Regulation of the growth of sprouting roots of black locust seedlings using root barrier panels

How can we regulate an invasive alien species of high commercial value?Black locust(Robinia pseudoacacia L.)has a unique capacity for seed dispersal and high germination.Field surveys indicate that black locust increases its growing area with sprouting roots and the elongation of horizontal roots at a soil depth of 10 cm.Therefore,a method to regulate the development of horizontal roots could be eff ective in slowing the invasiveness of black locust.In this study,root barrier panels were tested to inhibit the growth of horizontal roots.Since it is labor intensive to observe the growth of roots in the fi eld,it was investigated in a nursery setting.The decrease in secondary fl ush,an increase in yellowed leafl ets,and the height in the seedlings were measured.Installing root barrier panels to a depth of 30 cm eff ectively inhibit the growth of horizontal roots of young black locust.

Analysis of Decoupling of Economic Growth and Resource Consumption in China’s Marine Fishery

The marine fishery resources are declining with the increase of fishing intensity, and the sustainable development of marine fishery economy has become the focus of attention. In this paper, the economic loss of marine natural fishery resources is taken as the undesired output. The SBM model is used to evaluate the economic efficiency of marine fisheries in 11 provinces and cities in China’s coastal areas from 2004 to 2015. Based on this, decoupling theory is adopted to analyze the spatial and temporal evolution pattern of marine fishery economic efficiency and resource consumption in various provinces and cities. The results show that: 1) Based on the perspective of time and space, the economic efficiency of marine fisheries in 11 provinces and cities along the coast of China is polarized and has not been effectively improved, indicating that the level of fishery economic development in China’s coastal areas is unbalanced;2) Based on the overall perspective, the overall economic efficiency of China’s marine fisheries is low, indicating that China’s marine fishery economy is developing at a slower rate;3) Based on the perspective of decoupling theory, the economic efficiency of marine fisheries in China and the consumption of fishery resources have shown a trend in the research period. The structure of China’s marine fishery industry, which is dominated by traditional fisheries, needs to be adjusted.

Tectonic controls on ore deposit exhumation and preservation:A case study of the Handan-Xingtai iron-skarn district

Despite the growing concern regarding post-mineralization thermo-tectonic processes in recent years,the relative roles in exhuming and preserving ore deposits remain highly controversial.This study presents new apatite fission track and(U-Th)/He data from the Xishimen iron skarn deposit in the Handan-Xingtai district,central North China Craton.Apatite fission track dating yielded central ages ranging from 88±18 Ma to 125±9 Ma,with mean confined track lengths varying between 11.9±0.4μm and 13.3±0.2μm.Integrated apatite(U-Th)/He dating provided ages of 42.5±0.8 Ma to 48.1±3.3 Ma.Our new data,combined with previous zircon U-Pb and potassium-bearing mineral^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar ages,revealed three cooling episodes:very rapid cooling(100–140℃/Ma)at ca.130–120 Ma,a protracted slow cooling period(0.2–0.4℃/Ma)at ca.120–50 Ma,and moderate cooling(0.8–1.0℃/Ma)since ca.50 Ma.The initial rapid cooling phase was primarily attributed to post-magmatic thermal equilibration following the shallow emplacement of the Xishimen deposit.The subsequent cooling phases were controlled by uplift and exhumation processes.Our thermal models indicate an estimated total unroofing thickness of<3 km,which is shallower than the emplacement depth of the ore deposit(3–5 km).This suggests significant potential for mineral exploration.Furthermore,a comprehensive review of preservation mechanisms for various ore deposits underscores the significant role of tectonics in both exhuming and preserving ore bodies.

Nullification of GFTs fortifies bioactive folates in foxtail millet

Folates—tetrahydrofolate(THF)and its derivatives(also known collectively as vitamin B9)—are essential micronutrients for almost all living organisms.Acting as carriers of one-carbon(C1)units,folates participate in the biosynthesis of numerous biomolecules and play central roles in cellular methylation reactions(Strobbe and Van Der Straeten,2017).

