Study of Flow and Heat Transfer in an Ejector-Driven Swirl Anti-Icing Chamber

The formation of ice on the leading edge of aircraft engines is a serious issue,as it can have catastrophic consequences.The Swirl Anti-Icing(SAI)system,driven by ejection,circulates hot fluid within a 360°annular chamber to heat the engine inlet lip surface and prevent icing.This study employs a validated Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)approach to study the impact of key geometric parameters of this system on flow and heat transfer characteristics within the anti-icing chamber.Additionally,the entropy generation rate and exergy efficiency are analyzed to assess the energy utilization in the system.The research findings indicate that,within the considered flow range,reducing the nozzle specific areaφfrom 0.03061 to 0.01083 can enhance the ejection coefficient by over 60.7%.This enhancement increases the air circulating rate,thereby intensifying convective heat transfer within the SAI chamber.However,the reduction inφalso leads to a significant increase in the required bleed air pressure and a higher entropy generation rate,indicating lower exergy efficiency.The nozzle angleθnotably affects the distribution of hot and cold spots on the lip surface of the SAI chamber.Increasingθfrom 0°to 20°reduces the maximum temperature difference on the anti-icing chamber surface by 60 K.

Differences in clinical features of Crohn's disease and intestinal tuberculosis

AIM: To investigate the clinical features of Crohn's disease(CD) and intestinal tuberculosis(ITB) with a scoring system that we have developed.METHODS: A total of 25 CD and 40 ITB patients were prospectively enrolled from August 2011 to July 2012.Their characteristics and clinical features were recorded. Laboratory, endoscopic, histologic and radiographic features were determined. The features with a high specificity were selected to establish a scoring system. The features supporting CD scored +1, and those supporting ITB scored-1; each patient received a final total score. A receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was used to determine the best cut-off value for distinguishing CD from ITB.RESULTS: Based on a high specificity of differentiating between CD and ITB, 12 features, including longitudinal ulcers, nodular hyperplasia, cobblestone-like mucosa, intestinal diseases, intestinal fistula, the target sign, the comb sign, night sweats, the purified protein derivative test, the interferon-γ release assay(T-SPOT.TB), ring ulcers and ulcer scars, were selected for the scoring system. The results showed that the average total score of the CD group was 3.12 ± 1.740, the average total score of the ITB group was-2.58 ± 0.984, the best cutoff value for the ROC curve was-0.5, and the diagnostic area under the curve was 0.997, which was statistically significant(P < 0.001). The patients whose total scores were higher than-0.5 were diagnosed with CD; otherwise, patients were diagnosed with ITB. Overall, the diagnostic accuracy rate and misdiagnosis rate of this scoring system were 97% and 3%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Some clinical features are valuable for CD and ITB diagnosis. The described scoring system is key to differentiating between CD and ITB.

Experimental Study on the Performance of an Onboard Hollow-Fiber-Membrane Air Separation Module

Onboard air separation devices,based on hollow fiber membranes,are traditionally used for the optimization of aircraft fuel tank inerting systems.In the present study,a set of tests have been designed and executed to assess the air separation performances of these systems for different air inlet temperatures(70°C∼110°C),inlet pressures(0.1∼0.4 MPa),volume flow rates of nitrogen-enriched air(NEA)(30∼120 L/min)and flight altitudes(1.5∼18 km).In particular,the temperature,pressure,volume flow rate,and oxygen concentration of air,NEA and oxygen-enriched air(OEA)have been measured.The experimental results show that the oxygen concentration of NEA,air separation coefficient,and nitrogen utilization coefficient decrease with the rising of air inlet temperature,air inlet pressure,and flight altitude.The effect of air inlet pressure on the above three parameters is significant,while the influence of air inlet temperature and flight altitude is relatively small.

Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma induced hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy: A case report

BACKGROUND Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma(AITL) is a subtype of peripheral T-cell lymphoma, with heterogenous clinical manifestations and poor prognosis. Here,we report a case of AITL induced hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis(HLH)and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy(DIC).CASE SUMMARY An 83-year-old man presented with fever and purpura of both lower limbs for one month. Groin lymph node puncture and flow cytometry indicated a diagnosis of AITL. Bone marrow examination and other laboratory related indexes indicated DIC and HLH. The patient rapidly succumbed to gastrointestinal bleeding and septic shock.CONCLUSION This is the first reported case of AITL induced HLH and DIC. AITL is more aggressive in older adults. In addition to male gender, mediastinal lymphadenopathy, anaemia, and sustained high level of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio may indicate a greater risk of death. Early diagnosis, early detection of severe complications, and prompt and effective treatment are vital.

