Comprehensive and deep profiling of the plasma proteome with protein corona on zeolite NaY

Proteomic characterization of plasma is critical for the development of novel pharmacodynamic biomarkers.However,the vast dynamic range renders the profiling of proteomes extremely challenging.Here,we synthesized zeolite NaY and developed a simple and rapid method to achieve comprehensive and deep profiling of the plasma proteome using the plasma protein corona formed on zeolite NaY.Specifically,zeolite NaY and plasma were co-incubated to form plasma protein corona on zeolite NaY(NaY-PPC),followed by conventional protein identification using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.NaY was able to significantly enhance the detection of low-abundance plasma proteins,minimizing the“masking”effect caused by high-abundance proteins.The relative abundance of middleand low-abundance proteins increased substantially from 2.54%to 54.41%,and the top 20 highabundance proteins decreased from 83.63%to 25.77%.Notably,our method can quantify approximately 4000 plasma proteins with sensitivity up to pg/mL,compared to only about 600 proteins identified from untreated plasma samples.A pilot study based on plasma samples from 30 lung adenocarcinoma patients and 15 healthy subjects demonstrated that our method could successfully distinguish between healthy and disease states.In summary,this work provides an advantageous tool for the exploration of plasma proteomics and its translational applications.

公共行政中的感知问责:分析框架与研究展望

作为现代民主治理的主要标志之一,问责的重要性不言而喻。但在面对客观问责制度时,不同的问责对象总会不可避免地产生不同的主观认知与解读,进而影响其行为与决策。感知问责作为连接宏观问责制度与微观个体行为之间的“桥梁”,可有效弥合两者之间的鸿沟,提升问责效能。目前,国际公共行政学者已经关注到这一概念,并开展一些研究。论文首先梳理国际公共行政学者对于感知问责的相关学术研究,便于我国公共行政学者与实务者了解并熟悉该议题。基于现有研究,论文从个体、组织与制度三个层面,围绕八个因素建立一项分析框架,为我国公共行政学者开展感知问责研究提供理论指引。在个体层面,论文关注三个因素:自我效能感、自主性与个体官僚与领导关系。在组织层面,主要关注两个因素:组织支持度与组织透明度。在制度层面,主要关注三个因素:问责主体的特征、问责标准的特征与问责过程与内容的特征。在未来,我国的公共行政学者可以聚焦感知问责的概念建构、解释、后果与管理议题,为感知问责这一崭新的研究领域做出贡献。

中央推进政策试点的差异化政策工具选择逻辑——基于20个案例的定性比较分析

政策试点已被广泛视为中国特色的治理模式之一,是解释“中国奇迹”的关键所在。然而,既有研究主要从政策试点的发生机制、推广逻辑和知识生产等视角来解析试点中政府的运作过程,并未对中央通过选择差异化政策工具来推进政策试点给予足够的关注。从中央干预程度与地方自主性两个维度出发,论文区分了中央推进政策试点的四类政策工具:指令型、激励型、诱导型与自主型。进而,论文构建了政策工具选择的“政策属性-政策环境”分析框架,运用定性比较分析法,对中央发起的20个试点案例进行深入分析,揭示差异化政策工具选择的生成机理。研究发现,中央选择何种类型的政策工具受试点内容清晰度、议题紧迫性、执行难度、政策支持和权威压力之间相互作用的影响,主要呈现出内外复合驱动、外部权威驱动和外部政策驱动三种不同的逻辑。其中,内容清晰度是政策工具选择的前置条件,议题紧迫性调节中央干预程度,权威压力凸显中央对政策工具的总体控制。研究丰富了对中国政策试点机制和试点差异化推进方式的解释,对政策试点的科学设计也具有启示:围绕政策试点目标的达成,政策试点的推进需要根据试点目标群体、政策属性和政策环境特征选择与之相匹配的政策工具。

High-Throughput physiology-based stress response phenotyping:Advantages,applications and prospective in horticultural plants

