Ferulic acid reduces inflammatory response induced by radiation through Sirt1-NLRP3 pathway

Objective:A model of inflammatory damage was induced by radiation to investigate whether ferulic acid(FA)can reduce the inflammatory response through the Sirt1-NLRP3 inflammatory pathway.This will help discover radiation-protective drugs and elucidate the molecular mechanisms related to radiation-induced inflammatory damage.Methods:A mouse model of radiation-induced immunoinflammatory injury was established to verify the anti-inflammatory effects of FA in vivo.C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into six groups,and 5 Gy whole-body irradiation was used for modeling.Mice were administered a gastric solvent,amifostine,or 25,50,or 100 mg/kg FA daily for 12 days,consecutively,before irradiation.The serum of mice was collected 24 hour after irradiation to observe the content of inflammatory factors interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-18,IL-6,and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α.The spleen and thymus tissues of mice were weighed and the organ index was calculated for pathological testing and immunofluorescence detection.Results:FA reduced the radiation-induced decrease in the spleen and thymus indices.FA significantly reduced the secretion of inflammatory factors in the serum and reversed the radiation-induced reduction in lymphocytes in the spleen and thymus of mice.FA activated Sirt1 and inhibited the expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome to alleviate the inflammatory response.Conclusions:FA reduced radiation-induced inflammation in animals,possibly by activating Sirt1 and reducing nucleotide oligomerization domain(NOD)-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome expression,thereby reducing the secretion of inflammatory factors.

Research on the Relationship Between Average Cigarette Price per Box and Government Procurement in City A Based on a Regression Model

This study aims to analyze and predict the relationship between the average price per box in the cigarette market of City A and government procurement,providing a scientific basis and support for decision-making.By reviewing relevant theories and literature,qualitative prediction methods,regression prediction models,and other related theories were explored.Through the analysis of annual cigarette sales data and government procurement data in City A,a comprehensive understanding of the development of the tobacco industry and the economic trends of tobacco companies in the county was obtained.By predicting and analyzing the average price per box of cigarette sales across different years,corresponding prediction results were derived and compared with actual sales data.The prediction results indicate that the correlation coefficient between the average price per box of cigarette sales and government procurement is 0.982,implying that government procurement accounts for 96.4%of the changes in the average price per box of cigarettes.These findings offer an in-depth exploration of the relationship between the average price per box of cigarettes in City A and government procurement,providing a scientific foundation for corporate decision-making and market operations.

Tigecycline Use in Surgical Intensive Care Unit for the Treatment of Complicated Intra-Abdominal Infections: A Real-World Study

OBJECTIVES: To describe real-world use of tigecycline in cIAIs patients. METHODS: A retrospective, observational study enrolled cIAIs patients hospitalized in The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University from January 1, 2013 to June 30, 2017 was conducted. Patients’ data were collected and matched based on age, gender, and Acute Physiologic Assessment and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score according to receiving first-line, later-line, or no tigecycline during hospitalization. RESULTS: Data were collected for 52 patients. 82.6% were male. Mean age was 57.8 years and APACHE II score was 14.8. The incidence of both extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing and carbapenem-resistant pathogens was high on initial culture;however, few patients received first-line tigecycline. No significant difference in mortality rate was identified among first-line, later-line and no tigecycline users. Of surviving patients, shorter hospital length of stay was observed for patients receiving first- vs later-line or no tigecycline, respectively. ICU length-of-stay was shorter in patients receiving first- vs later-line or no tigecycline. CONCLUSIONS: First-line tigecycline use was rare in our surgical intensive care unit. Resistant organisms were commonly cultured from initial specimens. Although these results are limited by small patient numbers and single center, our results suggest that early tigecycline use may have significant benefits with similar mortality. Further research is warranted to demonstrate the values of early tigecycline use in cIAIs patients.

