轻型急性缺血性卒中患者院内神经功能恶化预测模型的开发与验证研究

目的开发轻型急性缺血性卒中(acute ischemic stroke,AIS)患者院内神经功能恶化的预测模型,为AIS的院内分层管理提供科学依据。方法选取中国国家卒中登记Ⅲ(China national stoke registryⅢ,CNSRⅢ)中发病24 h内的轻型AIS(NIHSS评分≤5分)且未接受rt-PA静脉溶栓或血管内治疗的患者作为研究对象。开发队列为CNSRⅢ2015—2016年入组的2256例患者,验证队列为CNSRⅢ2017—2018年入组的1775例患者。应用LASSO回归筛选预测因子,并参考既往研究确定最终预测因子。院内神经功能恶化定义为出院时NIHSS评分较入院时NIHSS评分增加≥4分。基于logistic回归开发预测模型,分别使用C统计量和Brier得分对模型的区分度和校准度进行评价。结果本研究共纳入4031例患者,开发队列2256例患者中有58例(2.6%)发生院内神经功能恶化,验证队列1775例患者中有63例(3.5%)发生院内神经功能恶化。两个队列在人群特征上基本一致。预测模型最终基于年龄、性别、吸烟情况、收缩压、IL-6、hs-CRP、入院NIHSS评分、糖尿病及梗死模式共计9个预测因子开发。模型的C统计量在开发队列中为0.69(95%CI 0.62~0.76),在验证队列中为0.73(95%CI 0.67~0.80);模型的Brier得分在开发队列中为0.025,在验证队列中为0.033。结论本研究基于常规住院数据建立了一个轻型AIS患者院内神经功能恶化预测模型,有较好的区分度和校准度,但是外推性需要外部数据进一步验证。

即刻耳甲电针刺激对轻度认知障碍脑功能影像的影响初探

目的:基于静息态功能磁共振成像(rs-fMRI)探讨即刻(30分钟)耳甲电针(taVNS)刺激对轻度认知障碍(MCI)患者脑功能的影响。方法:纳入22例MCI患者,随机分为taVNS组和sham taVNS组,每组各11例,同时纳入11例健康对照(HCs)。3组受试者均进行30分钟耳部电针刺激,其中taVNS组和HCs组接受耳甲刺激位于迷走神经主要分布区,sham taVNS组接受的刺激位于非迷走神经分布的耳舟部,在刺激前后各进行一次rs-fMRI扫描。采用DPABI 8.0软件对rs-fMRI扫描结果进行预处理,随后计算功能连接(FC),对3组受试者刺激前后的FC图像进行比较,并将结果提值,用Graphpad Prism9.0.0进行事后分析,观察taVNS对脑功能的影响。结果:与刺激前相比,刺激后taVNS组右侧海马与右侧小脑_6的FC值显著降低(P<0.005)、左侧尾状核与右侧额上回以及右侧苍白球与左侧尾状核的FC值显著升高(P<0.05);刺激后HCs组左侧尾状核与小脑_8的FC值显著降低(P<0.05)。结论:即刻taVNS可以调节记忆及认知脑区,以及基底节区及小脑等脑功能网络,可能是taVNS治疗MCI的效应靶点。

