URSL、FURS和MPCNL治疗输尿管上段嵌顿性结石的疗效和安全性的比较

目的比较微创经尿道输尿管镜联合钬激光碎石取石术(URSL)、输尿管软镜联合钬激光碎石取石术(FURS)和经皮肾镜碎石取石术(MPCNL)3种术式的优缺点,探讨治疗上段输尿管嵌顿性结石的术式选取。方法选取2015年1月-2017年12月广州医科大学附属第五医院上段输尿管结石(>15 mm)患者150例。将患者按1∶1∶1的比例随机分为URSL组、FURS组及MPCNL组。主要分析指标为治疗成功率、术后1个月的结石清除率,次要分析指标为术中、术后的相关参数,以及与手术相关并发症的发生情况。结果URSL组的治疗成功率和结石清除率为62.0%和72.0%;FURS组为82.0%和91.1%;MPCNL组为94.0%和96.0%。3组治疗成功率、平均手术时间、术后住院时间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);3组需辅助体外冲击波碎石术(ESWL)辅助率与术后1个月结石消除率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。URSL组的治疗成功率低于FURS组和MPCNL组。MPCNL组治疗成功率优于FURS组。URSL组平均手术时间、术后住院时间优于另外两组。结论MPCNL和FURS具有大致相同的结石清除率,均优于URSL,可能更适用于上段输尿管嵌顿性结石的治疗。与MPCNL比较,FURS治疗失败及术后感染风险均较高。此外,如果患者不适合行全身麻醉或手术耐受力差,可考虑行URSL。

倾斜管道中大颗粒浆体阻力损失的研究

采用文献研究法、理论分析法,分析和研究国内外大颗粒浆体管道输送方面的实验数据和生产实践中的测试数据,通过非线性拟合方法,给出大粒径固体颗粒干涉力修正系数的计算公式。通过分析和研究大颗粒浆体水力坡度(摩阻损失),提出了新的计算模型,并采用相关的试验数据对所提出的浆体水力坡度(摩阻损失)进行了验证,模型的验证表明:提出大颗粒浆体水力坡度计算模型可以为大颗粒浆体阻力损失的研究提供理论依据。

TLS和PD-1/PD-L1信号通路在肝细胞癌免疫治疗方面的研究进展

肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)是全球最常见的恶性肿瘤之一。近年来发现程序性死亡因子1及其受体(programmed cell death-1 and its ligand,PD-1/PD-L1)与HCC的产生和发展密切相关,为免疫治疗提供了一个新方向。然而,抗PD-1/PD-L1免疫治疗缺乏有效的生物标志物。最新研究发现,三级淋巴结构(tertiary lymphoid structures,TLS)对HCC的抗PD-1/PD-L1免疫治疗效果有一定的预测价值。本文对TLS和PD-1/PD-L1信号通路的发生过程,以及二者在肝细胞癌中的表达和临床中的具体研究进展作一综述,以期为TLS和PD-1/PD-L1信号通路在肝细胞癌中的应用前景提供新的参考。

Therapeutic role of growth factors in treating diabetic wound

Wounds in diabetic patients,especially diabetic foot ulcers,are more difficult to heal compared with normal wounds and can easily deteriorate,leading to amputation.Common treatments cannot heal diabetic wounds or control their many complications.Growth factors are found to play important roles in regulating complex diabetic wound healing.Different growth factors such as transforming growth factor beta 1,insulin-like growth factor,and vascular endothelial growth factor play different roles in diabetic wound healing.This implies that a therapeutic modality modulating different growth factors to suit wound healing can significantly improve the treatment of diabetic wounds.Further,some current treatments have been shown to promote the healing of diabetic wounds by modulating specific growth factors.The purpose of this study was to discuss the role played by each growth factor in therapeutic approaches so as to stimulate further therapeutic thinking.

