Mechanistic study of lipid metabolism disorders in diabetic kidney disease treated with GLQMP based on network pharmacology,molecular docking and in vitro experiments

Background:In this study,we used network pharmacology and molecular docking combined with vitro experiments to explore the potential mechanism of action of Gualou Qumai pill(GLQMP)against DKD.Methods:We screened effective compounds and drug targets using Chinese medicine systemic pharmacology database and analysis platform and Chinese medicine molecular mechanism bioinformatics analysis tools;and searched for DKD targets using human online Mendelian genetics and gene cards.The potential targets of GLQMP for DKD were obtained through the intersection of drug targets and disease targets.Cytoscape software was applied to build herbal medicine-active compound-target-disease networks and analyze them;protein-protein interaction networks were analyzed using the STRING database platform;gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes were used for gene ontology and gene and genome encyclopedia to enrich potential targets using the DAVID database;and the AutoDock Vina 1.1.2 software for molecular docking of key targets with corresponding key components.In vitro experiments were validated by CCK8,oil red O staining,TC,TG,RT-qPCR,and Western blot.Results:Through network pharmacology analysis,a total of 99 potential therapeutic targets of GLQMP for DKD and the corresponding 38 active compounds were obtained,and 5 core compounds were identified.By constructing the protein-protein interaction network and performing network topology analysis,we found that PPARA and PPARG were the key targets,and then we molecularly docked these two key targets with the 38 active compounds,especially the 5 core compounds,and found that PPARA and PPARG had good binding ability with a variety of compounds.In vitro experiments showed that GLQMP was able to ameliorate HK-2 cell injury under high glucose stress,improve cell viability,reduce TC and TG levels as well as decrease the accumulation of lipid droplets,and RT-qPCR and Western blot confirmed that GLQMP was able to promote the expression levels of PPARA and PPARG.Conclusion:Overall,this study revealed the active compounds,important targets and possible mechanisms of GLQMP treatment for DKD,and conducted preliminary verification experiments on its correctness,provided novel insights into the treatment of DKD by GLQMP.

Exploring the molecular mechanism of Suoquan pill in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease based on network pharmacology,molecular docking,in vitro experiment

Background:Diabetic kidney disease(DKD)is a microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and is the main cause of end-stage renal failure.Suoquan pills(SQP)has a variety of pharmacological activities and multiple therapeutic effects,and it is used clinically as a basic formula for the treatment of DKD.Methods:Public databases were used to identify SQP compounds and the potential targets of SQP and DKD.A drug-component-therapeutic target network was constructed.Protein-protein interaction network analysis,Gene Ontology functional analysis,and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis were used to analyse the potential molecular mechanisms of SQP based on common targets of drugs and diseases.Molecular docking simulations were conducted to confirm the binding abity of the core compounds to key targets.The efficacy and predicted molecular mechanisms of SQP were validated using cell counting kit-8 assay,flow cytometry,and western blotting with HK-2 cells as a model.Results:Network pharmacology analysis showed that 26 compounds and 207 potential targets of SQP were involved in the treatment of DKD;boldine,denudatin B,pinocembrin,kaempferoid,and quercetin were considered core compounds,and epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)and proto-oncogene,non-receptor tyrosine kinase(SRC)were considered key targets.Gene Ontology enrichment analysis indicated that protein phosphorylation and negative regulation of apoptotic processes are important biological processes in the treatment of DKD by SQP.Molecular docking confirmed the excellent binding abilities of boldine,denudatin B,kaempferide,and quercetin to EGFR and SRC.The results of in vitro experiments showed that treatment with an ethanolic extract of SQP significantly protected HK-2 cells from high glucose-induced cell damage.In addition,the SQP ethanol extract inhibited the phosphorylation of EGFR and SRC,suppressed the apoptosis rate,and regulated apoptosis-related proteins in HK-2 cells under high glucose stress.Conclusion:This study systematically and intuitively illustrated the possible pharmacological mechanisms of SQP against DKD through multiple components,targets,and signalling pathways,especially the inhibition of EGFR and SRC phosphorylation and apoptosis.