Phenomics is a new branch of science that provides high-throughput quantification of plant and animal traits at systems level.The last decade has witnessed great successes in high-throughput phenotyping of numerous morphological traits,yet major challenges still exist in precise phenotyping of physiological traits such as transpiration and photosynthesis.Due to the highly dynamic nature of physiological traits in responses to the environment,appropriate selection criteria and efficient screening systems at the physiological level for abiotic stress tolerance have been largely absent in plants.In this review,the current status of phenomics techniques was briefly summarized in horticultural plants.Specifically,the emerging field of high-throughput physiology-based phenotyping,which is referred to as“physiolomics”,for drought stress responseswas highlighted.In addition to analyzing the advantages of physiology-based phenotyping overmorphology-based approaches,recent examples that applied high-throughput physiological phenotyping to model and non-model horticultural plants were revisited and discussed.Based on the collective findings,we propose that high-throughput,non-destructive,and automatic physiological assays can and should be used as routine methods for phenotyping stress response traits in horticultural plants.

Time-restricted feeding downregulates cholesterol biosynthesis program via RORγ-mediated chromatin modification in porcine liver organoids

Background: Time-restricted feeding(TRF) is a dieting strategy based on nutrients availability and diurnal rhythm,shown to improve lipid metabolism efficiency. We have demonstrated previously that retinoic acid-related(RAR)orphan receptor(ROR) γ is the primary transcription factor controlling cholesterol(CHO) biosynthesis program of animals. However, the functional role of RORγ in liver physiology of pigs in response to TRF has not been determined, largely due to the lack of functional models and molecular tools. In the present study, we established porcine liver organoids and subjected them to restricted nutrients supply for 10-h during the light portion of the day.Results: Our results showed that TRF regimen did not alter hepatocyte physiology, including unchanged cell viability, caspase 3/7 enzyme activity and the gene signature of cell proliferation in porcine liver organoids,compared to the control group(P > 0.05). Furthermore, we found that TRF downregulated the hepatic CHO biosynthesis program at both mRNA and protein levels, along with the reduced cellular CHO content in porcine liver organoids(P < 0.05). Using unbiased bioinformatic analysis of a previous ChIP-seq data and ChIP-qPCR validation, we revealed RORγ as the predominant transcription factor that responded to TRF, amongst the 12 targeted nuclear receptors(NRs)(P < 0.05). This was likely through RORγ direct binding to the MVK gene(encoding mevalonate kinase). Finally, we showed that RORγ agonists and overexpression enhanced the enrichment of cofactor p300, histone marks H3 K27 ac and H3K4me1/2, as well as RNA polymerase II(Pol-II) at the locus of MVK, in TRF-porcine liver organoids, compared to TRF-vector control(P < 0.05).Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that TRF triggers the RORγ-mediated chromatin remodeling at the locus of CHO biosynthesis genes in porcine liver organoids and further improves lipid metabolism.

Applied anatomy of the cervical region of the recurrent laryngeal nerve

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE： To avoid recurrent laryngeal nerve （RLN） injury during thyroid surgery, it is important to identify the nerve and to follow its projection carefully to discriminate it from the inferior thyroid artery. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： All studies were performed at the Anatomy Division of Shaoyang Medical College from May 2003 to May 2004 with repeated measurement design. MATERIALS： Fifty embalmed adult corpses, comprising 20 females and 30 males, were obtained by donation. METHODS AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The projection, branches, and the relationship of the RLN to the inferior thyroid artery were observed. RESULTS： The RLN in all cases ascended through the tracheoesophageal groove at the isthmus superior levels of the thyroid gland. However, the RLN in 14 cases were situated inferior to the isthmus of the thyroid gland; 11 cases were to the right side and 2 cases to the left side, projected in the tracheoesophageal groove, and ascended away from the groove after 4.5-6.5 mm. The RLN typically ramified at the thyroid isthmus plane （44 cases, 44% of all cases）. The RLN branches were variable. Type 2 rami were most common in the RLN, accounting for 55%; the second most common was RLN branches with no rami. RLN braches with type 3 rami, 4 rami, and 5 rami were less common. Approximately 54% of nerves were situated behind the main branch artery. The nerves located adjacent to the arteries, and between the arterial branches, were similar; the former applied to 19 cases, accounting for 19%, whereas the latter applied to 18 cases, accounting for 18%. Left nerves behind the artery, and right nerves before the artery, were more common. There were significant differences between the left and right nerves （P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： There was not a significant difference in the projection of the RLN, while a significant difference in the number of RLN branches existed. In addition, the anatomical relationship of the RLN and the inferior thyroid artery exhibited side differences.