Efficacy and Safety Study of CA330 Hemadsorption Device on IL-6 Removal in Septic Patients: Study Protocol of a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Sepsis persists to be the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide with the huge cost of health care resources. Besides adequate antibiotics and infectious source control, definitive therapy is still being studied. The activation of multiple pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators plays a key role in the sepsis process. The application of adsorption may help deactivate and decrease the peak elevation of these mediators in the earlier course of sepsis, when levels of endotoxins and cytokines are extremely high. However, the clinical evidence to support hemadsorption for removing endotoxins and/or pro-inflammatory mediators in sepsis remains incompetent and controversial. In this study protocol, we aimed to test the efficacy of removing cytokines and the safety of a new hemadsorption device, CA330, in septic patients. Design: This is a multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial enrolling 8 tertiary hospitals in China. A total of 144 patients will be randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group according to the ratio of 1:1. The primary endpoint is the reduction rate of IL-6 serum concentration between the initiation of the first adsorption and end with the second adsorption. Discussion: To our knowledge, this clinical trial is the first to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the CA330 hemadsorption device in sepsis patients. Our study will raise the level of evidence for the treatment of sepsis patients with hemadsorption.

类超晶格结构:有序性传质赋予燃料电池高品质输出性能

质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)是一种强耦合、复杂非线性、动态的、多输入多输出的能量转换装置,不容易达到或保持理想的工作状态。在动态的PEMFC的工作状态下,其输出的电流和电压是振动的、不稳定的,会对负载的使用和寿命造成很大的影响,严重时亦可损坏负载。该波动的电流或电压输出不仅直接决定着发电系统的成本,而且影响着有效的能量转换效率及电子原件和设备的寿命。基于此,本工作针对燃料电池动态特性及动态排水空间受限导致其电流不规则波动,进而影响输出电能品质和燃料电池系统及其他电子元件的寿命和维护成本等问题,开发了一种外延生长的方法制备排水空间可调控的抗溺水电极,通过调控载体的成核位点密度,形成一种具有不同排水空间的类超晶体结构微米级铂基催化剂。该催化剂制备的电极不仅表现出极佳的抗溺水性,在极低的电流振幅(25 mA·cm^(-2))下持续稳定的输出高品质电能,同时提高了铂的利用率,使其组成的MEA比功率密度达到11.69 W·mg_(Pt)^(-1),表现出极高的应用潜力。

Sustainable synthesis of supported metal nanocatalysts for electrochemical hydrogen evolution

Among the various types of heterogeneous catalysts,supported metal nanocatalysts(SMNCs)have attracted widespread interest in chemistry and materials science,due to their advantageous features,such as high efficiency,stability,and reusability for catalytic reactions.However,to obtain well-defined SMNCs and inhibit nanoparticle aggregation,traditional approaches generally involve numerous organic reagents,complex steps,and specialized equipment,thus hindering the practical and large-scale synthesis of SMNCs.In this review,we summarize green and sustainable synthetic methodologies for the assembly of SMNCs,including low temperature pyrolysis and solid-state,surfactant-and reductant-free,and ionic liquid assisted syntheses.The conventional application of SMNCs for electrochemical hydrogen evolution and the corresponding achievements are subsequently discussed.Finally,future perspectives toward the sustainable production of SMNCs are presented.

Hierarchical coral-like FeNi(OH)_x/Ni via mild corrosion of nickel as an integrated electrode for efficient overall water splitting

Efficient,stable,and noble‐metal‐free electrocatalysts for both the oxygen evolution reaction and the hydrogen evolution reaction are highly imperative for the realization of low‐cost commercial water‐splitting electrolyzers.Herein,a cost‐effective and ecofriendly strategy is reported to fabricate coral‐like FeNi(OH)x/Ni as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting in alkaline media.With the assistance of mild corrosion of Ni by Fe(NO3)3,in situ generated FeNi(OH)x nanosheets are intimately attached on metallic coral‐like Ni.Integration of these nanosheets with the electrodeposited coral‐like Ni skeleton and the supermacroporous Ni foam substrate forms a binder‐free hierarchical electrode,which is beneficial for exposing catalytic active sites,accelerating mass transport,and facilitating the release of gaseous species.In 1.0 mol L^-1 KOH solution,a symmetric electrolyzer constructed with FeNi(OH)x/Ni as both the anode and the cathode exhibits an excellent activity with an applied potential difference of 1.52 V at 10 mA cm^-2,which is superior to that of an asymmetric electrolyzer constructed with the state‐of‐the‐art RuO2‐PtC couple(applied potential difference of 1.55 V at 10 mA cm^-2).This work contributes a facile and reliable strategy for manufacturing affordable,practical,and promising water‐splitting devices.

