High-pressure study on calcium azide(Ca(N_(3))_(2)):Bending of azide ions stabilizes the structure

The high-pressure structure and elastic properties of calcium azide(Ca(N_(3))_(2))were investigated using in-situ highpressure x-ray diffraction and Raman scattering up to 54 GPa and 19 GPa,respectively.The compressibility of Ca(N_(3))_(2)changed as the pressure increased,and no phase transition occurred within the pressure from ambient pressure up to 54 GPa.The measured zero-pressure bulk modulus of Ca(N_(3))_(2)is higher than that of other alkali metal azides,due to differences in the ionic character of their metal-azide bonds.Using CASTEP,all vibration modes of Ca(N_(3))_(2)were accurately identified in the vibrational spectrum at ambient pressure.In the high-pressure vibration study,several external modes(ext.)and internal bending modes(ν_(2))of azide anions(N_(3)^(-))softened up to~7 GPa and then hardened beyond that pressure.This evidence is consistent with the variation observed in the F_(E)–f_(E)data analyzed from the XRD result,where the slope of the curve changes at 7.1 GPa.The main behaviors under pressure are the alternating compression,rotation,and bending of N_(3)^(-)ions.The bending behavior makes the structure of Ca(N_(3))_(2)more stable under pressure.

A new production component method for natural gas development planning

Based on an analysis of the limitations of conventional production component methods for natural gas development planning,this study proposes a new one that uses life cycle models for the trend fitting and prediction of production.In this new method,the annual production of old and new wells is predicted by year first and then is summed up to yield the production for the planning period.It shows that the changes in the production of old wells in old blocks can be fitted and predicted using the vapor pressure model(VPM),with precision of 80%e95%,which is 6.6%e13.2%higher than that of other life cycle models.Furthermore,a new production prediction process and method for new wells have been established based on this life cycle model to predict the production of medium-to-shallow gas reservoirs in western Sichuan Basin,with predication error of production rate in 2021 and 2022 being 6%and 3%respectively.The new method can be used to guide the medium-and long-term planning or annual scheme preparation for gas development.It is also applicable to planning for large single gas blocks that require continuous infill drilling and adjustment to improve gas recovery.

Hemoperfusion and continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration for eliminating chlorfenapyr in poisoning patients

Chlorfenapyr is a liposoluble insecticide belonging to the pyrrole family.Chlorfenapyr is activated when the N-ethoxymethyl side chain breaks,forming a toxic metabolite,which uncouples oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria,inhibits the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP),and leads to the death of cells and targe organisms.[1] Symptoms of chlorfenapyr poisoning in patients are mild and atypical in the early stage,especially in patients receiving low dose exposure;however,such cases are rare and may be ignored by physicians,often leading to delayed treatment.[2,3].

Production forecasting methods for different types of gas reservoirs

Hydrocarbon production in oil and gas fields generally progresses through stages of production ramp-up,plateau(peak),and decline during field development,with the whole process primarily modeled and forecasted using lifecycle models.SINOPEC's conventional gas reservoirs are dominated by carbonates,low-permeability tight sandstone,condensate,volcanic rocks,and medium-to-high-permeability sandstone.This study identifies the optimal production forecasting models by comparing the fitting coefficients of different models and calculating the relative errors in technically recoverable reserves.To improve forecast precision,it suggests substituting exponential smoothing method-derived predictions for anomalous data caused by subjective influences like market dynamics and maintenance activities.The preferred models for carbonate gas reservoir production forecasts are the generalized Weng's,Beta,Class-I generalized mathematical,and Hu-Chen models.The Vapor pressure and Beta models are optimal for forecasting the annual productivity of wells(APW)from gas-bearing low-permeability tight sandstone reservoirs.The Wang-Li,Beta,and Yu QT tb models are apt for moderate-to-small-reserves,single low-permeability tight sandstone gas reservoirs.The Rayleigh,Hu-Chen,and generalized Weng's models are suitable for condensate gas reservoirs.For medium-to-high-permeability sandstone gas reservoirs,the lognormal,generalized gamma,and Beta models are recommended.