Virtual Element Discretization of Optimal Control Problem Governed by Brinkman Equations

In this paper, we discuss virtual element method (VEM) approximation of optimal control problem governed by Brinkman equations with control constraints. Based on the polynomial projections and variational discretization of the control variable, we build up the virtual element discrete scheme of the optimal control problem and derive the discrete first order optimality system. A priori error estimates for the state, adjoint state and control variables in L2 and H1 norm are derived. The theoretical findings are illustrated by the numerical experiments.

Achieving Fuzzy Matching Data Sharing for Secure Cloud-Edge Communication

In this paper,we propose a novel fuzzy matching data sharing scheme named FADS for cloudedge communications.FADS allows users to specify their access policies,and enables receivers to obtain the data transmitted by the senders if and only if the two sides meet their defined certain policies simultaneously.Specifically,we first formalize the definition and security models of fuzzy matching data sharing in cloud-edge environments.Then,we construct a concrete instantiation by pairing-based cryptosystem and the privacy-preserving set intersection on attribute sets from both sides to construct a concurrent matching over the policies.If the matching succeeds,the data can be decrypted.Otherwise,nothing will be revealed.In addition,FADS allows users to dynamically specify the policy for each time,which is an urgent demand in practice.A thorough security analysis demonstrates that FADS is of provable security under indistinguishable chosen ciphertext attack(IND-CCA)in random oracle model against probabilistic polynomial-time(PPT)adversary,and the desirable security properties of privacy and authenticity are achieved.Extensive experiments provide evidence that FADS is with acceptable efficiency.

An inspiration to the studies on mechanisms of acupuncture and moxibustion action derived from 2021 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

The editorial board of Acupuncture and Herbal Medicine recently convened an academic seminar with a focus on studies regarding the mechanisms mediating acupuncture efficacy and moxibustion action inspired by the 2021 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.Specifically,Professor Bailong Xiao introduced the Nobel Prize for research on the mechanically activated Piezo ion channel,evaluating the structure of the Piezo channel and its physiological and pathological functions,and proposed a possible role for the Piezo channel in acupuncture mechanical stimulation.Professor Michael Xi Zhu introduced the discovery of the transient receptor potential(TRP)family,reporting that the therapeutic effects of Chinese medicine and acupuncture may be achieved via the TRP family,and that information regarding associations between the meridian and lymphatic systems may have important research and medical value.In addition,Professor Tianle Xu reviewed the history of ion channel research,particularly the physiological and pharmacological effects of non-classical ion channels(eg,the acid sensing ion channel family)and pointed out that the characterization and neural circuits of acupuncture deqi manipulation are important for elucidating the mechanisms of acupuncture actions.Professor Yongming Li similarly proposed that the 2021 Nobel Prize may open the door to disclosing the histological basis of acupuncture and moxibustion and analyzing the main scientific concerns regarding the clinical translation of acupuncture and moxibustion from basic to translational research.Finally,Professor Yi Guo summarized the study progress of the acupoint microenvironment induced by acupuncture over the course of nearly 30 years and put forward the hypothesis that acupuncture may initiate the physical-chemical coupling network by activating ion channel receptors in acupoints via physical and mechanical stimulation.Therefore,we conclude that a primary achievement of the 2021 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is in helping interpret how acupuncture and moxibustion adjust homeostasis(ie,by activating mechanical and thermal sensation),which is conducive to validating and promoting the clinical efficacy of acupuncture modalities.