Identification of the Diterpenoids Produced by Endophytic Fungus of Torreya fargesii and Its Inhibitory Effect on Hela Cells

[Objectives] The purpose of this study is to dissociate endophytic fungus producing diterpenoids from Torreya fargesii tissue and examines its inhibiting effect on tumor cells. [Methods]Plant endophytes were isolated and purified to study their resistance to Gram-positive( G+) and Gram-negative bacteria( G-). High performance liquid chromatography( HPLC) was used for analysis of the retention time,relative peak area and percentage content of its metabolite. By liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry( HPLC-MS),the material characteristic of the ion pair information of the metabolites was measured. The bacterial strain was also classified. [Results] The results showed that the secondary metabolites produced by the strain BP6 T3 possessed double resistance to G+and G-bacteria. The strain was identified as Penicillium sp by preliminary classification. Through HPLC analysis,the retention time of fermentation extracts was 12. 8 min with almost the same as the standard of taxol. According to the chromatograph,the relative peak area was 12 887. 11,the average relative percentage was about 15. 8%,and the content of taxol analogs in fermentation broth reached 16. 59 mg/L. The material characteristic of the formation of ion fragments of taxane analogues in metabolic extracts was identical to that of the taxol standard determined by HPLC-MS. It can be initially determined that strain BP6 T3 can produce taxane compounds. Taxol substance produced by this strain had obvious inhibitory effect on Hela cells with the concentration increasing. Different precursors had a significant effect on the production of paclitaxel metabolites in this strain. L-phenylalanine was used as the precursor and the yield increased most,with an increase rate of 425. 7%. [Conclusions] The strain is expected to be used for mass production in antitumor drug taxol.

Compare the postoperative complications incidence of benign multi-nodular goiter: A meta-analysis

Objective： The aim of our study was to compare the risk of main postoperative complications of patients un- derwent total thyroidectomy （TT）, near total thyroidectomy （NTT） and subtotal thyroidectomy （ST） for treating BMNG. Methods： Electronic databases including Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, EMbase, Medline, SCI Expanded-ISI, NTIS, SIGLE and CNKI were searched. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials which compared the incidence of postoperative complications of TT with ST/NTT for treating BMNG. Data extraction was using predefined data fields and assessment of methodological quality with the GRADE approach. A ManteI-Haenszel random-effects model was used and the effect sizes were expressed by using relative risks and 95% confidence intervals. Results： Four studies including 881 participants that met inclusion criteria were analyzed. Compared with ST/NTT, TT was associated with increased risk of transient RLNI （recur- rent laryngeal nerve injuries） （relative risk 2.18, 95% confidence interval 1.08 to 4.42; P 〈 0.05） and transient hypocalcemia （3.79, 1.64 to 8.77; P 〈 0.05）, but there were no statistically significant differences in permanent RLNI （1.36, 0.31 to 6.02; P 〉 0.05） and permanent hypocalcemia （2.37, 0.35 to 15.97; P 〉 0.05）. The quality of evidence for each individual outcome was ultimately rated as moderate （permanent RLNI and permanent hypocalcemia）, low （transient RLNI and transient hypocalce- mia）. Conclusion： For treating BMNG with thyroidectomy, there were no statistically significant differences in postoperative complications between TT and ST/NTT on a long view.