Celastrol promotes apoptosis of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells by targeting HSDL2

Objective:Celastrol is a pentacyclic triterpenoid extracted from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb,Tripterygium wilfordii.This study aims to provide a scientific basis for the rational development and use of celastrol in breast cancer.Method:A quantitative chemical biology approach was used to investigate the protein targets and molecular mechanisms of celastrol in breast cancer cells.Results:Low-concentration celastrol exerted an anti-tumor effect by directly binding to hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-like 2(HSDL2)and inhibiting its expression.Moreover,the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein,Bcl-2-associated X(BaX),increased,the level of the anti-apoptotic protein,B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2),decreased,and the rate of apoptosis increased.After the transfection of cells with si-HSDL2,the apoptosis rate was similar to that observed after the administration of celastrol.However,apoptosis was reversed by the overexpression of HSDL2.Furthermore,our mass spectrometry(MS)data indicated a relationship between HSDL2 and the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling pathway.We also found that the expression of HSDL2 was directly related to the degree of extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)phosphorylation.Conclusion:Celastrol may promote apoptosis by suppressing the HSDL2/MAPK/ERK signaling pathway.

Jianpi Fuzheng Decoction in the Treatment of Gastric Cancer-Related Fatigue

Objective:To observe the clinical effects of Jianpi Fuzheng Decoction in patients with gastric cancer and cancer-related fatigue(CRF).Methods:Using the random number table method as a reference,68 cases of gastric CRF were randomly divided into two groups.One group served as the control group and received basic treatment,while the other was the observation group.The observation group,in addition to the control group’s treatment,received Jianpi Fuzheng Decoction.The clinical treatment effectiveness,fatigue scores,immune function indicators,and treatment safety were compared between the two groups.Results:The total clinical treatment effectiveness of the observation group and the improvement in immune function indicators after treatment were higher than those of the control group.The fatigue score after treatment was lower in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).No serious adverse reactions occurred during the treatment in either group.Conclusion:Jianpi Fuzheng Decoction can enhance the clinical treatment effectiveness for gastric cancer patients with CRF.It facilitates the acceleration of fatigue symptom improvement and immune function enhancement.The medication’s safety is guaranteed,making it worthy of promotion.

Analysis of the Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Abnormal Bone Density in Male Long-Distance Runners from Different Regions in China

Objective: To investigate the occurrence pattern of abnormal bone density in male long-distance runners from several different regions of China, and provide a basis for elucidating the influences of geo-environmental differences on bone density. Methods: We employed a set of well-designed exclusion-inclusion criteria to recruit study subjects, in which compounding factors were managed and regional environmental traits were fully incorporated. WHO (World Health Organization) criteria for the diagnosis of osteoporosis were then used to examine the subjects to determine occurrence of abnormal bone density. The resulting data were analyzed using methods of spatial statistics, which included several approaches, such as spatial autocorrelation, hot spot analysis, and Geodetector Software analysis, to depict and analyze the spatial distribution of abnormal bone density in male athletes from different regions in China, thereby investigating the influences of geo-environmental factors (e.g., temperature, humidity, and altitude) on bone density. Results: A total of 685 subjects were effectively examined in this study, including 486 with normal bone density, 185 with osteopenia, and 14 with osteoporosis. Spatial distribution analysis revealed that the distribution of subjects with abnormal bone density overall exhibited a pattern indicating that the level of abnormal bone density in the eastern regions was higher than that in the western regions and that the levels of abnormal bone density in the southern and northern regions were higher than that in the middle regions. Spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed a Moran’s I = 0.136, Z-score = 1.114, and P value = 0.265 and indicated that the athletes with abnormal bone density were randomly distributed in each region. Hot spot analysis revealed that Tibet and Qinghai displayed distributions of cold spots. Geodetector Software analysis yielded a Q value for annual average temperature of 1.000 and a corresponding P value of 0.000, and the results revealed that temperature significantly affected bone density and that altitude, relative humidity, sunlight hours, and temperature variations displayed synergistic effects on bone density and could diminish the influences of temperature on bone density. Conclusion: Our data revealed that different regions displayed different distribution patterns of abnormal bone density such that the level in the eastern regions was higher than that in the western ones and that the levels in the southern and northern regions were higher than that in the middle regions;specifically, the provinces of Yunnan, Heilongjiang, Hainan, and Inner Mongolia had high rates of abnormal bone density, whereas Tibet and Qinghai had relatively good conditions of bone density. Our data suggested that suitable temperature changes and appropriate levels of temperature variations can decrease the occurrence rates of osteopenia and osteoporosis.