Analysis of High-Cr Cast Iron/Low Carbon Steel Wear-resistant Laminated Composite Plate Prepared by Hot-rolled Symmetrical Billet

This study developed a new technology for preparing high-chromium cast iron(HCCI)/low-carbon steel(LCS)wear-resistant composite plates by hot rolling at a 1050°C and a rolling speed of 0.2 m/s.The effects of different rolling reductions(30%,45%,and 60%)on the microstructure(interface and HCCI layer)and mechanical properties(bonding strength,hardness,and wear resistance)of the composite plate were studied.SEM images showed that when the reduction was increased,no impurities and interlayers were found between the microscopic interfaces after hot rolling,and the bonding interface exhibited a wave-like shape.EDS analysis showed that the Cr element diffusion between two metals after hot rolling was promoted when the reduction was increased,thereby improving the bonding quality under the same rolling temperature and rolling speed.Experiments showed that due to the stress release effect of the LCS of the cladded layer,the macro-slab shape after hot rolling performed well,and the brittle HCCI layer underwent thermoplastic deformation without cracking.Moreover,the increase of rolling reduction improved the bonding quality.As the rolling reduction was increased,the volume fraction of Cr-carbides in the HCCI layer also increased,resulting in an increase of hardness and wear-resistance.

Optimization of the Recommended Time for Rectal Temperature Measurement in Children: An Observational Study

Background: This study aimed to determine the optimum time required to measure rectal temperature in children with mercury-in-glass thermometers. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study involved a random sample of pediatric patients ≤5 years of age. Body temperature was measured for 3 - 5 minutes using standard mercury-in-glass rectal thermometers. Outcomes were rectal body temperatures at 1, 2, and 3 minutes until reaching a stable rectal temperature, and the final rectal temperature. Results: This study recruited 120 children. Mean time to reach a stable rectal temperature was 1.8 minutes (range: 30 seconds to five minutes). 90% of pediatric patients’ temperature came out within ±0.1°C of the final temperature at two minutes. There was no correlation between the time taken to reach a stable rectal temperature and age, body weight, gender, or the final temperature. Conclusion: Mercury-in-glass thermometers can be used to obtain accurate rectal temperature measurements at two minutes in routine pediatric practice.

CEPC Technical Design Report

The Circular Electron Positron Collider(CEPC)is a large scientific project initiated and hosted by China,fostered through extensive collaboration with international partners.The complex comprises four accelerators:a 30 GeV Linac,a 1.1 GeV Damping Ring,a Booster capable of achieving energies up to 180 GeV,and a Collider operating at varying energy modes(Z,W,H,and tt).The Linac and Damping Ring are situated on the surface,while the subterranean Booster and Collider are housed in a 100 km circumference underground tunnel,strategically accommodating future expansion with provisions for a potential Super Proton Proton Collider(SPPC).The CEPC primarily serves as a Higgs factory.In its baseline design with synchrotron radiation(SR)power of 30 MW per beam,it can achieve a luminosity of 5×10^(34)cm^(-2)s^(-1)per interaction point(IP),resulting in an integrated luminosity of 13 ab^(-1)for two IPs over a decade,producing 2.6 million Higgs bosons.Increasing the SR power to 50 MW per beam expands the CEPC's capability to generate 4.3 million Higgs bosons,facilitating precise measurements of Higgs coupling at sub-percent levels,exceeding the precision expected from the HL-LHC by an order of magnitude.This Technical Design Report(TDR)follows the Preliminary Conceptual Design Report(Pre-CDR,2015)and the Conceptual Design Report(CDR,2018),comprehensively detailing the machine's layout,performance metrics,physical design and analysis,technical systems design,R&D and prototyping efforts,and associated civil engineering aspects.Additionally,it includes a cost estimate and a preliminary construction timeline,establishing a framework for forthcoming engineering design phase and site selection procedures.Construction is anticipated to begin around 2027-2028,pending government approval,with an estimated duration of 8 years.The commencement of experiments and data collection could potentially be initiated in the mid-2030s.