Phase-stable wide-bandgap perovskites enabled by suppressed ion migration

Wide-bandgap(>1.7 eV)perovskites suffer from severe light-induced phase segregation due to high bromine content,causing irreversible damage to devices stability.However,the strategies of suppressing photoinduced phase segregation and related mechanisms have not been fully disclosed.Here,we report a new passivation agent 4-aminotetrahydrothiopyran hydrochloride(4-ATpHCl)with multifunctional groups for the interface treatment of a 1.77-eV wide-bandgap perovskite film.4-ATpH^(+)impeded halogen ion migration by anchoring on the perovskite surface,leading to the inhibition of phase segregation and thus the passivation of defects,which is ascribed to the interaction of 4-ATpH^(+)with perovskite and the formation of low-dimensional perovskites.Finally,the champion device achieved an efficiency of 19.32%with an open-circuit voltage(V_(OC))of 1.314 V and a fill factor of 83.32%.Moreover,4-ATpHCl modified device exhibited significant improved stability as compared with control one.The target device maintained 80%of its initial efficiency after 519 h of maximum power output(MPP)tracking under 1 sun illumination,however,the control device showed a rapid decrease in efficiency after 267 h.Finally,an efficiency of 27.38%of the champion 4-terminal all-perovskite tandem solar cell was achieved by mechanically stacking this wide-bandgap top subcell with a 1.25-eV low-bandgap perovskite bottom subcell.

帕金森病相关认知障碍的神经影像学特征研究进展

认知障碍作为最易致残的帕金森病非运动症状之一,严重影响患者的生活质量,故应引起重视。神经影像学作为客观指标,可以帮助临床医生和研究者尽早发现帕金森相关认知障碍的发生。现从帕金森-主观认知能力下降(PD-SCD)、帕金森-轻度认知障碍(PD-MCI)、帕金森痴呆(PD-D)三个方面,综述对此类疾病的神经影像学研究进展。检索后发现,PDSCD诊断标准不明确,但少量研究报道其存在广泛大脑皮层活动和深部白质改变;PD-MCI除明确与帕金森多巴胺系统功能相关,其白质改变已涉及海马等记忆相关结构;PD-D在PD-MCI的基础上白质病变进一步加深,灰质萎缩明显,脑网络功能受累范围进一步扩大,包含基础感知系统障碍。

Parboiled rice supplementation alleviates high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia by regulating genes and gut microbiota in mice

Dietary parboiled rice(PR)has a low risk of disease,but little is known about the contribution of PR to the prevention of hyperlipidemia.The potential role and underlying mechanisms of PR in hyperlipidemia were evaluated in this study.Male C57BL/6J mice were fed with a normal diet,high-fat diet(HFD)containing refined rice(HFDRR)or PR(HFDPR).It was found that PR intervention improved lipid accumulation in mice.Transcriptomic data analysis revealed that 27 genes were up-regulated(mostly involved in lipid breakdown)and 86 genes were down-regulated(mostly involved in inflammatory responses)in the HFDPR group compared to the HFDRR group.And 15 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were validated by quantitative real-time PCR(RT-qPCR),while protein interaction network showed that protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C(PTPRC)has a central role.The gut microbiota of mice was also altered after different dietary treatments,with higher ratio of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes,increased abundances of Ruminococcaceae,Lachnospiraceae,Christensenellaceae,Porphyromonadaceae,Rikenellaceae and Prevotellaceae,and decreased abundances of Lactobacillaceae,Peptostreptococcaceae,Erysipelotrichaceae and Actinobacteria in the HFDRR group.In addition,it was observed that PPAR signaling pathway may act as a bridge between DEGs and differential gut microbiota.These results suggested that PR can prevent hyperlipidemia by modulating liver genes and gut microbiota.

Control of GaN inverted pyramids growth on c-plane patterned sapphire substrates

Growth of gallium nitride(GaN)inverted pyramids on c-plane sapphire substrates is benefit for fabricating novel devices as it forms the semipolar facets.In this work,GaN inverted pyramids are directly grown on c-plane patterned sapphire substrates(PSS)by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy(MOVPE).The influences of growth conditions on the surface morphol-ogy are experimentally studied and explained by Wulff constructions.The competition of growth rate among{0001},{1011},and{1122}facets results in the various surface morphologies of GaN.A higher growth temperature of 985 ℃ and a lowerⅤ/Ⅲratio of 25 can expand the area of{}facets in GaN inverted pyramids.On the other hand,GaN inverted pyramids with almost pure{}facets are obtained by using a lower growth temperature of 930℃,a higherⅤ/Ⅲratio of 100,and PSS with pattern arrangement perpendicular to the substrate primary flat.

