Steering surface reconstruction of hybrid metal oxides for efficient oxygen evolution reaction in water splitting and zinc-air batteries

Surface reconstruction yields real active species in electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction(OER)conditions;however,rationally regulating reconstruction in a targeted manner for constructing highly active OER electrocatalysts remains a formidable challenge.Here,an electrochemical activation strategy with selective etching was utilized to guide the reconstruction process of a hybrid cobalt-molybdenum oxide(CoMoO_(4)/Co_(3)O_(4)@CC)in a favorable direction to improve the OER performance.Both in-situ Raman and multiple ex-situ characterization tools demonstrate that controlled surface reconstruction can be easily achieved through Mo etching,with the formation of a dynamically stable amorphous-crystalline heterostructure.Theoretical calculations together with experimental results reveal that the synergistic effects between amorphous CoOOH and crystalline Co_(3)O_(4) are crucial in enhancing the catalytic performance.Consequently,the reconstructed CoMoO_(4)/Co_(3)O_(4)@CC exhibits a low overpotential of 250 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2) in 1 M KOH,and more importantly it can be practiced in electrolytic water splitting and rechargeable zinc-air batteries devices,achieving ultra-long stability for over 500 and 1200 h,respectively.This work provides a promising route for the construction of high-performance electrocatalysts.

Indian plate blocked by the thickened Eurasian crust in the middle of the continental collision zone of southern Tibet

The relationship of the crustal contact between the Indian and Eurasian plates is a key issue in understanding crustal thickening and the subduction of the Indian lithosphere beneath the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Across the middle of the Yarlung-Zangbo Suture(YZS), we deployed an ~450-km-long SN-trending wide-angle reflection/refraction profile to observe the P-wave velocity(vP) structure beneath the northern Himalaya and the southern plateau. Our results show that, 1. the high vP(~7.1 km/s) indicates that the Indian lower crust extends no more than 50 km north of the YZS. 2. The lower crust beneath the southern part of the plateau features an extremely low vP(<6.7 ± 0.2 km/s). 3. Compared with the velocities of several typical crustal lithologies in different temperature regimes, the low vPin the lower crust can be explained by felsic-intermediate granulite, which has prevented the lower crust from further eclogitization. We propose that the dip angle of the Indian lithospheric slab beneath the YZS is partly controlled by the composition of the lower crust of the plateau. In the northern middle YZS, the crust of the southern plateau is too thick and blocks the northward advancement of the Indian lower crust, resulting in the subduction of the Indian lithospheric slab into the upper mantle. The lower crust in western and eastern Lhasa is dominated by a mafic composition, and it was delaminated after eclogitization before the Miocene. The void zone generated by delamination favors the flattening and underthrusting of the Indian lower crust.

Summary of TCM Treatment of Anal Swelling

People have become more sensitive to the local discomfort of the anus in recent years as their quality of life has improved.Anal bulge,which is related to Chinese medicine's“post-heavy,”is a prevalent symptom in the anorectal department.The causes of disease are complicated,involving both objective and subjective elements.There is currently no precise plan for diagnosing and treating anal swelling.In the last ten years,Chinese medicine has briefly described the treatment of anal swelling.

A Case Report of Hide-Line-Suture-Prosthesis Repair for Anal Fistula

Hide-line-suture-prosthesis repair was introduced by Yibing Li from Shenzhen TCM Anorectal Hospital.In his early years,it was used in rectovaginal fistula,in which it achieved good curative effect.As the pathology of rectovaginal fistula and anal fistula is similar,Yibing Li innovated and applied it to anal fistula cases.This is a case report of a patient with low complex anal fistula who was treated in Shenzhen TCM Anorectal Hospital after two surgeries.The purpose of this report is to share the diagnosis and treatment experience in this case,so as to provide reference for clinicians.

Improved spectrum sharing algorithm based on feedback control information in cognitive radio networks

In order to avoid the system performance deterioration caused by the wireless fading channel and imperfect channel estimation in cognitive radio networks, the spectrum sharing problem with the consideration of feedback control information from the primary user is analyzed. An improved spectrum sharing algorithm based on the combination of the feedback control information and the optimization algorithm is proposed. The relaxation method is used to achieve the approximate spectrum sharing model, and the spectrum sharing strategy that satisfies the individual outage probability constraints can be obtained iteratively with the observed outage probability. Simulation results show that the proposed spectrum sharing algorithm can achieve the spectrum sharing strategy that satisfies the outage probability constraints and reduce the average outage probability without causing maximum transmission rate reduction of the secondary user.