不同强度有氧运动对原发性开角型青光眼患者黄斑区视网膜血管密度的影响

目的:探讨不同强度有氧运动对原发性开角型青光眼(POAG)患者黄斑区视网膜血管密度的影响。方法:前瞻性病例对照研究。纳入2019-01/2021-04于我院诊断为POAG患者48例88眼。招募本院学生、职工及其他科室患者家属43例86眼为正常对照组。使用免散瞳眼底照相机行免散瞳眼底照相检查。采用黄斑血管分割法进行黄斑区血管密度测定。根据黄斑区血管密度将POAG患者分为低血管密度组和高血管密度组,各24例。指导48例POAG的患者进行跑台负荷运动,比较高强度(76%~87%HRmax)、中等强度(64%~75%HRmax)和低强度(52%~63%HRmax)运动下患者的黄斑区血管密度水平。结果:正常对照组患者的黄斑区血管密度明显高于POAG组患者;与高血管密度组患者相比,低血管密度组患者的年龄、收缩压均明显较高,体质量明显较低;低血管密度组和高血管密度组患者,在中等强度有氧运动下的黄斑区视网膜血管密度均明显高于低强度和高强度有氧运动;收缩压和有氧运动是黄斑区血管密度的影响因素;以上比较结果均有差异(P<0.05)。结论:收缩压和有氧运动是黄斑区血管密度的影响因素,中等强度有氧运动可使低血管密度组和高血管密度组患者的黄斑区血管密度明显增加。

Chromosome-level genome assembly of the dotted gizzard shad(Konosirus punctatus) provides insights into its adaptive evolution

Konosirus punctatus is an economically important marine fishery resource and is widely distributed from the Indian to Pacific oceans.It is a good non-model species for genetic studies on salinity and temperature adaptation.However,a high-quality reference genome has not yet been reported.

长期培养和宏组学分析揭示了烃污染环境中的甲基营养型产甲烷途径

针对石油烃污染的厌氧环境,利用微生物的代谢作用将石油烃转化为甲烷是一种潜在的生物修复策略。然而,目前对于微生物厌氧烃降解产甲烷的机制尚不清楚。经过十年的持续富集和转接培养,我们获得了一种能够降解正构烷烃(C_(15)~C_(20))并且产甲烷富集培养体系,并且经过转接培养该培养物在甲烷生产的动力学特性方面得到了持续的提高。综合宏基因组和宏转录组的分析结果,发现正构烷烃主要通过Desulfosarcinaceae、Firmicutes和Synergistetes菌通过富马酸加成的方式进行起始活化,然后在Tepidiphilus菌的协同作用下进一步降解。同时,体系中含量较多的Anaerolineaceae菌主要负责死细胞生物质的回收。根据宏转录组学分析结果,甲烷主要通过H2依赖型的甲基营养甲烷途径产生,主要由候选门Verstraetearchaeta内的Methanomethyliaceae通过利用死细胞生物质回收代谢过程中产生的三甲胺来产生甲烷。这些发现表明,依赖H2的甲基营养产甲烷菌以及甲基营养产甲烷菌可能在含石油烃的地下生态系统的碳循环过程中发挥着重要的作用。

Secondary electron emission model for photo-emission from metals in the vacuum ultraviolet

This study investigates two secondary electron emission(SEE)models for photoelectric energy distribution curves f(E_(ph),hγ),B,E_(mean),absolute quantum efficiency(AQE),and the mean escape depth of photo-emitted electronsλof metals.The proposed models are developed from the density of states and the theories of photo-emission in the vacuum ultraviolet and SEE,where B is the mean probability that an internal photo-emitted electron escapes into vacuum upon reaching the emission surface of the metal,and E_(mean)is the mean energy of photo-emitted electrons measured from vacuum.The formulas for f(E_(ph),hγ),B,λ,E_(mean),and AQE that were obtained were shown to be correct for the cases of Au at hγ=8.1–11.6 eV,Ni at hγ=9.2–11.6 eV,and Cu at hγ=7.7–11.6 eV.The photoelectric cross sections(PCS)calculated here are analyzed,and it was confirmed that the calculated PCS of the electrons in the conduction band of Au at hγ=8.1–11.6eV,Ni at hγ=9.2–11.6 eV,and Cu at hγ=7.7–11.6 eV are correct.

hMex-3A is associated with poor prognosis and contributes to the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma

Background:HMex-3A,an RNA-binding protein,was found to be associated with tumorigenesis.However,the roles of h Mex-3A in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)progression remained unclear.Methods:The different expression of h Mex-3A between HCC tissues and non-tumor tissues was evaluated using The Cancer Genome Atlas database.Thereafter,the h Mex-3A expression was evaluated in HCC tissues using Western blotting and q RT-PCR.Immunohistochemistry was performed to investigate the association between h Mex-3 A level and clinicopathological features including prognosis in HCC patients.In addition,we used si-h Mex-3A to knockdown h Mex-3A in HCC cells to test Cell Counting Kit-8,colony formation,cell migration and invasion.Results:The h Mex-3A expression was significantly elevated in HCC tissues.Analysis of the clinicopathological parameters suggested that h Mex-3A expression was significantly associated with pathological grade(P=0.019)and TNM stage(P=0.001)in HCC.Moreover,univariate and multivariate Coxregression analyses revealed that high h Mex-3A expression(HR=1.491,95%CI:1.107–2.007;P=0.009)was an independent risk factor for overall survival in HCC patients.Finally,we confirmed that si-h Mex-3A could significantly inhibit HCC cell proliferation,migration,and invasion in vitro.Conclusions:HMex-3A may contribute to the progression of HCC and might be used as a novel therapeutic target and prognostic marker in HCC.

