我国中小学人工智能课程研究热点与前沿趋势

人工智能教育的推广需要建立专业化且普及的课程体系,以确保学生能够全面掌握人工智能知识并提高应用能力。我国中小学人工智能教育的有效实施和创新发展,需要相关工作者更加深入地挖掘研究热点和趋势,积极探索人工智能教育的前沿应用。因此,运用文献计量分析法,以CNKI数据库为数据来源,利用CiteSpace软件对我国中小学人工智能课程的相关文献进行了可视化分析。研究内容包括发文量、高被引文献、作者、机构及关键词等,同时对关键词进行聚类和突变分析,并绘制可视化图谱。经过深入探讨,发现当前我国中小学人工智能课程研究的热点主要集中在课程内容、课程建设、教学实践等方面。在此基础上提出未来我国中小学人工智能课程的研究趋势:一是顶层设计,丰富完善人工智能课程理论;二是立足实际,普及优化人工智能课程建设;三是深度融合,积极开展人工智能课程教学;四是创新引领,开发实践人工智能课程应用。

荧光碳点的制备及其荧光特性的研究和应用

围绕具有优良荧光发光特性的无机纳米材料——碳点,设计一个本科化学实验。通过"自下而上"的方法分别制备蓝色、绿色荧光碳点溶液;考察荧光碳点溶液的荧光激发和发射光谱关系,相对法测定荧光量子产率;探究不同浓度和pH条件下的荧光光谱变化;并将荧光碳点应用到防伪技术领域,加深学生对荧光材料的相关荧光概念和表征手段如荧光激发光谱、荧光发射光谱、荧光量子产率,术语如Stokes位移和荧光影响因素等理论知识的理解,同时通过防伪应用开拓学生的思维,鼓励学生将课堂所学应用到实际生产生活中。

磁性材料的制备及其污水处理性能测试——基于混合式教学的综合实验

利用活性炭吸附特性和纳米四氧化铁的磁性,设计并制备一种低成本、可回收的Fe_(3)O_(4)@C复合材料,对其磁性及水处理性能进行研究,以解决传统水处理材料不能重复利用且易残留于水体中问题的综合实验。本实验以问题为导向,Fe_(3)O_(4)@C复合材料为载体,帮助学生掌握无机纳米材料的基本制备、性能表征方法,提高学生数据处理及解读能力,同时提供一种新的综合实验教学新模式——混合式教学,即通过大型仪器介绍、使用和数据软件学习采用线上教学,而材料制备及污水处理性能评价采用线下实践相结合的模式,解决传统无机化学实验材料前沿表征手段与数据处理训练较为薄弱的问题。本实验可作为无机化学、现代仪器分析等理论课程的配套综合实验。

The BHLH Transcriptional Factor PIF4 Competes with the R2R3-MYB Transcriptional Factor MYB75 to Fine-Tune Seeds Germination under High Glucose Stress

It is known that the high level of sugar including glucose suppresses seed germination through ABA signal.ABI5 is an essential component to mediate ABA-dependent seed germination inhibition,but underlying mechanism needs more investigation.Previous study demonstrated the PIF4 activated the expression of ABI5 to suppress seed germination in darkness.Here we reported that PIF4 also mediated the seed germination inhibition through ABI5 under high concentration of glucose treatment.Furthermore,we found that PIF4 interacted with PAP1,the central factor to control anthocyanin biosynthesis.Such interaction was confirmed in vitro and in planta.Biochemical and physiological analysis revealed that PAP1 bond the promoter of ABI5 to suppress its expression,thus enhanced seed germination under high concentration of glucose treatment.Specially,PAP1 competed with PIF4 to antagonize the activation of PIF4 on ABI5 expression,thus promoted seed germination under high glucose treatment.Given these,we uncover a novel role for PIF4 and PAP1 in controlling seed germination under high glucose treatment,and reveal their antagonistic mechanism by which coordinates ABI5 expression to control seed germination in response to the glucose signal.