Weighted Sparse Image Classification Based on Low Rank Representation

The conventional sparse representation-based image classification usually codes the samples independently,which will ignore the correlation information existed in the data.Hence,if we can explore the correlation information hidden in the data,the classification result will be improved significantly.To this end,in this paper,a novel weighted supervised spare coding method is proposed to address the image classification problem.The proposed method firstly explores the structural information sufficiently hidden in the data based on the low rank representation.And then,it introduced the extracted structural information to a novel weighted sparse representation model to code the samples in a supervised way.Experimental results show that the proposed method is superiority to many conventional image classification methods.

Dark channel prior based blurred image restoration method using total variation and morphology

The blurred image restoration method can dramatically highlight the image details and enhance the global contrast, which is of benefit to improvement of the visual effect during practical ap- plications. This paper is based on the dark channel prior principle and aims at the prior information absent blurred image degradation situation. A lot of improvements have been made to estimate the transmission map of blurred images. Since the dark channel prior principle can effectively restore the blurred image at the cost of a large amount of computation, the total variation （TV） and image morphology transform （specifically top-hat transform and bottom- hat transform） have been introduced into the improved method. Compared with original transmission map estimation methods, the proposed method features both simplicity and accuracy. The es- timated transmission map together with the element can restore the image. Simulation results show that this method could inhibit the ill-posed problem during image restoration, meanwhile it can greatly improve the image quality and definition.

Energy Optimization Oriented Three-Way Clustering Algorithm for Cloud Tasks

Cloud computing has developed as an important information technology paradigm which can provide on-demand services. Meanwhile,its energy consumption problem has attracted a grow-ing attention both from academic and industrial communities. In this paper,from the perspective of cloud tasks,the relationship between cloud tasks and cloud platform energy consumption is established and analyzed on the basis of the multidimensional attributes of cloud tasks. Furthermore,a three-way clustering algorithm of cloud tasks is proposed for saving energy. In the algorithm,f irst,t he cloud tasks are classified into three categories according to the content properties of the cloud tasks and resources respectively. Next,cloud tasks and cloud resources are clustered according to their computation characteristics（ e. g. computation-intensive,data-intensive）. Subsequently,greedy scheduling is performed. The simulation results showthat the proposed algorithm can significantly reduce the energy cost and improve resources utilization,compared with the general greedy scheduling algorithm.

The influence of silica on reaction rates and molecular hydrogen(H_(2))generation during olivine hydrothermal alteration

Hydrothermal alteration of olivine greatly influences geodynamics and the recycling of volatiles(such as water and carbon)in subduction zones.Silica is an important component of geological fluids,and its influence on the hydrothermal alteration of olivine remains poorly constrained.In this study,we performed experiments at 300–515℃ and 3.0 kbar(1 bar=10^(5)Pa)by reacting well homogenized mixtures of olivine and silica powders with saline solutions(0.5 mol L^(−1)NaCl).Silica greatly influences the reaction pathways,reaction rates,and molecular hydrogen(H_(2))formation during olivine hydrothermal alteration.In experiments at 300℃ and 3.0 kbar with mixtures of olivine and 10 wt%silica,olivine was replaced by serpentine and talc.The proportions of serpentine and talc were determined according to standard curves based on infrared spectroscopy analyses.Around 6.5%serpentine and 12%talc were produced after an experimental duration of 7 days,which had no change after a longer period(14 days).Compared to the kinetics in silica-free systems,the rates of olivine hydrothermal alteration in experiments with 10 wt%silica are much lower.The overall reaction is:4.5Forsterite+5.5SiO_(2),aq+4H_(2)O=Serpentine+2Talc.With the addition of more silica(20 wt%and 40 wt%),olivine was transformed into talc.The rates of reaction were much faster,e.g.,for experiments with olivine and 20 wt%silica,43%of talc was produced after 14 days,which increased to 77%for experiments with 40 wt%silica over the same period.The overall reaction is:3Forsterite+5SiO_(2),aq+2H_(2)O=2Talc.In experiments at 400–505℃ and 3.0 kbar,the promoting effect of silica on olivine hydrothermal alteration was also observed,which is closely associated with a decrease in Gibbs free energies of olivine hydrothermal alteration.At 300℃ and 3.0 kbar,silica decreased H_(2)formed during olivine hydrothermal alteration by around an order of magnitude,resulting in an increase in oxygen fugacity.Based on measured H_(2),we calibrated oxygen fugacities,ranging from 0.96 to 3.41 log units below FMQ(fayalite-magnetitequartz buffer assemblage).This study suggests that the infiltration of SiO_(2)-bearing fluids into peridotites greatly influences redox conditions and the rates of olivine hydrothermal alteration.