Unraveling the advantages of Pd/CeO_(2)single-atom catalysts in the NO+CO reaction by model catalysts

Selective catalytic reduction of NO by CO is challenging in environmental catalysis but attractive owing to the advantage of simultaneous elimination of NO and CO.Here,model catalysts consisting of Pd nanoparticles(NPs)and single-atom Pd supported on a CeO_(2)(111)film grown on Cu(111)(denoted as Pd NPs/CeO_(2)and Pd_(1)/CeO_(2),respectively)were successfully prepared and characterized by synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy(SRPES)and infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy(IRAS).The NO+CO adsorption/reaction on the Pd_(1)/CeO_(2)and Pd NPs/CeO_(2)catalysts were carefully investigated using SRPES,temperature-programmed desorption(TPD),and IRAS.It is found that the reaction products on both model catalysts are in good agreement with those on real catalysts,demonstrating the good reliability of using these model catalysts to study the reaction mechanism of the NO+CO reaction.On the Pd NPs/CeO_(2)surface,N_(2)is formed by the combination of atomic N coming from the dissociation of NO on Pd NPs at higher temperatures.N_(2)O formation occurs probably via chemisorbed NO combined with atomic N on the surface.While on the single-atom Pd_(1)/CeO_(2)surface,no N_(2)O is detected.The 100%N_(2)selectivity may stem from the formation of O-N-N-O^(*)intermediate on the surface.Through this study,direct experimental evidence for the reaction mechanisms of the NO+CO reaction is provided,which supports the previous density functional theory(DFT)calculations.

Metabolic regulation in the immune response to cancer

Metabolic reprogramming in tumor-immune interactions is emerging as a key factor affecting pro-inflammatory carcinogenic effects and anticancer immune responses.Therefore,dysregulated metabolites and their regulators affect both cancer progression and therapeutic response.Here,we describe the molecular mechanisms through which microenvironmental,systemic,and microbial metabolites potentially influence the host immune response to mediate malignant progression and therapeutic intervention.We summarized the primary interplaying factors that constitute metabolism,immunological reactions,and cancer with a focus on mechanistic aspects.Finally,we discussed the possibility of metabolic interventions at multiple levels to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapeutic and conventional approaches for future anticancer treatments.

BHONEM:Binary High-Order Network Embedding Methods for Net worked-Guarantee Loans

Networked-guarantee loans may cause systemic risk related concern for the government and banks in China.The prediction of the default of enterprise loans is a typical machine learning based classification problem, and the networked guarantee makes this problem very difficult to solve. As we know, a complex network is usually stored and represented by an adjacency matrix. It is a high-dimensional and sparse matrix, whereas machine-learning methods usually need lowdimensional dense feature representations. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a binary higher-order network embedding method to learn the low-dimensional representations of a guarantee network. We first set vertices of this heterogeneous economic network by binary roles (guarantor and guarantee), and then define high-order adjacent measures based on their roles and economic domain knowledge. Afterwards, we design a penalty parameter in the objective function to balance the importance of network structure and adjacency. We optimize it by negative sampling based gradient descent algorithms,which solve the limitation of stochastic gradient descent on weighted edges without compromising efficiency. Finally, we test our proposed method on three real-world network datasets. The result shows that this method outperforms other start-of-the-art algorithms for both classification accuracy and robustness, especially in a guarantee network.

Oxygen modified CoP2 supported palladium nanoparticles as highly efficient catalyst for hydrolysis of ammonia borane

Ammonia borane(AB)is regarded as a promising chemical hydrogen-storage material due to its high hydrogen content,nontoxicity,and long-term stability under ambient temperature.However,constructing advanced catalysts to further promote the hydrogen production still remains a challenge for the hydrolysis of AB.Herein,we report a novel oxygen modified CoP_(2)(O-CoP_(2))material with dispersed palladium nanoparticles(Pd NPs)as a highly efficient and sustainable catalyst for AB hydrolysis.The modification of oxygen could optimize the catalytic synergy effect between CoP_(2)and Pd NPs,achieving enhanced catalytic activity with a turnover frequency(TOF)number of 532 min^(-1)and an activation energy(E_(a))value of 16.79 kJ·mol^(-1).Meanwhile,reaction kinetic experiments prove that the activation of water is the rate-determining step(RDS).The water activation mechanism is revealed by quasi in-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and in-situ X-ray absorption fine structure(XAFS)measurements.The activation of water leads to the production of-H and-OH groups,which are further adsorbed on the oxygen atoms in P-O bond and Pd atoms,respectively.In addition,density functional theory(DFT)calculations indicate that the introduced oxygen facilitates the adsorption and activation of water molecules.This novel modulation strategy successfully sheds new light on the development of advanced catalysts for hydrolysis of AB and beyond.