A review of the graded treatment strategy for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia

The emergence of the 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV)from China has triggered a worldwide outbreak of viral pneumonia.With the rapid outbreak,frontline clinical researchers are exploring experimental treatments.We searched Pubmed,Web of Science,BMJ(British medical association),Cochrane library,Elsevier Science Direct,OUP(Oxford University Press),and CUP(Cambridge university press)databases.A total of 67 articles of literature and studies on COVID-19 therapy were searched and screened.Literature and research sources include China and other English-speaking countries such as Europe and the United States.We obtained and summarised the current treatment regimens for COVID-19,including antiviral therapy,hormone therapy,oxygen therapy,routine therapy,and rehabilitation therapy,and standardized the above regimens.We reviewed the indications,adverse reactions,and timing of this treatment regimen.Hopefully,it will help those countries that are in the midst of an outbreak.As for treatment for COVID-19,clinicians need a professional and comprehensive treatment program,which has high requirements for the hospital's treatment equipment and management standards,drug development and use standards,national financial support,physicians'treatment level and patients'active cooperation.

Acetylene/argon mixture plasma to build ultrathin carbon bridge of CF_(x)/C/MnO_(2) for high-rate lithium primary battery

Forming an ultrathin conducting layer on a fluorinated carbon(CFx)surface for reducing severe electrochemical polarization in lithium/fluorinated carbon primary batteries(Li/CF_(x))remains a considerable challenge for achieving batteries with excellent rate capability.Herein,CFxwas modified by using acetylene/argon mixture plasma combined with MnO_(2)particles.The CF_(x)/C/MnO_(2)composite effectively reduced the voltage hysteresis and improved the electrochemical performance of Li/CF_(x).The excellent rate performance of CF_(x)/C/MnO_(2)was due to the high electrochemical activity provided by the atomicscale conductive carbon layer and ultrafine MnO_(2)particles.Compared with pristine CF_(x),the charge transfer resistance of the optimized CF_(x)/C/MnO_(2)decreased from 218.5 to 48.2Ω,the discharge rate increased from 2C to 10C,and the power density increased from 3.11 to 13.44 kW·g^(-1),The intrinsic reason for the enhanced rate performance was attributed to the fact that the ultrathin carbon layer acted as a conductive bridge to reduce the voltage hysteresis at the initial stage of the Li/CF_(x)discharge,and the high electrochemical activity of the ultrafine MnO_(2)particles provided a faster lithium-ion diffusion rate.

Numerical investigations of the interactions between bubble induced shock waves and particle based on OpenFOAM

The presence of particles and the shock waves generated by the cavitation bubbles can significantly affect the safety and the performance of hydrodynamic machineries.In the present paper,the shock waves generated by cavitation bubble collapsing near the particle are numerically investigated based on the OpenFOAM together with the numerical schlieren for the shock wave identifications.The numerical results reveal that the stand-off distance is one of the paramount factors affecting the interactions between the particle and the shock waves.Several different kinds of shock waves(e.g.,bubble-inception,jet formation,particle reflected and jet-split shock waves)are observed during the bubble collapsing near the particle.For stand-off distance smaller than 0.5 or larger than 1.1,the maximum pressure at particle surface generated by the bubble growth can surpass those of the collapse stage.