Molecular mechanism study of Astragalus adsurgens Pall synergistically induced by plasma and plasma-activated water

The mutagenic effects of discharge plasma and plasma+PAW(plasma and its activated water combined) on Astragalus adsurgens Pall seeds were explored. Needle array-plate dielectric-barrier discharge plasma was used to treat A. adsurgens Pall seeds and PAW was prepared at the same time.The deionized water and the obtained PAW were used to cultivate plasma-treated seeds in groups and the survival rate of each group was counted. Results showed that the survival rate of the treated seeds of A. adsurgens Pall when cultured with deionized water was not significantly different from that of the control check(CK). The culture with PAW had an obvious lethal effect and each group reached the half-lethal dose. Reactive oxygen species(ROS) and RNA-Seq analysis of seedlings in the 3 h treatment group showed that the content of ROS in the 3 d post-treatment group was significantly higher than that of the CK. Because expression of the gene with the function of scavenging superoxide free radicals was upregulated, the ROS content of seedlings on the sixth day was significantly lower than that on the third day. Plasma and plasma+PAW treatments changed a large number of gene expressions;particularly, the plasma+PAW group caused plant-growth genes to be significantly upregulated. After treatment, the seedlings of A. adsurgens Pall may grow faster and have higher nutritional value. This research is of great significance to the wider application of isoelectronic bodies and their activated water physicochemical mutagens in biological effects and breeding research.

Identification of STAT5B as a biomarker for an early diagnosis ofendometrial carcinoma

Background: The late detection of endometrial carcinoma (EC) at an advanced stage often results in a poorpatient prognosis. It is hence important to identify reliable biomarkers to facilitate early detection of EC. Signaltransducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family members play an important role in several tumors, however,their impact on EC development and progression remains unclear. Methods: Machine learning methods were used toinvestigate the importance of STAT5B in EC. Results: Hence, we explored the UALCAN data mining platform andfound that while STAT1 and STAT2 were upregulated, STAT5A, STAT5B, and STAT6 were downregulated in EC.This high expression of STAT5B and STAT6 predicted favorable clinical outcomes, whereas the increased expressionof STAT1 and STAT2 predicted poor clinical outcomes. Subsequent pathway enrichment analysis revealed that theSTAT family was mainly involved in apoptosis pathway activation, cell cycle disruption, and epithelial–mesenchymaltransition. Drug sensitivity analysis demonstrated that STAT5A/5B expression was negatively correlated with drugresistance in EC. Further, the expression of STAT5B mRNA and protein was correlated with severalclinicopathological characteristics. Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) analysis revealed that STAT5Bexpression was positively correlated with the abundance of infiltrating CD8+ T cells and neutrophils while its copynumber variation was associated with the overall immune cell infiltration. The data on the correlations betweenSTAT5B expression and related genes in uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) in cBio Cancer Portalshowed the closest correlation of STAT5B expression with that of KIAA0753 (also known as moonraker and OFIP),followed by COL27A1 in EC. Pathway enrichment analysis further showed that STAT5B-related genes were involvedin the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Ras signaling pathways. Conclusion: Collectively, our findingsprovided new insights into the role of the STAT family in EC. It also highlighted new targets for future research ondiagnostic and prognostic markers and STAT5B as a novel marker for drug sensitivity screening.

Cenozoic ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism in pelitic granulites from the Mogok metamorphic belt, Myanmar

Ultrahigh-temperature(UHT)metamorphism is critical for understanding the most extreme thermal evolution of continental crust.However,UHT metamorphism predominantly occurred in the Precambrian and is rarely observed in the modern Earth.Here,we report the discovery of~25 Ma UHT granulites from the Mogok metamorphic belt(MMB)in Myanmar via a combined study of petrology and geochronology.The studied pelitic granulites well preserve a peak mineral assemblage of garnet+sillimanite+plagioclase(antiperthite)+K-feldspar+quartz+Ti-rich biotite+rutile+ilmenite.Pressure(P)-temperature(T)pseudosections and conventional geothermobarometry data only constrain the P-T conditions of the peak stage to<12 kbar and 780–890°C.However,high Zr contents in the matrix rutile(3005–4308 ppm)and high Ti contents(up to 9.2 wt% TiO_(2))in the biotite demonstrate that the Mogok granulites may have experienced UHT metamorphism.The Zr-in-rutile thermometer and X_(Grs) isopleth in the pseudosections yield peak P-T conditions of~12 kbar and>900°C.In situ SIMS and LAICP-MS U-Pb dating and trace element analyses show that both metamorphic zircon cores and rims have flat heavy rare earth element(HREE)patterns with negative Eu anomalies.The metamorphic zircon rims show the lowest HREE contents and yield ^(206)Pb/^(238)U ages of 24.9±0.5 and 25.4±0.6 Ma,respectively,representing the timing of UHT metamorphism.Our results indicate that the central MMB underwent~25 Ma UHT metamorphism,which is possibly induced by continental rifting along the thinned orogenic lithosphere.Our data,as well as reported Cenozoic UHT events,further suggest that UHT metamorphism can be produced in the modern plate tectonic regime by lithospheric extension.