Highly efficient synthesis of(R)-1,3-butanediol via anti-Prelog reduction of 4-hydroxy-2-butanone with absolute stereoselectivity by a newly isolated Pichia kudriavzevii

(R)-1,3-butanediol is an important pharmaceutical intermediate, and the synthesis of(R)-1,3-butanediol using green biological methods has recently been of interest for industrial application. Here, a novel strain QC-1 that efficiently transforms 4-hydroxy-2-butanone to(R)-1,3-butanediol was isolated from soil samples. Based on morphological, physiological, and biochemical tests and 5.8 S-internal transcribed spacer sequencing, the strain was identified as Pichia kudriavzevii QC-1. The reaction conditions were optimized to 35 ℃, pH 8.0, rotation speed 200 rpm, and 6:5 mass ratio of glucose to 4-hydroxy-2-butanone. Evaluation of the effects of 4-hydroxy-2-butanone concentrations on yield and cell survival rate showed that 85.60 g·L^-1 product accumulated, with an enantiomeric excess of more than 99%, when 30 g·L^-14-hydroxy-2-butanone was added at 0, 10, and 30 h in a 3-L bioreactor. Thus, strain QC-1 showed excellent catalytic activity and stereoselectivity for the synthesis of(R)-1,3-butanediol from 4-hydroxy-2-butanone.

Enhancing the stability and activity by anchoring Pt nanoparticles between the layers of etched montmorillonite for oxygen reduction reaction

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)are recognized as potential environmentally friendly power sources owing to their high energy conversion efficiency and low pollutant emissions[1–4].However,the insufficient electrocatalytic durability of Pt cathode catalysts remains one of the major obstacles for their wide applications[5–8].The Pt cathode catalyst is predominantly

Removal of clofibric acid from aqueous solution by polyethylenimine-modified chitosan beads

Polyethylenimine （PEI）-modified chitosan was prepared and used to remove clofibric acid （CA） from aqueous solution. PEI was chemically grafted on the porous chitosan through a crosslinking reaction, and the effects of PEI concentration and reaction time in the preparation on the adsorption of clofibric acid were optimized. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） showed that PEI macromolecules were uniformly grafted on the porous chitosan, and the analysis of pore size distribution indicated that more mesopores were formed due to the crosslinking of PEI molecules in the macropores of chitosan. The PEI-modified chitosan had fast adsorption for CA within the initial 5 h, while this adsorbent exhibited an adsorption capacity of 349 mg· g^-1 for CA at pH 5.0 according to the Langmuir fitting, higher than 213 mg· g^-1 on the porous chitosan. The CA adsorption on the PEI- modified chitosan was pH-dependent, and the maximum adsorption was achieved at pH 4.0. Based on the surface charge analysis and comparison of different pharmaceu- ticals adsorption, electrostatic interaction dominated the sorption of CA on the PEI-modified chitosan. The PEI- modified chitosan has a potential application for the removal of some anionic rnicropollutants from water or wastewater.

Enzymatic cascade systems for D-amino acid synthesis:progress and perspectives

D-amino acids,different from the ubiquitous L-amino acids,are recognized as the“unnatural”amino acids.The applications of D-amino acids have drawn increasing interest from researchers in recent years,and D-amino acids are widely used in various industries,including for food products,pharmaceuticals,and agricultural chemicals.Inspired by the prevalent appli-cations,many synthetic methods for D-amino acids have been developed,which are mainly divided into chemical synthetic methods and biosynthetic methods.Chemical synthesis of D-amino acids has a variety of disadvantages such as multiple reaction steps,low yields,low reaction rates,and difficulties in product extraction.Thus,biosynthetic methods utilizing enzymes are attracting increasing attention because they are more energy-saving and environmentally friendly compared to traditional chemical synthesis.Among all enzymatic methods,multi-enzymatic cascade catalytic methods have significant advantages,such as lower costs,no need for intermediate separation,and higher catalytic efficiency,which is ascribed to the spatial proximity of biocatalysts.In this review,advances in multi-enzyme cascade catalytic systems as well as chemo-enzymatic approaches to synthesize D-amino acids are discussed.