Network pharmacology and verification experiment-based prediction of active components and potential targets of Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus-Saposhnikoviae Radix(Yizhiren-Fangfeng)for treatment of diabetic kidney disease

Background:In this study,we analyzed the potential active components,related crucial targets and possible signaling pathway mechanisms of Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus and Saposhnikoviae Radix(AOF-SR)herb pairs in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease(DKD)using network pharmacology and verification experiments.Methods:The active compounds and potential targets of AOF-SR were derived from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform,The Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine,and PubChem databases,and the potential therapeutic targets of DKD were derived from the OMIM,Drugbank,and DisGeNET databases.The“compounds-diseases-targets”network was constructed using Cytoscape 3.6.0.ClusterMaker functionality in Cytoscape is being used to screen important targets for AOF-SR treatment of DKD.Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis of important targets were performed using DAVID database.In addition,according to the predicted results of network pharmacology,HK-2 cells were used to construct DKD model for verification experiment.HK-2 cells were divided into control group,high glucose(HG)group and AOF-SR(HG+AOF-SR)group to detect survival rate and expression of key proteins in NF-κB and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.Results:A total of 38 compounds were selected from AOF-SR,of which 23 were Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus and 15 were Saposhnikoviae Radix.Through enrichment analysis of 82 important targets,88 signaling pathways were identified;some of these pathways,such as the NF-κB,PI3K-Akt,IL-17,and JAK/STAT signaling pathways,regulate the pathological process of DKD.In verification experiment,the HK-2 cells survival rate was higher in the HG+AOF-SR group than in the HG group(P<0.05).Moreover,western blotting results showed that the expression levels of NF-κB,p-PI3K,and p-Akt in HG+AOF-SR group were significantly lower than those in HG group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Overall,this study revealed the active compounds,important targets and possible mechanisms of AOF-SR treatment for DKD,and conducted preliminary verification experiments on its correctness,provided novel insights into the treatment of DKD by AOF-SR.

Pregnane receptor gene polymorphisms,pathogenic bacteria distribution and drug sensitivity,and TCM dyndrome differentiation in patients with cholelithiasis

Objective:To investigate the distribution of pathogens and drug resistance in bile and the association between the pregane X receptor(PXR) gene polymorphisms,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndromes and the risk of cholesterol gallstone disease(CGD).Methods:A total of 392 samples were enrolled in this study from January 2014 to February 2015.among which 192 patients were with CGD.and 200 samples were healthy.Strains were isolated and susceptibility testing was the disk diffusion method susceptibility testing.The patients were divided into hepatochlic hygropyrexia.stagnation of liver-qi.and the accumulation of damp.The PXR gene polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism.The association between the PXR gene polymorphisms and the risk of CGD was examined by logistic regression analysis.Results:A total of 192 cases were detected in 230 of bile culture pathogens,including Grain-negative bacteria 133(57.83%),Gram-positive bacteria76(33.04%),and fungi 21(9.13%).The top five pathogens were Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae.Enterococcus faecalis,Candida albicans,and Enterococcus feces,ot which 110 cases was of single infection.48 cases of mixed infection of two strains,eight cases of mixed infection of three bacteria.Among 59 Escherichia coli,the yield extended-spectrum beta-laetamases had 40(67.80%).The hepatochlic hygropyrexia was the most TCM syndrome,followed by stagnation of liver-qi.and the accumulation of damp was least.Different pathogens and the rs6785049 genotypes distributed differently in cholelithiasis patients with different TCM syndromes(P<0.05).In hepatochlic hygropyrexia patients the Gram-negative bacteria was most.There was significant differences between CGD group and control group in rs6785049(P<0.001).Comparison with wild-type portable GG.GA genotype increased the risk of the occurrence of gallstones(OR=0.40.95%CI:0.16-0.79);likewise,carrying the GA + AA genotype also increased the risk(OR=0.38,95%CI:0.19-0.81).There was no significant differences in rs2276707,rs3814055 site polymorphic loci alleles in CGD group and control group.Conclusions:In the treatment of cholelithiasis,bile samples should be collected for bacterial culture and sensitivity test,and drugs should be strictly chosen based on the results.The rs6785049 polymorphisms in PXR gene may increase the risk of gallstones ontogeny,and gallstones can he early detected and prevented by detecting genotypes.rs6785049 polymorphisms in PXR gene may has relationship with TCM syndromes.