Porphyromonas gingivalis infection promotes mitochondrial dysfunction through Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission in endothelial cells

Porphyromonas gingivalis(P.gingivalis),a key pathogen in periodontitis,has been shown to accelerate the progression of atherosclerosis(AS).However,the definite mechanisms remain elusive.Emerging evidence supports an association between mitochondrial dysfunction and AS.In our study,the impact of P.gingivalis on mitochondrial dysfunction and the potential mechanism were investigated.The mitochondrial morphology of EA.hy926 cells infected with P.gingivalis was assessed by transmission electron microscopy,mitochondrial staining,and quantitative analysis of the mitochondrial network.Fluorescence staining and flow cytometry analysis were performed to determine mitochondrial reactive oxygen species(mtROS)and mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP)levels.Cellular ATP production was examined by a luminescence assay kit.The expression of key fusion and fission proteins was evaluated by western blot and immunofluorescence.Mdivi-1,a specific Drp1 inhibitor,was used to elucidate the role of Drp1 in mitochondrial dysfunction.Our findings showed that P.gingivalis infection induced mitochondrial fragmentation,increased the mtROS levels,and decreased the MMP and ATP concentration in vascular endothelial cells.We observed upregulation of Drp1(Ser616)phosphorylation and translocation of Drp1 to mitochondria.Mdivi-1 blocked the mitochondrial fragmentation and dysfunction induced by P.gingivalis.Collectively,these results revealed that P.gingivalis infection promoted mitochondrial fragmentation and dysfunction,which was dependent on Drp1.Mitochondrial dysfunction may represent the mechanism by which P.gingivalis exacerbates atherosclerotic lesions.

A highly efficient protein corona-based proteomic analysis strategy for the discovery of pharmacodynamic biomarkers

The composition of serum is extremely complex,which complicates the discovery of new pharmacodynamic biomarkers via serum proteome for disease prediction and diagnosis.Recently,nanoparticles have been reported to efficiently reduce the proportion of high-abundance proteins and enrich lowabundance proteins in serum.Here,we synthesized a silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticle and developed a highly efficient and reproducible protein corona(PC)-based proteomic analysis strategy to improve the range of serum proteomic analysis.We identified 1,070 proteins with a median coefficient of variation of 12.56%using PC-based proteomic analysis,which was twice the number of proteins identified by direct digestion.There were also more biological processes enriched with these proteins.We applied this strategy to identify more pharmacodynamic biomarkers on collagen-induced arthritis(CIA)rat model treated with methotrexate(MTX).The bioinformatic results indicated that 485 differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)were found in CIA rats,of which 323 DEPs recovered to near normal levels after treatment with MTX.This strategy can not only help enhance our understanding of the mechanisms of disease and drug action through serum proteomics studies,but also provide more pharmacodynamic biomarkers for disease prediction,diagnosis,and treatment.

Two Alternative Routes to MS_2 Nanotubes

Inorganic tubular nanostructure MS2 （M=Mo, W, Nb, Ta） were synthesized by two alternative routes. Thermal decomposition method was used for producing fullerence-like MS2 （M=Mo, W） nanotubes on Al2O3 template using ammonium sulfur respectively; NbS2, and TaS2 nanotubes were obtained successfully by reducing corresponding metal trisulfide in a stream of H2 （mixed with N2 in some cases） at elevated temperatures.Detailed experimental procedure, and the characterization of associated results, were evaluated using X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and high resolution transmission electron microscopy （HRTEM）. The result reveals that products are composed of high density of MS2 tubular nanostructures with the diameter of 100 nm and length of tens of micrometers. And no mistake, these 1-D （one-dimensional） tubular nanomaterials added quantities and varieties in the growing family of nanotubes of inorganic layered materials.

Apoptosis of Hela cell induced by Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb extract and primary mechanisms

Objective： The apoptosis of Hela cells induced by ethyl acetate extract and n-butanol extract of Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb was studied in order to assess its antitumor effect. Methods： Hela cells were cultured in vitro and treated by a series of concentrations of ethyl acetate extract and n-butanol extract of Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb. Cell proliferation was detected based on MTT assay. Quantity of apoptosis were observed and analyzed by flow cytometry with Annexin V and propidium iodide double staining. P53 gene expression was detected by flow cytometry. Results： The proliferation of Hela cells was obviously inhibited by 15, 30, 60 and 120 IJg/mL extract of Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb and apoptosis of Hela was induced by dosed dependent manner. P53 gene showed increasing tendency when treated by 60-480 IJg/mL extract of Celas- trus orbiculatus Thunb. Conclusion： The ethyl acetate extract and n-butanol extract of Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb could induce apoptosis of Hela gastric cancer cells by dose dependent manner, which maybe one of the important mechanisms of Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb＇s anticancer effects. P53 protein expression in Hela was up-regulated by Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb, which maybe one of the molecular mechanisms involved in the anticancer and proapoptotic effect of Celastrus or- biculatus Thunb.