Putrescine Enhances Seed Germination Tolerance to Heat Stress in Arabidopsis thaliana

Putrescine(Put)as the compound of plant polyamines is catalyzed by arginine decarboxylase(ADC),which is encoded by two members,ADC1 and ADC2 in Arabidopsis,and ADC2 is mainly responsible for Put biosynthesis.Accumulated evidence demonstrates the important function of Put in plant growth and development,but its role in regulating seed germination under high temperature(HT)has not been reported yet.SOMNUS(SOM)is the negative regulator for seed germination thermoinhibition by altering downstream gibberellin(GA)and abscisic acid(ABA)metabolism.In this study,we found exogenous application of Put obviously alleviated the inhibition effect of HT on seed germination.Whereas pharmacological inhibition of endogenous Put level reduced seed germination under HT.Consistently,HT induced the rapid accumulation of Put level,and the adc2 mutant defi-ciency in Put biosynthesis also showed more sensitivity to HT stress.Furthermore,we found that the Put signal suppressed the expression of SOM and changed the transcriptional patterns of genes associated with GA/ABA metabolism.Genetic analysis also revealed SOM was epistatic to ADC2 to alter GA/ABA metabolism.Collectively,our finding reveals the novel function of Put in controlling seed germination under HT through SOM,and provides the possibility to develop Put as the innovational regulator for uniform seed germination under HT stress.

Research Progress and Application of Plant Branching

Plant branching development plays an important role in plant morphogenesis(aboveground plant type),the number and angle of branches are important agronomic characters that determine crop plant type.Effective branches determine the number of panicles or pods of crops and then control the yield of crops.With the rapid development of plant genomics and molecular genetics,great progress has been made in the study of branching development.In recent years,a series of important branching-related genes have been validated from Arabidopsis thaliana,rice,pea,tomato and maize mutants.It is reviewed that plant branching development is controlled by genetic elements and plant hormones,such as auxin,cytokinin and lactones(or lactone derivatives),as well as by environment and genetic elements.Meanwhile,shoot architecture in crop breeding was discussed in order to provide theoretical basis for the study of crop branching regulation.

Investigation on the Material Basis of Sijicao Granules in Treating Eczema Based on Network Pharmacology

[Objectives]To explore the pharmacodynamic material basis of Sijicao granules for the treatment of eczema through chemical composition-network pharmacology.[Methods]First of all,the chemical constituents of Polygonum capitatum and Plantago asiatica from Sijicao granules were collected,and the relevant target information of the constituents was collected by TCMSP,PubChem,DisGeNET,GeneCards and STRING databases.Furthermore,Cytoscape 3.8.2 software was used to construct the chemical compounds-target network map of Sijicao granules.Finally,STRING database was used for PPI protein network analysis,GO functional enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of core targets,and molecular docking between core constituents and protein targets was also performed.[Results]30 constituents,including quercetin,kaempferol,luteolin,ellagic acid and gallic acid,were discovered to be the key effective compounds of Sijicao granules in the treatment of eczema.And its core action protein targets were PTGS2,NOS2,AKT1,TP53,IL6,HMOX1.What s more,through GO functional enrichment analysis of biological process(BP),cell component(CC),molecular function(MF)analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis,the main pathways of action of Sijicao granules for the treatment of eczema including IL-17 signaling pathway,T cell receptor signaling pathway,cancer signaling pathway,TNF signaling pathway and Relaxin signaling pathway.In addition,molecular docking results displayed that the primary active constituents quercetin,kaempferol and luteolin were well combined with the core protein targets AKT1 and IL6.[Conclusions]Sijicao granules could play an important role for the treatment of eczema through multi-component,multi-target,multi-pathway and their interaction.

Fine controllable blue emission and its mechanism in Ce^(3+)-doped orthosilicate solid solution phosphors for different plant growths

The designed Ce^3＋-doped alkaline-earth silicate phosphors CamSr2 m-nBanSiO4：Ce^3＋,Li^＋ （CSBS：Ce^3＋） were synthesized by a high temperature solid-state reaction. The crystal field splitting and the centroid shift from the flee ion energy of 5d configuration were approximated from the spectrum for Ca2SiO4, Sr2SiO4 and Ba2SiO4 phosphors. The single-phase purity was checked by means of X-ray diffraction. Here, when the doped concentration of Ca2. is less than 80% （m 〈 1.6）, we report the structural phase transformation from monoclinic system [3-Ca2Si04 to orthorhombic system α′-Ca2SiO4. The phosphors excited by near-ultraviolet （NUV） light at wavelengths ranging from 200 to 400 nm demonstrate a broad asymmetric blue emission band. The emission peak wavelength redshifts firstly from 417 nm of Ca2SiO4 to 438 nm of Sro.3Cal.6SiO4, and then blueshifts to 411 nm of Sr2SiO4, and the end of 401 nm of Ba2SiOa. These results indicate that the tunable blue-emission of the phosphors can he realized through changing the solid solution components, which has a potential use as a blue component for fabricated precision modulation LEDs light sources and auxiliaries of SSC plastics films for different plant growths. We discuss in detail the possible mechanism and energy diagram of the tunable blue luminescence in CamSr2-M-nBaNSiO4：Ce^3＋.Li^＋ phosphors.