Clinical effect of operative vs nonoperative treatment on humeral shaft fractures:Systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials

BACKGROUND Whether operation is superior to non-operation for humeral shaft fracture remains debatable.We hypothesized that operation could decrease the nonunion and reintervention rates and increase the functional outcomes.AIM To compare the clinical efficacy between operative and nonoperative approaches for humeral shaft fractures.METHODS We searched the PubMed,Web of Science,ScienceDirect,and Cochrane databases from 1990 to December 2023 for clinical trials and cohort studies comparing the effects of operative and conservative methods on humeral shaft fractures.Two investigators independently extracted data from the eligible studies,and the other two assessed the methodological quality of each study.The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk bias or Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.The nonunion,reintervention and the overall complications and functional scores were pooled and analyzed using Review Manager software(version 5.3).RESULTS A total of four randomized control trials and 13 cohort studies were included,with 1285 and 1346 patients in the operative and nonoperative groups,respectively.Patients in the operative group were treated with a plate or nail,whereas those in the conservative group were managed with splint or functional bracing.Four studies were assessed as having a high risk of bias,and the other 13 were of a low risk of bias according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale or Cochrane risk bias tool.The operative group had a significantly decreased rate of nonunion[odds ratio(OR)0.30;95%CI:0.23 to 0.40,reintervention(OR:0.33;95%CI:0.24 to 0.47),and overall complications(OR:0.62;95%CI:0.49 to 0.78)].The pooled effect of the Disabilities of Arm,Shoulder,and Hand score showed a significant difference at 3[mean difference(MD)-8.26;95%CI:-13.60 to-2.92],6(MD:-6.72;95%CI:-11.34 to-2.10),and 12 months(MD:-2.55;95%CI:-4.36 to-0.74).The pooled effect of Visual Analog Scale scores and the Constant-Murley score did not significantly differ between the two groups.CONCLUSION This systematic review and meta-analysis revealed a trend of rapid functional recovery and decreased rates of nonunion and reintervention after operation for humeral shaft fracture compared to conservative treatment.

Photonics-assisted THz wireless communication enabled by wide-bandwidth packaged backilluminated modified uni-traveling-carrier photodiode

This paper presents a wide-bandwidth back-illuminated modified uni-traveling-carrier photodiode(MUTC-PD)packaged with standard WR-5 rectangular waveguide for high-speed wireless communications.With optimized epitaxy structure and coplanar waveguide electrodes,the fabricated 4-μm-diameter PD exhibits ultra-flat frequency response and high saturation power.Integrated passive circuits including low-loss bias-tee and E-plane probe are designed to package the PD into a compact module with waveguide output.The packaged PD module has demonstrated a flat frequency response with fluctuations within±2.75 d B over a broadband of 140–220 GHz and a high saturated output power of-7.8 d Bm(166μW)at 140 GHz.For wireless communication applications,the packaged PD is used to implement 1-m free space transmission at carrier frequencies of 150.5 and 210.5 GHz,with transmission rates of 75 and 90 Gbps,respectively.

Epstein-Barr virus positive post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder with significantly decreased T-cell chimerism early after transplantation:A case report

BACKGROUND Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder(PTLD)is a rare but highly fatal complication occurring after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation(allo-HCT)or solid organ transplantation(SOT).Unlike SOT,PTLD after allo-HCT usually originates from the donor and is rarely accompanied by a loss of donor chimerism.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of Epstein-Barr virus positive PTLD manifesting as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL)with significantly decreased T-cell chimerism early after allo-HCT.A 30-year-old patient with acute myeloid leukemia underwent unrelated allo-HCT after first complete remission.Nearly 3 mo after transplantation,the patient developed cervical lymph node enlargement and gastric lesions,both of which were pathologically suggestive of DLBCL.Meanwhile,the patient experienced a significant and persistent decrease in T-cell chimerism.A partial remission was achieved after chemotherapy with single agent rituximab and subsequent R-CHOP combined chemotherapy.CONCLUSION The loss of T-cell chimerism and the concomitant T-cell insufficiency may be the cause of PTLD in this patient.

