment of brain diseases.They are considered a potential therapeutic strategy with the advantages of being able to cross the blood-brain barrier,targeted drug delivery,enhanced drug stability,and multifunctional therapy.The use of nanoparticles to deliver specific modified siRNAs to the injured brain is gradually being recognized as a feasible and effective approach.Although this strategy is still in the preclinical exploration stage,it is expected to achieve clinical translation in the future,creating a new field of molecular targeted therapy and precision medicine for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease associated with traumatic brain injury.
基金Supported by Scientific Research and Technology Development Program of Yulin City(20204031).
文摘[Objectives] To investigate the clinical efficacy of intermittent levosimendan in the treatment of acute heart failure. [Methods] 100 patients diagnosed with acute heart failure and hospitalized in the internal medicine-cardiovascular department in The First People s Hospital of Yulin from January 2019 to February 2020 were randomly divided into two groups, 50 cases in each group. Both groups were treated with conventional anti-heart failure drugs. The control group was given levosimendan once, and the observation group was given levosimendan three times, with an interval of one month. The creatinine (Cr) level, serum NT proBNP, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD) were observed at 48 h before and after treatment and one month and two months after treatment in both groups. [Results] Compared with before treatment, the levels of NT-proBNP decreased in the two groups at 48 h after treatment, and the difference was statistically significant ( P <0.05). The Cr level of the control group did not change significantly before and after treatment, and the Cr level of the observation group decreased at one and two months after treatment compared with before treatment, with statistically significant differences ( P <0.05). Compared with before treatment, NT-proBNP and LVEDD decreased and LVEF increased at one and two months after treatment, and the differences were statistically significant ( P <0.05). There were no obvious adverse reactions in the two groups of patients during the treatment. [Conclusions] Repetitive use of levosimendan in the treatment of acute heart failure could significantly improve the renal function, cardiac contractility and cardiac function of patients, and with the passage of time, the treatment effect was improved, which is worthy of clinical promotion.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2021D01A03)Project of Tian chi talent leader in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022).
文摘The utilization of biowaste to the activated carbon(AC)as electrode material is conducive to alleviating the energy crisis and promoting the high value-added.The popular KOH activation has been applied for years,but rare report clarified the difference of dry and wet activation,with which the batch producing technique could be different.Here nitrogen doped hierarchical AC was derived from wood chip by a wet or dry KOH activation.The surface area,framework structure and surface feature were characterized to reveal the effect of wet and dry activation.1.44 at%of nitrogen doped AC was made by dry KOH activation,which was higher than the AC derived from wet KOH activation with 1.36 at%of nitrogen.Their electrochemical properties were investigated in 6 mol L^(-1)of KOH,the capacitance of wAC was 401 F g^(-1)at 0.5 A g^(-1),but dAC possessed a capacitance of 215 F g^(-1).These indicated that AC obtained by using wet KOH activation displayed a potential application in energy field.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32270774,31671400,81971439,32070694,31571436,31872822,and 31301153)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0503502,2016YFA0500903,2021YFC2700200,2017YFA0504600,and 2019YFA0508700)funded by the National Institutes of Health Office of Research Infrastructure Programs(P40 OD010440)。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51025830, 51008293)the Funds for the Creative Research Groups of China (No. 51221892)
文摘Raw water from the Songhua River was treated by four types of coagulants, ferric chloride （FeC13）, aluminum sulfate （A12（504）3）, polyaluminum chloride （PACl） and composite polyaluminum （HPAC）, in order to remove dissolved organic matter （DOM）. Considering the disinfection byproduct （DBP） precursor treatability, DOM was divided into five chemical fractions based on resin adsorption. Trihalomethane formation potential （THMFP） and haloacetic acid formation potential （HAAFP） were measured for each fraction. The results showed that hydrophobic acids （HoA）, hydrophilic matter （HIM） and hydrophobic neutral （HoN） were the dominant fractions. Although both HoN and HoA were the main THM precursors, the contribution for THMFP changed after coagulation. Additionally, HoA and HiM were the main HAA precursors, while the contribution of HoN to HAAFP significantly increased after coagulation. HoM was more easily removed than HiM, no matter which coagulant was used, especially under enhanced coagulation conditions. DOC removal was highest for enhanced coagulation using FeCl3 while DBPFP was lowest using PAC1. This could indicate that not all DOC fractions contained the precursors of DBPs. Reduction of THMFP and HAAFP by PAC1 under enhanced coagulation could reach 51% and 59% respectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50921064,51025830)the National Basic Research Program (973) of China(No. 2011CB933700)the Special Co-construction Project of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education
文摘Correlations between raw water characteristics and pH after enhanced coagulation to maximize dissolved organic matter（DOM） removal using four typical coagulants（FeCl3,Al2（SO4）3,polyaluminum chloride（PACl） and high performance polyaluminum chloride（HPAC）） without pH control were investigated.These correlations were analyzed on the basis of the raw water quality and the chemical and physical fractionations of DOM of thirteen Chinese source waters over three seasons.It was found that the final pH after enhanced coagulation for each of the four coagulants was in？uenced by the content of removable DOM（i.e.hydrophobic and higher apparent molecular weight（AMW） DOM）,the alkalinity and the initial pH of raw water.A set of feed-forward semi-empirical models relating the final pH after enhanced coagulation for each of the four coagulants with the raw water characteristics were developed and optimized based on correlation analysis.The established models were preliminarily validated for prediction purposes,and it was found that the deviation between the predicted data and actual data was low.This result demonstrated the potential for the application of these models in practical operation of drinking water treatment plants.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51025830,50921064)the S&T Research Project of Guangdong Province(No. 2009A080303007)the Hi-Tech Research and Development Program(863) of China(No.2006AA06Z312)
文摘Eight typical drinking water supplies in China were selected in this study.Both source and tap water were used to investigate the occurrence of chlorinated disinfection byproducts（DBPs）,and seasonal variation in the concentrations of trihalomethanes（THMs） of seven water sources was compared.The results showed that the pollution level for source water in China,as shown by DBP formation potential,was low.The most encountered DBPs were chloroform,dichloroacetic acid,trichloroacetic acid,and chlorodibromoacetic acid.The concentration of every THMs and haloacetic acid（HAA） compound was under the limit of standards for drinking water quality.The highest total THMs concentrations were detected in spring.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Nos.2012CB94502,2010CB912303)(to L.M.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31171337 and 30971648)(to L.M.)+1 种基金Grant Nos.30871226 and 31071180(to Y.Z.)supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences 100-Talents Program.
文摘Nematode sperm undergo a drastic physiological change during spermiogenesis(sperm activation).Unlike mammalian flagellated sperm,nematode sperm are amoeboid cells and their motility is driven by the dynamics of a cytoskeleton composed of major sperm protein(MSP)rather than actin found in other crawling cells.This review focuses on sperm from Caenorhabditis elegans and Ascaris suum to address the roles of external and internal factors that trigger sperm activation and power sperm motility.Nematode sperm can be activated in vitro by several factors,including Pronase and ionophores,and in vivo through the TRY-5 and SPE-8 pathways.Moreover,protease and protease inhibitors are crucial regulators of sperm maturation.MSP-based sperm motility involves a coupled process of protrusion and retraction,both of which have been reconstituted in vitro.Sperm motility is mediated by phosphorylation signals,as illustrated by identification of several key components(MPOP,MFPs and MPAK)in Ascaris and the characterization of GSP-3/4 in C.elegans.