Flexible carbon fiber-based composites for electromagnetic interference shielding

With the rapid development of electronic information technology,the waste electromagnetic radiation generated by the wireless and various other electronic devices has caused serious harm to human health.The development of high-efficiency flexible electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding materials has become one of the most effective ways to mitigate the increasingly serious problem of electromagnetic pollution.Flexible carbon fiber composites possess most of the physical requirements needed for EMI shielding applications,including high electrical conductivity,large specific surface area,light weight,flexibility,porous structure,and adjustable physical and chemical properties,and various morphology of carbon fibers-based composites applied EMI.In this review,the primary EMI shielding mechanism of carbonfiber-based materials is presented.Since carbon fiber suffers from a low absorption efficiency when used for EMI shielding by itself,it is usually combined with additional EMI filling materials.Therefore,the methods of adding EMI filler materials to the carbon fiber framework and the influence of different fillers on the EMI shielding performance are also discussed.In addition,the novel structural designs of flexible carbon fiber-based EMI shielding materials,including fiber orientation,core-shell structure,and multilayer heterostructure,are summarized in terms of their classification,which includes composites with metal,polymer,nano-carbon,and MXenes.The review concludes with a brief discussion of the challenges,research directions,and future prospects of carbon-fiber-based EMI shielding materials.

A review of helical carbon materials structure,synthesis and applications

The helical structures possess unique physical and chemical properties,such as superelasticity,high specific strength,chirality,and electromagnetic cross-polarization characteristics.With the development of nanoscience and nanotechnology,helical structures with various scales have been discovered or synthesized artificially.Among them,the helical carbon materials receive much attention around the world.Herein,we present a brief review of the development of helical carbon materials in terms of structures,synthesis techniques and mechanisms,and applications.The controllable designing of catalysts,carbon sources and reaction parameters plays a key role to optimize the properties of the helical carbon materials.At the same time,the applications in microwave absorption devices,sensors,catalysts,energy conversions and storage devices,and solar cell are also presented.For the good chemical and physical properties,helical carbon materials have a good application prospect in many fields.The potential issues and future opportunities of the helical carbon materials are also proposed.

Therapeutic strategies for chronic wound infection

Chronic wounds have always been a tough fight in clinical practice,which can not only make patients suffer from pain physically and mentally but also impose a heavy burden on the society.More than one factor is relevant to each step of the development of chronic wounds.Along with the in-depth research,we have realized that figuring out the pathophysiological mechanism of chronic wounds is the foundation of treatment,while wound infection is the key point concerned.The cause of infection should be identified and prevented promptly once diagnosed.This paper mainly describes the mechanism,diagnosis and therapeutic strategies of chronic wound infection,and will put an emphasis on the principle of debridement.

An alkaline fusion mechanism for aluminate rare earth phosphor:cation-oxoanion synergies theory

Waste aluminate rare earth phosphor is an important rare earth elements (REEs) secondary resource, which mainly consists of BaMgAl1()O|7:Eu2+(BAM) and CeMgAl11O19:Tb^3+(CMAT). Alkaline fusion process is widely used to recycle REEs from aluminate phosphor, but the related theory remains imperfect. In this paper, a series of alkaline fusion experiments of CMAT were performed to describe the phase change law of CMAT reactions. Based on comprehensive analysis, cation-oxoanion synergies theory (COST) was proposed to explain the aluminate phosphor structure damage. On the mirror plane of aluminate phosphor crystal structure, alkali metal cations (Na^+,K^+) would substitute rare earth ions, while free oxoanion (OH^-, CO3^2-, O2^2-) can combine with rare earth ions. These two ionic forces ensure that rare earth ions can be substituted by cations. Then, the structure is decomposed. Morphological analysis shows that observable expression of COST can be described by shrinking core model after simplification. Reaction rate constant calculated indicates that the reaction degree is nanometers per second. COST provides a more complete mechanism, and it can help improve rare earth recycling technology furtherly.

Mechanism of CeMgAl_(11)O_(19):Tb^(3+) alkaline fusion with sodium hydroxide

Comprehensive CeMgA111O19： Tb3＋ （CTMA） disintegration via alkaline fusion was discussed. The rare earth （RE） elements in CTMA were dissolved by HC1 completely after alkaline fusion. Relationships between the alkaline fusion temperature and various properties of the compounds were examined by various techniques to elu- cidate their roles in the expected CTMA disintegration. X-ray diffraction （XRD） analysis indicates the phase transformation sequence. A scientific hypothesis of crystal structure disintegration presents that sodium ions substitute for the europium and barium ions in the mirror plane and magnesium ions in the spinel block successively, resulting in that more oxygen vacancies and interstitial sodium ions appear. The unit cell [P63/mmc （194）] breaks from the mirror plane. Then it is decomposed into NaA102, and magnesium, cerium, and terbium ions combine with free OH- into MgO, Tb2O3 and CeO2; Tb2O3 and CeO2 change into Ceo.6Tbo.O2-x. In the end, the rare earth oxide is recycled easily by the acidolysis. The mechanism provides fundamental basis for recycling of REEs from waste phosphors.