The Role of MSCT in Evaluating Tumor Size,Density,Immunohistochemical Classification,and Pathological Risk in GIST Patients

Objective:To investigate the role of multilayer spiral CT(MSCT)in evaluating patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GIST),particularly its utility in determining tumor size,immunohistochemical classification,and pathological risk.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 22 GIST patients,confirmed by surgical pathology between January 2019 and December 2023.All patients underwent MSCT examination prior to surgery.Tumor size,density,and immunohistochemical classification from the MSCT results were compared with the postoperative pathological findings.Additionally,the ability of MSCT to predict GIST risk grade was evaluated in combination with immunohistochemical analysis results.Results:No significant differences were found between the preoperative MSCT findings and postoperative pathological results in terms of tumor size,density,or immunohistochemical classification in GIST patients.MSCT also enhanced the ability to predict GIST risk grades.Conclusion:MSCT demonstrates significant clinical value in the diagnosis and risk assessment of GIST,aiding in the prediction of the tumor’s biological behavior and patients’treatment responses.

Dissecting the underlying pharmaceutical mechanism of Danggui Buxue decoction acting on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with network pharmacology

Backgroud:Danggui Buxue decoction(DBD),a classical prescription in traditional Chinese medicine,has been found to have protective effect on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats by reducing alveolar inflammation and fibrosis.However,the biological activity of individual chemical components and mechanism of action of whole formula are not clear.Methods:Potential targets of active ingredients of DBD were collected through Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform and SymMap database.Target genes related to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis were obtained from the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man database,Therapeutic Targets Database and Gkb database.Then,the common targets were obtained by overlapping the potential targets of active ingredients in DBD and diseases related targets.The selected targets were subjected to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes signaling pathway and Gene Ontology analysis,and the network map of active component-target-pathway was established using Cytoscape 3.7.1 software.The active components of DBD with most targets were selected for fibrosis-related marker verification.The mRNA and protein expression of fibrosis markers,α-smooth muscle actin,collagen 1 and fibronectin,were detected in TGF-β1-induced fibroblast cell line after treatment with the active components.Results:The 14 active ingredients,such as quercetin and kaempferol,were screened from DBD.It acts on 26 targets like estrogen receptor 2 and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2,and mainly involves 38 signaling pathways such as cell inflammation and autophagy.Kaempferol and quercetin are the two compounds with the highest network regulation,which can inhibit the transformation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts and reduce the expression of fibrosis markersα-smooth muscle actin,collagen 1 and fibronectin.Conclusion:The integration mode of multi-component,multi-target,multi-channel and mechanism of DBD in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis are predicted by means of network pharmacology.Our study could indicate the direction of further anti-fibrotic mechanism research.

SYNTHESIS AND ANTITUMOR ACTIVITY OF PEPTIDYL-N^2-HYDROXYMETHYL-5-FLUOROURACIL

Six hydrophobic peptidyl and four amino acid (L-Val, L-Leu, L-Phe, L-Gly) derivatives of 5-fluorouracil(5-FU) were synthesized. The structure of these compounds were characterized by ~1H-NMR, IR, UV spectra and elemental analysis. The antitumor activity was test- ed against EAC cells in vitro.

Study on the Specific GC Chromatograms of Volatile Oil from Xinyi Biyan Pills

[Objectives]This study was conducted to establish characteristic chromatograms of of the volatile oil of Xinyi Biyan Pills by gas chromatography,discover possible problems in the production processes of different manufacturers,and further improve the quality control methods.[Methods]The volatile oil in samples was extracted and tested by gas chromatography to collect chromatograms,which were analyze and evaluated by the similarity evaluation software of chromatographic fingerprints of traditional Chinese medicine.[Results]Nineteen common peaks were calibrated in the characteristic chromatograms;and the characteristic chromatograms of samples produced by different manufacturers were obviously different.[Conclusions]Controlling the volatile components in Xinyi Biyan Pills by the established characteristic chromatograms of GC is accurate and feasible,and can be used as a quality control method for Xinyi Biyan Pills.