Advances in Fe(II)/2-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase-mediated C-H bond oxidation for regioselective and stereoselective hydroxyl amino acid synthesis:from structural insights into practical applications

The asymmetric hydroxylation of inactive carbon atoms in organic compounds remains an important reaction in the industrial synthesis of valuable chiral compounds.Fe(II)and 2-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases(Fe/2-kg DOs)are the largest known subgroups of mononuclear nonheme-Fe(II)-dependent oxygenases,catalyzing various oxidation reactions of C-H bonds.Recent developments in Fe/2-kg DO-related researches have coupled concepts from bioinformatics,synthetic biology,and computational biology to establish effective biotransformation systems.The most well-studied and characterized activ-ity of the Fe/2-kg DOs is substrate hydroxylation,with regard to which mechanistic studies involving the Fe center assist in engineering the protein frameworks of these enzymes to obtain the desired catalytic enhancements.Amino acids are typical substrates of Fe/2-kg DOs and are usually converted into hydroxyl amino acids,which are widely used as intermediates in pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries.Herein,we have reviewed prior structural and mechanistic studies on Fe/2-kg DOs,as well as studies on the Fe/2-kg DO-mediated selective C-H oxidation process for selective hydroxyl amino acid synthesis,which will further our journey along the promising path of building complexity via C-H bond oxidation.Further,new bioinformatics techniques should be adopted with structure-based protein rational design to mine sequence databases and shrink mutant libraries to produce a diverse panel of functional Fe/2-kg DOs capable of catalyzing targeted reactions.

Remark on Mild Solution to the 3D Incompressible Micropolar System in Fourier–Herz Framework

This paper is devoted to investigating the existence and uniqueness of mild solution to the 3D incompressible micropolar fluid system in the Fourier–Herz framework. By taking advantage of microlocal analysis and the mutual effect in the same frequency range of convection term, we give a special initial data(u0,ω0) whose norm of FB1,q^-1(q>2) is arbitrarily small, however, the couple(u0,ω0) produces a solution which is arbitrarily large in FB1,q^-1 after an arbitrarily short time. This implies the system is ill-posed in the sense of "norm inflation" as q>2.

Cloning and expression of the gene encoding(R)-specific carbonyl reductase from Candida parapsilosis CCTCC M203011

The gene which encodes(R)-specific carbonyl reductase(rCR)from Candida parapsilosis CCTCC M203011 was cloned,sequenced and compared with genes from the GenBank.The results indicated that rCR gene was 1011 bp,encoding a protein of 336 amino acids with a molecular weight of 35.9 kDa,and its nucleotide sequence showed 99%similarity to those of other members of the alcohol dehydrogenase superfamily.The rCR gene could express in recombinant strain Escherichia coli JM109,and the expression plasmid could produce(R)-1-pheny-1,2-ethanediol(100%e.e.,80.14%yield)from b-hydroxyacetophenone without any additive to regenerate NAD+from NADH.

Advances in biocatalysis:from insights to applications

Enzymes as the main form of biocatalysts exhibit obvious advantages for catalyzing reactions,including mild conditions,high specificity,and environmental friendly.Since natural enzymes are rarely suitable for industrial applications,it has spawned the development of enzymes with desired functions and properties.Protein engineering has been applied extensively to improve enzyme properties.The concept of directed evolution of enzymes opened a new chapter of protein modification and design.The most classical strategy is saturation mutations targeting the active sites,including combinational active-site saturation test and iterative saturation mutagenesis,which are introduced based on the preliminary screening to further optimize the screening results.Furthermore,impressively,a series of protein engineering strategies have been developed,like structure-directed mutagenesis and machine learning.At the beginning of the twenty-first century,more biotechnologies emerged and gradually advanced to computational enzyme redesign and de novo design.

Systematic analysis of key fermentation parameters influencing biogenic amines production in spontaneous fermentation of soy sauce

Biogenic amines(BAs),a class of toxic nitrogen-containing compounds,are commonly found in high-protein fermented foods.This study investigated whether,what and how the fermentation parameters influence the BAs accumulation in spontaneous soy sauce fermentation.The results showed that BAs accumulation in soy sauce fermentation throughout the year showed significant seasonal differences,which were closely related to temperature and pH value.Furthermore,different microbial communities were found in high-and low-BAs groups,indicating that seasonal fermentation factors affect BAs accumulation by influencing the microbial population.Following bioinformatic analysis,single-microorganism culture analysis,and simulated fermentation,it was found that lower temperature or higher NaCl concentration can reduce BAs accumulation,most likely by suppressing the proliferation of BAs-producing bacteria.This is a comprehensive study of the impact of fermentation parameters on BAs production,and will serve as a foundation for future research on BAs management.