Effect of emodin on mobility signal transduction system of gallbladder smooth muscle in Guinea pig with cholelithiasis

Objective: To study the effect of emodin on protein and gene expressions of the massagers in mobility signal transduction system of cholecyst smooth muscle cells in guinea pig with cholesterol calculus. Methods: The guinea pigs were randomly divided into 4 groups, such as control group, gall-stone(GS) group, emodin group and ursodesoxycholic acid(UA) group. Cholesterol calculus models were induced in guinea pigs of GS, emodin and UA groups of induced models by lithogenic diet, while emodin or UA were given to the corresponding group for 7 weeks. The histomorphological and ultrastructure change of gallbladder were detected by microscope and electron microscope, the content of plasma cholecystokinin(CCK) and [Ca^(2+)]i were analyzed successively by radioimmunoassay and flow cytometry. The protein and mR NA of Gsα, Giα and Cap in cholecyst cells were determined by western blotting and real time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). Results: Emodin or UA can relieve pathogenic changes in epithelial cells and muscle cells in gallbladder of guinea pig with cholesterol calculus by microscope and transmission electron microscope. In the cholecyst cells of GS group, CCK levels in plasma and [Ca^(2+)]i decreased, the protein and m RNA of GS group were downregulated,the protein and m RNA of Gi and Cap were up-regulated. Emodin significantly decreased the formative rate of gallstone, improved the pathogenic change in epithelial cells and muscle cells, increased CCK levels in plasma and [Ca^(2+)]i in cholecyst cells, enhanced the protein and mR NA of Gs in cholecyst cells, reduced the protein and mR NA of Gi and Cap in cholecyst cells in guinea pig with cholesterol calculus. Conclusion: The dysfunction of gallbladder contraction gives rise to the disorders of mobility signal transduction system in cholecyst smooth muscle cells, including low content of plasma CCK and [Ca^(2+)]i in cholecyst cells, abnormal protein and mRNA of Gs, Gi and Cap. Emodin can enhance the contractibility of gallbladder and alleviate cholestasis by regulating plasma CCK levels, [Ca2+]i in cholecyst cells and the protein and mR NA of Gs, Gi and Cap.

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis of ferulic acidpuerarin-astragaloside in combination with neuroprotective in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats

Objective:To investigate the effects of the active ingredients combined therapy on inflammatory factors interleukin 1 beta(IL-1β)and neuropeptide Y(NPY)based on pharmacodynamics in rats.Methods:The animal model was built by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO).The method for evaluating the concentrations of the FA-Pr-AI components in rat plasma was established by using HPLC and the expression levels of IL-1βand NPY were determined by ELISA.A new mathematics method of the trend of percentage rate of change(PRC)was used to assess the correlation between pharmacokinetics(PK)and pharmacodynamics(PD).Results:FA-Pr-Al in combination reduced neurological deficits,decreased infarct volume and inhibited the expression levels of IL-1βand NPY(all P<0.05)compared with the model group.FA,Pr and Al all displayed two compartment open models in rats.Clockwise hysteresis loops were obtained by time-concentration-effect curves.IL-1βand NPY level changes in the plasma followed an opposite trend to the plasma concentration tendency after C_(max)was reached.Astragaloside's PRC value was significantly higher than those of FA and puerarin between 120 to 180 min.Conclusions:The pharmacokinetics of FA-PrAl in combination were closely related its pharmacodynamics in treating ischemia/reperfusion injury,and the components of FA-Pr-Al may have a synergistic pharmacological effect.Astragaloside may play a more pronounced role in regulating IL-1βand NPY levels compared with puerarin or FA.

Albiflorin Granule significantly decreased the cholesterol gallstone formation by the regulation of insulin transduction signal

Objective:To study the mechanism of insulin resistance in the cholesterol gallstone formation from insulin signal transduction pathway so as to reveal the possible mechanism and the effective role of Albiflorin Granule on preventing the cholesterol gallstones.Methods:Serum triglycerides(TG),free fatty acid(FFA),and total cholesterol(TC) from different groups were measured and liver cells Ins R,PKB,IKK-β protein expression levels were detected by western blotting.Results:Albiflorin significantly decreased the cholesterol gallstone formation rate,increased glucose infusion rate in gallstone guinea pigs and improved insulin resistance.Compared with the normal group,insulin receptor and PKB protein expression in GS group were significantly reduced.IKK-β protein in the GS group increased significantly and Albiflorin could reduce IKK-β protein expression in guinea pig liver cells.Conclusions:The model of insulin resistance in cholesterol gallstone guinea pig was successfully established,which plays an important role in the cholesterol gallstone formation.All aspects of insulin signaling pathway are involved in gallstone formation.Albiflorin can regulate various aspects of insulin signal transduction pathway to prevent the formation of gallbladder.