Structure, Optical Property and Thermal Stability of Copper Nitride Films Prepared by Reactive Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering

Copper nitride （Cu3N） films were prepared by reactive radio frequency magnetron sputtering at various nitrogen partial pressures, and the films were annealed at different temperatures. The crystal structure of the films was identified by X-ray diffraction technique. The Cu3N films have a cubic anti-ReO3 structure, and lattice constant is 0.3855 nm. With increasing nitrogen partial pressure, the Cu3N films are strongly textured with the crystal direction [100]. The atomic force microscope images show that the films presence a smooth and compact morphology with nanocrystallites of about 70 nm in size. The films were further characterized by UV-visible spectrometer, and the optical band gap of the films was calculated from the Tauc equation. The typical value of optical band gap of the films is about 1.75 eV, and it increases with increasing nitrogen partial pressure. The thermal property of the films was measured by thermogravimetry, and the decomposition temperature of the films was about 530 K.

Sodium ion storage performance and mechanism in orthorhombic V_(2)O_(5) single-crystalline nanowires

A fundamental understanding of the electrochemical reaction process and mechanism of electrodes is very crucial for developing high-performance electrode materials.In this study,we report the sodium ion storage behavior and mechanism of orthorhombic V_(2)O_(5) single-crystalline nanowires in the voltage window of 1.0–4.0 V(vs.Na/Na+).The single-crystalline nanowires exhibit a large irreversible capacity loss during the first discharge/charge cycle,and then show excellent cycling stability in the following cycles.At a current density of 100 mA g^(−1),the nanowires electrode delivers initial discharge/charge capacity of 217/88 mA h g^(−1),corresponding to a Coulombic efficiency of only 40.5%;after 100 cycles,the electrode remains a reversible discharge capacity of 78 mA h g^(−1) with a fading rate of only 0.09%per cycle compared with the 2nd cycle discharge capacity.The sodium ion storage mechanism was investigated,illustrating that the large irreversible capacity loss in the first cycle can be attributed to the initially formed single-crystalline α′-Nax V_(2)O_(5)(0.02<x<0.88),in which sodium ions cannot be electrochemically extracted and the α′-Na0.88 V_(2)O_(5) can reversibly host and release sodium ions via a single-phase(solid solution)reaction,leading to excellent cycling stability.The Na^(+) diffusion coefficient in α′-Nax V_(2)O_(5) ranges from 10^(−12) to 10^(−11.5) cm^(2) s^(−1) as evaluated by galvanostatic intermittent titration technique(GITT).

Application of microneedle-based vaccines in biosecurity

Countries must have strong early warning,detection,and response capabilities in the face of the risks and challenges posed by major infectious diseases and bioterrorism threats.Vaccination is one of the most effective means for countries to maintain biosecurity and respond to bioterrorism attacks.Microneedles are emerging as a potential vaccine delivery method with minimal pain,no bleeding,and the ability to be self-administered,doing away with the need for professional health care workers.This last advantage,particularly if combined with room temperature preservation,could have an important role in improving national biosecurity through large-scale,rapid deployment of a biological vaccine.In this review,we summarized the research status of microneedles,including the types,materials,and production technologies of microneedles.Recent progress regarding microneedles in the field of biosecurity is introduced and challenges in its future application are discussed.