An Investigation into Disease Progression and the Correlation between Diabetes Mellitus and Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Diabetes mellitus has been associated with anincreased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in recent studies ofpatients. At the same time, advanced hepatocellular carcinomaitself can cause glucose intolerance and can aggravate diabetes.Diabetes mellitus inducing hepatocellular carcinoma may resultin changes in the following aspects: dysfunction of organism,endocrine hormone balance and interactions, endothelins andso on. One way, diabetes mellitus may induce hepatocellularcarcinoma through the effects of chemotherapeutics and otheradjuvant drugs. This review outlines the relationship betweendiabetes mellitus and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma as wellas treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma, which may be helpfulfor clinicians.

Effects of Vasculogenic Mimicry on Postoperative Recurrence and Progression of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Vasculogenic mimicry(VM)in lung cancer shortens overall survival(OS)but its'associations with postoperative recurrence and progression of early non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)remain unclear.The purpose of this study was to analyze the association of VM with postoperative recurrence and progression of NSCLC as well as the effect of VM on postoperative recurrence-free survival(RFS).This study included NSCLC patients and detected VM in surgical specimens.The associations ofVM with the recurrence and progression were analyzed to assess the effect ofVM on postoperative RFS in NSCLC.A total of 80 NSCLC cases were followed up for 3 years.During follow-up,35 cases showed recurrence and progression where 5(6.25%)cases had simple local recurrence and the other 30(37.5%)cases had distant metastasis.The recurrence and progression rates in the first,second,and third years were 12.50%,23.75%,and 7.50%,respectively.The median RFS was 14.2 months.VM was detected in 30 out of 80 cases and was significantly correlated with tumor differentiation(r=0.365)and clinical stage(r=0.374)(both,P=0.001).Local recurrence of NSCLC was not correlated with VM,unlike distant metastasis(r=0.598,P<0.001).Average RFS was significantly longer in NSCLC patients without VM compared with the VM group 3 years post-operation(32 months versus 18 months,log-rank test P<0.001).Considering these,VM is significantly correlated with postoperative distant metastasis of NSCLC in which it is of a certain value for predicting poor prognosis in NSCLC.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1(PGC-1)family in physiological and pathophysiological process and diseases

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1(PGC-1)family(PGC-1s),consisting of three members encompassing PGC-1a,PGC-1β,and PGC-1-related coactivator(PRC),was discovered more than a quarter-century ago.PGC-1s are essential coordinators of many vital cellular events,including mitochondrial functions,oxidative stress,endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis,and inflammation.Accumulating evidence has shown that PGC-1s are implicated in many diseases,such as cancers,cardiac diseases and cardiovascular diseases,neurological disorders,kidney diseases,motor system diseases,and metabolic disorders.Examining the upstream modulators and co-activated partners of PGC-1s and identifying critical biological events modulated by downstream effectors of PGC-1s contribute to the presentation of the elaborate network of PGC-1s.Furthermore,discussing the correlation between PGC-1s and diseases as well as summarizing the therapy targeting PGC-1s helps make individualized and precise intervention methods.In this review,we summarize basic knowledge regarding the PGC-1s family as well as the molecular regulatory network,discuss the physio-pathological roles of PGc-1s in human diseases,review the application of PGC-1s,including the diagnostic and prognostic value of PGC-1s and several therapies in pre-clinical studies,and suggest several directions for future investigations.This review presents the immense potential of targeting PGC-1s in the treatment of diseases and hopefully facilitates the promotion of PGC-1s as new therapeutic targets.

p53 modifications:exquisite decorations ofthe powerful guardian

The last 40 years have witnessed how p53 rose from a viral binding protein to a central factor in both stress responses and tumor suppression.The exquisite regulation of p53 functions is of vital importance for cell fate decisions.Among the multiple layers of mechanisms controlling p53 function,posttranslational modifications (PTMs) represent an efficient and precise way.Major p53 PTMs include phosphorylation,ubiquitination,acetylation,and methylation.Meanwhile,other PTMs like sumoylation,neddylation,O-GlcNAcylation,adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation,hydroxylation,and p-hydroxybutyrylation are also shown to play various roles in p53 regulation.By independent action or interaction,PTMs affect p53 stability,conformation,localization,and binding partners.Deregulation of the PTM-related pathway is among the major causes of p53-associated developmental disorders or diseases,especially in cancers.This review focuses on the roles of different p53 modification types and shows how these modifications are orchestrated to produce various outcomes by modulating p53 activities or targeted to treat different diseases caused by p53 dysregulation.