Traditional Chinese medicine for novel coronavirus pneumonia treatment:main force or supplement?

The nationwide death toll from the coronavirus outbreak in China has risen to 491,with nearly 24,363 individuals infected,according to official figures released on February 5,2020[1].With no proven drugs to treat the infection caused by the deadly coronavirus,China’s top health organization has advised hospitals to use various treatments,including traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and artificial lungs,to tackle it[2].

A mechanism to improve early diabetic nephropathy by modulating autophagy-related mechanisms with Yuye Decotion

Objective: To investigate the molecular mechanisms of Yuye Decotion in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease using network pharmacology methods and molecular docking techniques. Methods: Obtain the transcriptome gene expression of diabetic nephropathy through GEO database, and extract genes related to autophagy. Screen the active ingredients and corresponding targets of Yuye Decoction through the TCMSP database, and map the drug prediction targets and disease targets to obtain the autophagy-related Yuye treatment targets for diabetic nephropathy point. Use String database combined with Cytoscape 3.7.2 software to construct the "drug-active ingredient-target" network and protein interaction network of Yuyetang for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. The target point of liquid soup in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy was analyzed by GO biological process enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, and finally used Pymol and other software to analyze the core active components of Yuye Decotion and The core target protein undergoes molecular docking verification. Results: (i)100 eligible diabetic nephropathy and autophagy related genes were screened, and the potential targets of Yuye Decoction were 1,428. The acquired genes related to diabetic nephropathy and autophagy were mapped to potential targets of Yuye Decoction, and 22 therapeutic targets were obtained. GO biological process enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis found that the pathways related to autophagy in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy by Yuye Decoction may include mTOR signaling pathway, phospholipase D signaling pathway, insulin resistance, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, Apoptosis, PI3K /Akt signaling pathway, NF-κB signaling pathway, etc. (ii)The protein interaction network shows that VEGFA, ERBB2, GASP3, MAPK8, MYC, CDKN1A, EGFR, BCL2L1 may be the key targets of Yuye Decoction in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. Molecular docking realizes the binding of 4 core active ingredients to 8 core target proteins. Conclusions: The research results show that Yuye Decoction treats diabetic nephropathy through multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway action, and provides new theoretical basis for the study of pharmacological effects and clinical application of Yuye Decoction in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy in autophagy-related aspects.

Analysis of treatment strategies of traditional Chinese medicine for COVID-19 in tropical regions based on the pathogens of dampness and heat

Objective:To summarize the treatment strategies of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)for COVID-19 in tropical regions based on the pathogens of dampness and heat.Methods:For heat pathogen,analyzing heat in the superficies,lung and Yang Ming based on the different locations.Based on the progress of the disease,analyzing the stage of toxin and Qi deficiency induced by heat.For dampness pathogen,analyzing endogenous and external dampness based on the different locations.Analyzing dampness pathogen's special disease location—Moyuan and special symptom of dry cough with less sputum caused by sticky and stagnant characteristic of dampness.Results:The treatment strategies for heat and dampness pathogen were summarized.Conclusion:In the tropics,the pathogens of dampness and heat occur frequently and clinical treatments need to be dialectical.

Discussion on prevention and control of COVID-19 by non-drug methods in traditional Chinese medicine

COVID-19 has been discovered since December 2019 and has become a global pandemic recently,killing hundreds of thousands of people in 216 countries and regions around the world.COVID-19 has caused more than 4000 deaths in China,seriously affecting national health and national economy.Since the outbreak of COVID-19,National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China has used the method of sino-western medicine to prevent and control COVID-19,effectively curbed the spread of the epidemic.But the TCM methods in the scheme are all oral prescriptions,less involving non-drug methods.Therefore,I searched the COVID-19 control methods published in various parts of the country,this paper plans to discuss how to improve immunity from the perspective of non-drug methods such as moxibustion,diet therapy,self massage,physical exercise skills and traditional music,hoping can helps the susceptible populations,infected,discharged and medical staff in COVID-19 epidemic.

