BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors(EGFR-TKIs)significantly improve the survival of patients with Epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)sensitive mutations in non-small cell lung can...BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors(EGFR-TKIs)significantly improve the survival of patients with Epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)sensitive mutations in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).CASE SUMMARY A 67-year-old female patient in advanced lung adenocarcinoma suffered from drug resistance after EGFR-TKIs treatment.Secondary pathological tissue biopsy confirmed squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)transformation.Patients inevitably encountered drug resistance issues after receiving EGFR-TKIs treatment for a certain period of time,while EGFR-TKIs can significantly improve the survival of patients with EGFR-sensitive mutations in NSCLC.Notably,EGFR-TKIs resistance includes primary and acquired.Pathological transformation is one of the mechanisms of acquired resistance in EGFR-TKIs,with SCC transformation being relatively rare.Our results provide more detailed results of the patient’s diagnosis and treatment process on SCC transformation after EGFR-TKIs treatment for lung adenocarcinoma.CONCLUSION Squamous cell carcinoma transformation is one of the acquired resistance mechanisms of EGFR-TKIs in advanced lung adenocarcinoma with EGFR mutations.展开更多
BACKGROUND Various animal models have been used to explore the pathogenesis of choledochal cysts(CCs),but with little convincing results.Current surgical techniques can achieve satisfactory outcomes for treatment of C...BACKGROUND Various animal models have been used to explore the pathogenesis of choledochal cysts(CCs),but with little convincing results.Current surgical techniques can achieve satisfactory outcomes for treatment of CCs.Consequently,recent studies have focused more on clinical issues rather than basic research.Therefore,we need appropriate animal models to further basic research.AIM To establish an appropriate animal model that may contribute to the investigation of the pathogenesis of CCs.METHODS Eighty-four specific pathogen-free female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to a surgical group,sham surgical group,or control group.A rat model of CC was established by partial ligation of the bile duct.The reliability of the model was confirmed by measurements of serum biochemical indices,morpho-logy of common bile ducts of the rats as well as molecular biology experiments in rat and human tissues.RESULTS Dilation classified as mild(diameter,≥1 mm to<3 mm),moderate(≥3 mm to<10 mm),and severe(≥10 mm)was observed in 17,17,and 2 rats in the surgical group,respectively,while no dilation was observed in the control and sham surgical groups.Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotrans-ferase,total bilirubin,direct bilirubin,and total bile acids were significantly elevated in the surgical group as compared to the control group 7 d after surgery,while direct bilirubin,total bilirubin,and gamma-glutamyltransferase were further increased 14 d after surgery.Most of the biochemical indices gradually decreased to normal ranges 28 d after surgery.The protein expression trend of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in rat model was consistent with the human CC tissues.CONCLUSION The model of partial ligation of the bile duct of juvenile rats could morphologically simulate the cystic or fusiform CC,which may contribute to investigating the pathogenesis of CC.展开更多
The previously released packages of the PhyloMaker series(i.e.S.PhyloMaker,V.PhyloMaker,and V.PhyloMaker2) have been broadly used to generate phylogenetic trees for ecological and biogeographical studies.Although thes...The previously released packages of the PhyloMaker series(i.e.S.PhyloMaker,V.PhyloMaker,and V.PhyloMaker2) have been broadly used to generate phylogenetic trees for ecological and biogeographical studies.Although these packages can be used to generate phylogenetic trees for any groups of plants and animals for which megatrees are available,they focus on generating phylogenetic trees for plants based on the megatrees provided by the packages.How to use these packages to generate phylogenetic trees based on other megatrees is not straightforward.Here,we present a new tool,which is called ‘U.PhyloMaker’,and a simple R script that can be used to easily generate large phylogenetic trees for both plants and animals at a relatively fast speed.展开更多
Knowledge of which biological and functional traits have,or lack,phylogenetic signal in a particular group of organisms is important to understanding the formation and functioning of biological communities.Allometric ...Knowledge of which biological and functional traits have,or lack,phylogenetic signal in a particular group of organisms is important to understanding the formation and functioning of biological communities.Allometric biomass models reflecting tree growth characteristics are commonly used to predict forest biomass.However,few studies have examined whether model parameters are constrained by phylogeny.Here,we use a comprehensive database(including 276 tree species) compiled from 894 allometric biomass models published in 302 articles to examine whether parameters a and b of the model W=aD~b(where W stands for aboveground biomass,D is diameter at breast height) exhibit phylogenetic signal for all tree species as a whole and for different groups of tree species.For either model parameter,we relate difference in model parameter between different tree species to phylogenetic distance and to environmental distance between pairwise sites.Our study shows that neither model parameter exhibits phylogenetic signals(Pagel's λ and Blomberg's K both approach zero).This is the case regardless of whether all tree species in our data set were analyzed as a whole or tree species in different taxonomic groups(gymnosperm and angiosperm),leaf duration groups(evergreen and deciduous),or ecological groups(tropical,temperate and boreal) were analyzed separately.Our study also shows that difference in each parameter of the allometric biomass model is not significantly related to phylogenetic and environmental distances between tree species in different sites.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors(EGFR-TKIs)significantly improve the survival of patients with Epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)sensitive mutations in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).CASE SUMMARY A 67-year-old female patient in advanced lung adenocarcinoma suffered from drug resistance after EGFR-TKIs treatment.Secondary pathological tissue biopsy confirmed squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)transformation.Patients inevitably encountered drug resistance issues after receiving EGFR-TKIs treatment for a certain period of time,while EGFR-TKIs can significantly improve the survival of patients with EGFR-sensitive mutations in NSCLC.Notably,EGFR-TKIs resistance includes primary and acquired.Pathological transformation is one of the mechanisms of acquired resistance in EGFR-TKIs,with SCC transformation being relatively rare.Our results provide more detailed results of the patient’s diagnosis and treatment process on SCC transformation after EGFR-TKIs treatment for lung adenocarcinoma.CONCLUSION Squamous cell carcinoma transformation is one of the acquired resistance mechanisms of EGFR-TKIs in advanced lung adenocarcinoma with EGFR mutations.