Celastrus orbiculatus extract induces mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the apoptotic effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of Celastrus orbiculatus （C. orbiculatus） extract in human hepa- tocellular carcinoma cells. METHODS： Human hepatocellular carcinoma cells （HCCLM6） were treated with C. orbiculatus extract （COE） at different nontoxic concentrations （10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 IJg/mL）. The effect of COE on HC-CLM6 viability was examined using 3-（4,5-dimethyl- thiazol-2-yl）-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide （MTT） assays. Cellular apoptosis following COE treatment was assessed by flow cytometry and western blot analysis. RESULTS： COE significantly inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis of HCCLM6 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Apoptosis was accompa- nied by increased Bax expression and decreased Bcl-2 expression. In addition, COE treatment led to the release of cytochrome c, activation of cas- pase-3, and cleavage of poly （ADP-ribose） poly- merase （PARP）. Furthermore, activation of extracel- lular signal-regulated kinase （ERK）, p38 kinase, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase （JNK） phosphorylation, and down-regulation of Akt phosphorylation was ob- served. CONCLUSION： COE induces mitochondrial-mediat- ed, caspase-dependent apoptosis in HCCLM6 cells, which might be attributed to the activation of mito- gen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） and inhibition of Akt signaling pathways. These data suggest that COE may be a potential treatment for human hepa- tocellular carcinoma.

miR-181b functions as an oncomiR in colorectal cancer by targeting PDCDZ

Programmed cell death 4 （PDCD4） is a RNA-binding protein that acts as a tumor suppressor in many cancer types, including colorectal cancer （CRC）. During CRC carcinogenesis, PDCD4 protein levels remarkably decrease, but the underlying molecular mechanism for decreased PDCD4 expression is not fully understood. In this study, we performed bioinformatics analysis to identify miRNAs that potentially target PDCD4. We demonstrated miR-181b as a direct regulator of PDCD4. We further showed that activation of IL6/STAT3 signaling pathway increased miR-181b expression and conse- quently resulted in downregulation of PDCD4 in CRC cells. In addition, we investigated the biological effects of PDCD4 inhibition by miR-181b both in vitro and in vivo and found that miR-181b could promote cell proliferation and migration and suppress apoptosis in CRC cells and accelerate tumor growth in xenograft mice, potentially through targeting PDCD4. Taken toge- ther, this study highlights an oncomiR role for miR-181b in regulating PDCD4 in CRC and suggests that miR-181b may be a novel molecular therapeutic target for CRC.

Influence of Erbanxiao solution on inhibiting angiogenesis in stasis toxin stagnation of non-small cell lung cancer

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects and mecha- nisms of Erbanxiao solution in inhibiting tumor an- giogenesis. METHODS： We observed the effects and mecha- nisms of Chinese medicines on inhibiting tumor an- giogenesis and studied the theories and results of treatment. Sixty patients with lung cancer were ran- domized into two groups （n=30）. Patients in the control group were given compound Kushen injec- tion, and patients in the treatment group were giv- en Erbanxiao solution. The effect of Erbanxiao solu- tion on vascular endothelium growth factor （VEGF）, basic fibroblast growth factor （bFGF）, and tumor ne- crosis factor-α （TNF-α） was observed. RESULTS： The effective rate of the treatment group was 60% while the control group was 36%. There was a significant difference between the twogroups （P〈0.05）. VEGF, bFGF, and TNF-a levels of the two groups were significantly different before and after treatment （P〈0.01）. These Traditional Chi- nese Medicines significantly inhibited tumor angio- genesis, possibly by changing levels of VEGF, bFGF, and TNF-α. CONCLUSION： It is necessary to further explore the potential of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the treatment of angiogenesis in tumor patients.

miR-24-3p promotes colon cancer progression by targeting ING1

Dear Editor,Activation or upregulation of oncogenes and/or loss of function or downregulation of tumour suppressors are central to the processes involved in the transformation from normal colonic mucosa to malignant tumours.Inhibitor of growth 1(ING1)has been functionally linked to cell cycle arrest,apoptosis and chromatin remodelling.

Clinical practice of emergency department-initiated extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for cardiac arrest in adults

To the Editor:Cardiac arrest(CA)is one of the leading causes of adult death globally.According to the latest American Heart Association reports,[1]the incidences of Emergency Medical Service-assessed adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest(OHCA)and in-hospital cardiac arrest(IHCA)were 140.7/100,000 and 10.2/1000,respectively.