Importance of V^(4)and optimal acid environment in the hydroxylation of inert benzene via activation of C_(sp2)-H bond

Hydroxylation of inert benzene through the activation of the C_(sp2)-H bond is a representative reaction about the transformation of C-H bonds to C-O bonds,which has far-reaching guiding significance but remains a challenging scientific problem.To overcome this problem,a series of VOx-Ga_(2)O_(3)/SiO_(2)-Al_(2)O_(3)were prepared to achieve an efficient and economical hydroxylation path of benzene to phenol.The results showed that the phenol yield was 72.89%(selectivity>98.1%)under the optimum conditions.The reason is that the C-H bond in the benzene ring is activated by heterolysis over a VOx-Ga_(2)O_(3)/SiO_(2)-Al_(2)O_(3)catalyst.Meanwhile,the introduction of aluminum(Al)and gallium(Ga)made a qualitative change in the catalyst,enhancing the electron motion and spin motion of vanadium species,resulting in the increase of V4^(+)/V5^(+)ratio.In addition,the catalyst can provide an optimal acidic environment and a threedimensional cross-linked surface structure that facilitates product diffusion.

HBeAg-negative Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Normal Alanine Aminotransferase:Wait or Treat?

Alanine aminotransferase(ALT)is a common clinical indicator of liver inflammation.The current Chinese guidelines for the management of chronic hepatitis B(CHB)recommend antiviral treatment for patients with detectable hepatitis B virus(HBV)DNA and persistent ALT levels(ALTs)exceeding the upper limit of normal.However,it has been recently reported that patients with chronic HBV infection,especially HBeAg-negative patients with persistently normal ALTs,may have liver biopsy findings of significant inflammation and fibrosis.For HBeAg-negative patients with chronic HBV infection and normal ALTs,many controversial questions have been asked.To treat or not?When to initiate the treatment?Which drug is appropriate?In this review,we summarize the available data on the management of HBeAg-negative patients with chronic HBV infection and normal ALTs with the aim of improving the current clinical management.

Efficient expansion of rare human circulating hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in steady-state blood using a polypeptide-forming 3D culture

Although widely applied in treating hematopoietic malignancies,transplantation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells(HSPCs)is impeded by HSPC shortage.Whether circulating HSPCs(cHSPCs)in steady-state blood could be used as an alternative source remains largely elusive.Here we develop a three-dimensional culture system(3DCS)including arginine,glycine,aspartate,and a series of factors.Fourteen-day culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMNCs)in 3DCS led to 125-and 70-fold increase of the frequency and number of CD34+cells.Further,3DCS-expanded cHSPCs exhibited the similar reconstitution rate com-pared to CD34+HSPCs in bone marrow.Mechanistically,3DCS fabricated an immunomodulatory niche,secreting cytokines as TNF to support cHSPC survival and proliferation.Finally,3DCS could also promote the expansion of cHSPCs in patients who failed in HSPC mobilization.Our 3DCS successfully expands rare cHSPCs,providing an alternative source for the HSPC therapy,particularly for the patients/donors who have failed in HSPC mobilization.

Enhancing sodium-ion storage performance of MoO/N-doped carbon through interfacial Mo–N–C bond

Na-ion batteries(SIBs)have attracted considerable attention as promising alternatives to commercial Li-ion batteries(LIBs)due to comparable redox potential,and natural abundance of Na.However,it remains challenging to explore suitable anodes for SIBs.Herein,a MoO2/N-doped carbon(MoO2/N-C)composite composed of MoO2 nanocrystals embedded within carbon matrix with a Mo–N–C chemical bond is prepared by a simple yet effective carbonization-induced topochemical transformation route.Na-ion half-cells using MoO2/N-C exhibit excellent cycling stability over 5000 cycles at 5 A g^-1 and superior rate capability.Physicochemical characterizations and first-principles density functional theory(DFT)simulations reveal that the formation of chemical bond at the interface between MoO2 and N-doped carbon plays an important role in the excellent charge storage properties of MoO2/N-C.More importantly,the interfacial coupling can efficiently promote interface charge transfer.Benefiting from this,Na-ion capacitors(SICs)constructed with the MoO2/N-C anode and activated carbon cathode can deliver an impressive energy density of 15 W h kg^-1 at a power density of 1760 W kg^-1,together with a capacitance retention of 92.4%over 1000 cycles at 10 A g^-1.The proposed strategy in this paper based on interfacial chemical bond may hold promises for the design of high-performance electrodes for energy storage devices.