Study on the difference of effect of Sou-quan-yi-shen prescription and Yizhiren on the efficacy and gut microbiome of DKD mice

Objective:To compare the effects of sou-quan-yi-shen prescription and Yizhiren on the efficacy and gut microbiome of DKD mice.Methods:Taking spontaneous diabetic kidney disease(db-/db-)mice as the animal model,the mice were randomly divided into Yizhiren group,ou-quan-yi-shen prescriptione group,saline group,each with 8 mice.Three groups of mice were given 1.5mg·g-1 Yizhiren,0.01mg·kg-1 sou-quan-yi-shen prescriptione and saline,continuous gavage for 8 weeks.Blood glucose,blood lipids and oxidative stress were measured.The fecal gut microbiome,richness and expression difference were determined by collecting mouse feces,and the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes,as well as the richness of Firmicutes,Akkermansia and Bacteroidetes in the three groups of mice were compared.Results:The blood glucose,TG,CAT,H2O2 and O2-of the mice in the sou-quan-yi-shen prescription group were 18.11±0.51,4.01±0.87,126.23±15.33,60.70±20.12 and 41.56±19.54,respectively.The blood glucose,TG,CAT,H2O2 and O2-of the mice in the yizhiren group were 21.42±0.45,5.02±0.32,137.88±10.90,79.07±18.31 and 55.26±14.11,respectively.Compared with the normal saline group of blood glucose 33.73±0.96,TG 9.67±1.02,CAT 75.04±17.23,H2O2109.77±19.21 and O2-95.43±29.08,the sou-quan-yi-shen prescription group and the Yizhiren group were significantly lower(p<0.05),and the effect of Shuoquan Yishen Recipe Better than Yizhiren.sou-quan-yi-shen prescription and yizhiren can regulate the abundance ratio of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes,as well as the abundance of Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes and Akkermansia,and the effect of sou-quan-yi-shen prescription is stronger than that of yizhiren.Conclusion:The effect of sou-quan-yi-shen prescription and yizhiren on regulating DKD may be related to the regulation of blood sugar,blood lipids,oxidative stress and gut microbiome,and the effect of sou-quan-yi-shen prescription is stronger than that of yizhiren.

Discussion on the advantages of acupuncture and moxibustion in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19

COVID-19 belongs to the plague category of Traditional Chinese Medicine.It has been confirmed in many ancient books and modern clinical studies that the acupuncture and moxibustion can cure the plague.In this episode of COVID-19,National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China and National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Jointly issued the Diagnosis and Treatment of Corona Virus Disease-19(7th edition).It mentions the treatment program of acupuncture and moxibustion participating in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.Liu Baoyan's team analyzed the ideas of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment for COVID-19.However,the clinical advantages of acupuncture and moxibustion still need to be further clarified.In the treatment of many clinical symptoms of COVID-19,acupuncture therapy has a good clinical effect,so the purpose of our discussion on the advantages is to improve the clinical accuracy and efficacy.

Application of individualized nutritional intervention therapy in patients with gestational diabetes mellitu

Objective:To evaluate the effect of individualized nutritional intervention therapy in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).Methods:80 GDM inpatients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College from December 2015 to June 2018 were enrolled.According to the random number table method,the patients were divided into 4 groups,with 20 cases in each group.Group 1 used food exchange combined glycemic index method,group 2 used food exchange combined blood glucose load method,group 3 used glycemic index combined with blood glucose load method,group 4 combined glycemic index and blood glucose load method based on food exchange.After the intervention,the changes of blood glucose level,biochemical indexes and fetal growth and development indexes of the four groups were observed.Results:After nutritional intervention,the blood glucose levels of the four groups of patients decreased to varying degrees compared with before the intervention.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).In order to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the four methods,the blood glucose levels of the four groups of patients were further compared between groups:compared with group 1,group 2,group 4 and group 3,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.01 or 0.05).There was significant difference in blood glucose 2 hours after dinner between group 4 and group 1 and group 2(P<0.05).Comparing the biochemical indexes and fetal growth and development indexes of the four groups,the differences were not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusion:Individualized nutritional intervention therapy can significantly improve the blood glucose level of GDM patients,and at the same time meet the needs of the mother's own physiology and fetal growth and development.Among them,the nutrition intervention method that combines the glycemic index and the blood glucose load on the basis of the food exchange portion has a better effect on improving the blood glucose level of the patient.