基金the Key R&D Program of Zhejiang,No.2023C03029Health Science and Technology Plan of Zhejiang Province,No.2022RC201Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation Project,No.LY20H030007.
文摘BACKGROUND Various animal models have been used to explore the pathogenesis of choledochal cysts(CCs),but with little convincing results.Current surgical techniques can achieve satisfactory outcomes for treatment of CCs.Consequently,recent studies have focused more on clinical issues rather than basic research.Therefore,we need appropriate animal models to further basic research.AIM To establish an appropriate animal model that may contribute to the investigation of the pathogenesis of CCs.METHODS Eighty-four specific pathogen-free female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to a surgical group,sham surgical group,or control group.A rat model of CC was established by partial ligation of the bile duct.The reliability of the model was confirmed by measurements of serum biochemical indices,morpho-logy of common bile ducts of the rats as well as molecular biology experiments in rat and human tissues.RESULTS Dilation classified as mild(diameter,≥1 mm to<3 mm),moderate(≥3 mm to<10 mm),and severe(≥10 mm)was observed in 17,17,and 2 rats in the surgical group,respectively,while no dilation was observed in the control and sham surgical groups.Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotrans-ferase,total bilirubin,direct bilirubin,and total bile acids were significantly elevated in the surgical group as compared to the control group 7 d after surgery,while direct bilirubin,total bilirubin,and gamma-glutamyltransferase were further increased 14 d after surgery.Most of the biochemical indices gradually decreased to normal ranges 28 d after surgery.The protein expression trend of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in rat model was consistent with the human CC tissues.CONCLUSION The model of partial ligation of the bile duct of juvenile rats could morphologically simulate the cystic or fusiform CC,which may contribute to investigating the pathogenesis of CC.
基金supported by the Biological Resources Programme,Chinese Academy of Sciences (KFJ-BRP-008-005)Shanghai Science and Technology Development Foundation (21S21901900)+2 种基金the Lingang Laboratory Grant (LG-QS-202206-01)Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2021YFE0111300)National Natural Science Foundation of China (81973513,81573646).
基金supported by the Natural Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province [[2020]1Z013] (to Y.J.)the Joint Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of Chinathe Karst Science Research Center of Guizhou Province [U1812401] (to Y.J.)
文摘The previously released packages of the PhyloMaker series(i.e.S.PhyloMaker,V.PhyloMaker,and V.PhyloMaker2) have been broadly used to generate phylogenetic trees for ecological and biogeographical studies.Although these packages can be used to generate phylogenetic trees for any groups of plants and animals for which megatrees are available,they focus on generating phylogenetic trees for plants based on the megatrees provided by the packages.How to use these packages to generate phylogenetic trees based on other megatrees is not straightforward.Here,we present a new tool,which is called ‘U.PhyloMaker’,and a simple R script that can be used to easily generate large phylogenetic trees for both plants and animals at a relatively fast speed.
基金Anhui Provincial Science and Technology Special Project (202204c06020014)the Provincial Natural Resources Fund (1908085QC140)。
文摘Knowledge of which biological and functional traits have,or lack,phylogenetic signal in a particular group of organisms is important to understanding the formation and functioning of biological communities.Allometric biomass models reflecting tree growth characteristics are commonly used to predict forest biomass.However,few studies have examined whether model parameters are constrained by phylogeny.Here,we use a comprehensive database(including 276 tree species) compiled from 894 allometric biomass models published in 302 articles to examine whether parameters a and b of the model W=aD~b(where W stands for aboveground biomass,D is diameter at breast height) exhibit phylogenetic signal for all tree species as a whole and for different groups of tree species.For either model parameter,we relate difference in model parameter between different tree species to phylogenetic distance and to environmental distance between pairwise sites.Our study shows that neither model parameter exhibits phylogenetic signals(Pagel's λ and Blomberg's K both approach zero).This is the case regardless of whether all tree species in our data set were analyzed as a whole or tree species in different taxonomic groups(gymnosperm and angiosperm),leaf duration groups(evergreen and deciduous),or ecological groups(tropical,temperate and boreal) were analyzed separately.Our study also shows that difference in each parameter of the allometric biomass model is not significantly related to phylogenetic and environmental distances between tree species in different sites.