提高大学生专业认同感研究及其对国内大学的启示——以西弗吉尼亚大学(WVU)Mining Engineering为例

学生对所学专业的认同感是决定其专业热爱程度、学习积极性的重要影响因素。文章分析了国内矿业、安全类专业学生在专业认同感方面存在问题。阐述了国外高校在矿业工程学生专业认同感建立及培养方面的经验,提出了我国在"双一流"背景下培养采矿、安全类专业学生专业认同感的对策。

掌心里的天机——从旋光、特异性识别到手性污染

生活中许多重要的化学物质均具有手性,但大众对其认识不足。本文详细介绍了三个科普实验:手性万花筒、简易旋光仪和手性指示剂。手性万花筒可简单鉴别手性物质与非手性物质;简易旋光仪可直观地区分手性物质是左旋还是右旋,并检测手性物质的旋光度;手性指示剂无需仪器,通过颜色变化就可分辨特定结构的对映体,适合向更专业的人群展示手性物质的特异性识别。这三个实验深入浅出,操作简单,现象生动有趣,向大众科普了手性化学物质的物理性质和化学性质,有良好的科普实践展示效果,多方位展示了手性之美、化学之美。

Metformin accelerates bone fracture healing by promoting type H vessel formation through inhibition of YAP1/TAZ expression

Due to increasing morbidity worldwide,fractures are becoming an emerging public health concern.This study aimed to investigate the effect of metformin on the healing of osteoporotic as well as normal fractures.Type H vessels have recently been identified as a bone-specific vascular subtype that supports osteogenesis.Here,we show that metformin accelerated fracture healing in both osteoporotic and normal mice.Moreover,metformin promoted angiogenesis in vitro under hypoxia as well as type H vessel formation throughout fracture healing.Mechanistically,metformin increased the expression of HIF-1α,an important positive regulator of type H vessel formation,by inhibiting the expression of YAP1/TAZ in calluses and hypoxia-cultured human microvascular endothelial cells(HMECs).The results of HIF-1αor YAP1/TAZ interference in hypoxia-cultured HMECs using si RNA further suggested that the enhancement of HIF-1αand its target genes by metformin is primarily through YAP1/TAZ inhibition.Finally,overexpression of YAP1/TAZ partially counteracted the effect of metformin in promoting type H vessel-induced angiogenesis-osteogenesis coupling during fracture repair.In summary,our findings suggest that metformin has the potential to be a therapeutic agent for fractures by promoting type H vessel formation through YAP1/TAZ inhibition.

Equation governing the probability density evolution of multi-dimensional linear fractional differential systems subject to Gaussian white noise

Stochastic fractional differential systems are important and useful in the mathematics,physics,and engineering fields.However,the determination of their probabilistic responses is difficult due to their non-Markovian property.The recently developed globally-evolving-based generalized density evolution equation(GE-GDEE),which is a unified partial differential equation(PDE)governing the transient probability density function(PDF)of a generic path-continuous process,including non-Markovian ones,provides a feasible tool to solve this problem.In the paper,the GE-GDEE for multi-dimensional linear fractional differential systems subject to Gaussian white noise is established.In particular,it is proved that in the GE-GDEE corresponding to the state-quantities of interest,the intrinsic drift coefficient is a time-varying linear function,and can be analytically determined.In this sense,an alternative low-dimensional equivalent linear integer-order differential system with exact closed-form coefficients for the original highdimensional linear fractional differential system can be constructed such that their transient PDFs are identical.Specifically,for a multi-dimensional linear fractional differential system,if only one or two quantities are of interest,GE-GDEE is only in one or two dimensions,and the surrogate system would be a one-or two-dimensional linear integer-order system.Several examples are studied to assess the merit of the proposed method.Though presently the closed-form intrinsic drift coefficient is only available for linear stochastic fractional differential systems,the findings in the present paper provide a remarkable demonstration on the existence and eligibility of GE-GDEE for the case that the original high-dimensional system itself is non-Markovian,and provide insights for the physical-mechanism-informed determination of intrinsic drift and diffusion coefficients of GE-GDEE of more generic complex nonlinear systems.