Learning, understanding, trusting and applying-Promoting development of traditional Chinese medicine from medical education

From the end of the Qing dynasty to the establishment of Republic of China until the present day, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has declined from the original medical system parallel to western medicine to a supplementary medicine in China. During the long time, western medicine has gradually become the dominate medical system forming the situation of 'western medicine in the north, TCM in the wild'. On July 1, 2017, China's TCM law has been officially implemented ensuring a time of great opportunity for TCM in the future. The current situations are: 'western medicine is dominated, TCM are supplementary for use'. Some people insist that TCM should be weakened others suppose that Chinese medicine should be evaluated with biomedical standards and are lack of scientificity. Facing the disadvantages of degradation of Chinese medicine, lack of characteristics, the development of TCM still has a long way to go. This paper puts forward the 'education of medical students', so that medical students can learn, understand, believe and use TCM in order to carry forward the career of TCM.

Protocol for evaluating the effects of Danggui Shaoyao Powder in the treatment of DPN with qi deficiency and blood stasis pattern based on routine therapy:a randomized controlled trial

Background:Diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN)has high incidence.At present,the treatment for DPN mainly focuses on controlling of blood sugar,nourishment of nerves and symptomatic treatment of pain which face some limitations,such as poor effects and adverse reactions of drugs and so on.Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)has certain curative effect in the prevention and treatment of DPN.Danggui Shaoyao powder,one of the famous classic prescriptions in TCM,has been often used clinically in the treatment of DPN in China,which without any relevant evidence-based medical research data.The protocol was designed to evaluate the effects of Danggui Shaoyao Powder in the treatment of DPN with qi deficiency and blood stasis pattern based on routine therapy.Methods:This protocol is designed as a three-arms parallel-group,outcome-assessor blinded RCT.303 Patients with DPN,from outpatient and inpatient departments of four clinical centers in China,will be randomly allocated into 3 groups(routine group,treatment group and control group).The course of treatment was designed as 1 month and followed up for 3 months.The TCSS scale,TCM syndrome scale,nerve conduction function,serum indexes will be tested to provide more clinical evidences for the effect of Danggui Shaoyao Powder on prevention and treatment of DPN.Finally,we will make statistics and analyse the data to draw a conclusion.Discussion:Danggui Shaoyao Powder is the ideal drug which is an agent acting on multiple targets related to DPN’s pathogenesis.We hope to find more clinical evidences for the effect of Danggui Shaoyao Powder on prevention and treatment of DPN through this RCT experiment.

Combing and exploring the origin and development of diabetic nephropathy based on the theory of collateral disorders

By searching TCM disease names"Xiao Shen","Shen Xiao"and"Xin Xiao",which are considered higher degree of coincidence with diabetic nephropathy according to study.And combined with the theory of collateral disorders,sort out the classic literature of traditional Chinese medicine and modern experts'works in chronological order.To make a preliminary exploration of the origin of diabetic nephropathy based on the theory of collateral disorders.Hope to provide reference for TCM theory and clinical research on treating diabetic nephropathy from the theory of collateral disorders in the future.

Studies on blood stasis in the traditional medicine of the Li Culture

Blood stasis,or stagnation,is a pathological product formed in the course of certain diseases as well as a pathogenic factor of other diseases.The Li ethnic region is known as the“Natural Medicine Bank”and is the primary production base of South China’s medicinal plants.Hainan Island is the home to the vast majority of the Li Culture;the Hainan Li ethnic region is located on the northern edge of the tropics and mostly lies in the mountainous areas of Wuzhi Mountain.This region is frost-free and snow-free year-round,with plenty of heat and rain.Wuzhi Mountain’s terrain is mountainous:high and steep in the middle and low around the foothills.It has fertile soil,rich vegetation,and is rich in animal and plant medicinal materials.The traditional medicine of the Li Culture has named blood stasis“Tun Duo.”Because few studies have been conducted regarding the traditional medicine of the Li Culture in the field of blood stasis,this article began with the collection of commonly-used compound recipes of the Li Culture.It then discussed the differentiation of syndromes through these compound recipes to expand the research results in the field of blood stasis in the traditional medicine of the Li Culture.