我国杂粮种质资源创新研究:现状与展望

该文系统综述了我国杂粮种质资源保存、鉴定评价、创新利用、基因资源挖掘研究现状,以及基础研究存在的问题和挑战,并提出杂粮研究的重点和发展方向。

Active dry yeast supplementation benefits ruminal fermentation,bacterial community,blood immunoglobulins,and growth performance in young dairy goats,but not for intermittent supplementation

This study evaluated the effects of active dry yeast(ADY)supplementation and supplementation stra-tegies on ruminal fermentation,bacterial community,blood metabolites,and growth performance in young dairy goats.Sixty young female Guanzhong dairy goats of similar age(4.00±0.50 months)and BW(19.65±0.41 kg)were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=20):(1)basal diet group(CON);(2)basal diet continuously supplemented with 3.0 g/goat per day commercial ADY(a proprietary strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with 5.0×10^(9)cfu/g)group(CSY);(3)basal diet with intermittently supple-mented ADY group(ISY;5 d supplementation with ADY at 4.5 g/goat per day following 5 d of no sup-plementation).The experiment lasted 67 d with the first 7 d as an adaptive period.Rumen fluid and blood samples were collected bi-weekly.Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure combined with the SLICE option in SAS.Specific orthogonal contrasts of ADY vs.CON and CSY vs.ISY were also analyzed.During the experimental period,ADY supplementation resulted in greater DMI(P=0.03),ruminal ac-etate proportion(P<0.01)and acetylesterase activity(P=0.01),and blood contents of glucose(P=0.01)and IgM(P=0.02)and tended to have greater ADG(P=0.05)and paunch girth(P=0.06)than the CON,despite the propionate proportion(P=0.03)and contents of total protein(P=0.04)and IgA(P=0.03)being lower.The lower ruminal NH_(3)-N(P<0.01)and blood urea nitrogen(P=0.07)contents indicated greater nitrogen utilization with ADY supplementation.ADY supplementation showed persistent effects after it was stopped because the BW at 12 months of age(P=0.03)and birth weight of lambs(P=0.02)were greater than the CON.However,the ISY did not show those benefits and had significantly lower relative abundances of fiber-degrading related bacteria than the CSY.In conclusion,ADY supplementa-tion,especially continuously supplemented,may enhance ADG and ADG:DMI ratio by improving DMI,ruminal cellulolytic bacteria abundance and enzyme activity,nitrogen utilization,and immune status.These findings provide a theoretical basis for the rational application of ADY and have important practical implications for the design of nutritional strategies in growing dairy goats.

Rumen bacterial cluster identification and its influence on rumen metabolites and growth performance of young goats

Enterotypes,which are defined as bacterial clusters in the gut microbiome,have been found to have a close relationship to host metabolism and health.However,this concept has never been used in the rumen,and little is known about the complex biological relationships between ruminants and their rumen bacterial clusters.In this study,we used young goats(n=99)as a model,fed them the same diet,and analyzed their rumen microbiome and corresponding bacterial clusters.The relationships between the bacterial clusters and rumen fermentation and growth performance in the goats were further investigated.Two bacterial clusters were identified in all goats:the P-cluster(dominated by genus Prevotella,n=38)and R-cluster(dominated by Ruminococcus,n=61).Compared with P-cluster goats,Rcluster goats had greater growth rates,concentrations of propionate,butyrate,and 18 free amino acids)and proportion of unsaturated fatty acids,but lower acetate molar percentage,acetate to propionate ratio,and several odd and branched chain and saturated fatty acids in rumen fluid(P<0.05).Several members of Firmicutes,including Ruminococcus,Oscillospiraceae NK4A214 group,and Christensenellaceae R-7 group were significantly higher in the R-cluster,whereas Prevotellaceae members,such as Prevotella and Prevotellaceae UCG-003,were significantly higher in P-cluster(P<0.01).Co-occurrence networks showed that R-cluster enriched bacteria had significant negative correlations with P-cluster enriched bacteria(P<0.05).Moreover,we found the concentrations of propionate,butyrate and free amino acids,and the proportions of unsaturated fatty acids were positively correlated with R-cluster enriched bacteria(P<0.05).The concentrations of acetate,acetate to propionate ratio,and the proportion of odd and branched chain and saturated fatty acids were positively correlated with P-cluster enriched bacteria(P<0.05).Overall,our results indicated that rumen bacterial clusters can influence rumen fermentation and growth performance of young goats,which may shed light on modulating the rumen microbiome in early life to improve the growth performance of ruminant animals.