An image mosaic technique with non-overlapping regions based on microscopic vision in precision assembly

Microscopic vision has been widely applied in precision assembly.To achieve sufficiently high resolution in measurements for precision assembly when the sizes of the parts involved exceed the field of view of the vision system,an image mosaic technique must be used.In this paper,a method for constructing an image mosaic with non-overlapping areas with enhanced efficiency is proposed.First,an image mosaic model for the part is created using a geometric model of the measurement system installed on a X-Y-Z precision stages with high repeatability,and a path for image acquisition is established.Second,images are captured along the same path for a specified calibration plate,and an entire image is formed based on the given model.The measurement results obtained from the specified calibration plate are utilized to identify mosaic errors and apply compensation for the part requiring measurement.Experimental results show that the maximum error is less than 4μm for a camera with pixel equivalent 2.46μm,thereby demonstrating the accuracy of the proposed method.This image mosaic technique with non-overlapping regions can simplify image acquisition and reduce the workload involved in constructing an image mosaic.

Long-term daily water temperatures unveil escalating water warming and intensifying heatwaves in the Odra river Basin,Central Europe

Water temperature is a critical indicator and weathervane of aquatic ecosystems.However,the vast majority of rivers lack long-term continuous and complete water temperature datasets.In this study,ensemble models by combining NARX(nonlinear autoregressive network with exogenous inputs)and air2stream were used to reconstruct daily river water temperatures for 27 hydrological stations in the Odra River Basin,one of the largest river systems in Europe.For each hydrological station,both the NARX and air2stream models were calibrated and validated,and the better-performed model was selected to reconstruct daily river water temperatures from 1985 to 2022.The results showed that hybrid modeling by combining NARX and air2stream is promising for reconstructing daily river water temperatures.Based on the reconstructed dataset,annual and seasonal trends of water temperature and characteristics of river heatwaves were evaluated.The results indicated that annual river water temperatures showed a consistent warming trend over the past 40 years with an average warming rate of 0.315C/decade.Seasonal river water temperatures indicated that summer warms faster,followed by autumn and spring,and winter river water temperatures showed an insignificant warming trend.River heatwaves are increased in frequency,duration,and intensity in the Odra River Basin,and 6 out of 27 hydrological stations have river heatwaves categorized as‘severe’and‘extreme’,suggesting that mitigation measures are needed to reduce the impact of climate warming on aquatic systems.Moreover,results showed that air temperature is the major controller of river heatwaves,and river heatwaves tend to intensify with the warming of air temperatures.

基于Hilbert变换的全波场分离逆时偏移成像

逆时偏移方法利用双程波算子模拟波场的正向和反向传播,通常采用互相关成像条件获得偏移剖面,是一种高精度的成像方法.但是传统的互相关成像条件会在偏移结果中产生低频噪声;此外,如果偏移速度中存在剧烈速度变化还可能进一步产生偏移假象.为了提高逆时偏移的成像质量,可在成像过程中先对震源波场和检波点波场分别进行波场分离,然后选择合适的波场成分进行互相关成像.本文基于Hilbert变换,推导了可在偏移过程中进行上下行和左右行波场分离的高效波场分离公式以及相应的成像条件,结合Sigsbee 2B合成数据,给出了不同波场成分的互相关成像结果.数值算例结果表明,采用本文提出的高效波场分离算法以及合理的波场成分互相关成像条件可以获得高信噪比的成像结果.