Phase equilibrium modeling of zircon stability in mantle peridotite:Implication for crust-mantle interaction

Zircon is a common accessory mineral in various rocks,especially in the crustal ones.It is the best mineral for U-Pb dating.Meanwhile,trace elements and isotopes of the mineral can also provide much information concerning the formation and evolution of rocks.There are a growing number of reports of zircon existing in mantle peridotite.However,it is generally considered that zircon is unlikely crystallized in ultrabasic rocks due to SiO_(2)-unsaturation.In this paper,the SiO_(2) activity and zircon/baddeleyite transition curve at different conditions were calculated through thermodynamic phase equilibrium modeling,to reveal the main factors affecting the SiO_(2) activity and the stability of zircon/baddeleyite in ultrabasic and basic rocks,especially in mantle peridotite.These results provide a thermodynamic basis for interpreting the genesis and significance of zircon in mantle rocks.That is,the SiO_(2) activity is mainly controlled by stable mineral assemblages and temperature-pressure conditions.The orthopyroxene+olivine assemblage in peridotite as an effective buffer restricts the SiO_(2) activity in a relatively high range with a small variation.The upper temperature limit of zircon can reach more than 1500℃ with this mineral assemblage.During the low-temperature serpentinization of peridotite,the replacement of olivine and pyroxene by serpentine can result in a significant decrease of SiO_(2) activity,and baddeleyite can be stabilized at<530℃ and<2.7 GPa.When peridotite is strongly metasomatized by the SiO_(2)-bearing fluid,the addition of SiO_(2) can increase its activity and make zircon stable at low temperatures.The SiO_(2) activity in ultrabasic-basic rocks is not only positively correlated with the SiO_(2) content but also negatively correlated with the Ca and Na contents of rocks.This is because Ca and Na preferentially combine with Si and Al to form Si-rich minerals,such as clinopyroxene and feldspar.This process will consume excessive SiO_(2),decreasing the SiO_(2) activity.This may be the reason why zircon can be found in ultrabasic rocks,while baddeleyite can exist in some basic and alkaline rocks.The thermodynamic modeling can also reasonably explain the mutual transformation between zircon and baddeleyite in ultrabasic-basic rocks.Our results indicate that zircon can exist stably in mantle peridotite in a wide range of temperature-pressure conditions and its formation is related to melt/fluid metasomatism.That is,the presence of zircon in mantle peridotite is an important information carrier of crust-mantle interaction for deep material cycling.

Modulation recognition network of multi-scale analysis with deep threshold noise elimination

To improve the accuracy of modulated signal recognition in variable environments and reduce the impact of factors such as lack of prior knowledge on recognition results,researchers have gradually adopted deep learning techniques to replace traditional modulated signal processing techniques.To address the problem of low recognition accuracy of the modulated signal at low signal-to-noise ratios,we have designed a novel modulation recognition network of multi-scale analysis with deep threshold noise elimination to recognize the actually collected modulated signals under a symmetric cross-entropy function of label smoothing.The network consists of a denoising encoder with deep adaptive threshold learning and a decoder with multi-scale feature fusion.The two modules are skip-connected to work together to improve the robustness of the overall network.Experimental results show that this method has better recognition accuracy at low signal-to-noise ratios than previous methods.The network demonstrates a flexible self-learning capability for different noise thresholds and the effectiveness of the designed feature fusion module in multi-scale feature acquisition for various modulation types.

Flexible Job Shop Composite Dispatching Rule Mining Approach Based on an Improved Genetic Programming Algorithm

To obtain a suitable scheduling scheme in an effective time range,the minimum completion time is taken as the objective of Flexible Job Shop scheduling Problems(FJSP)with different scales,and Composite Dispatching Rules(CDRs)are applied to generate feasible solutions.Firstly,the binary tree coding method is adopted,and the constructed function set is normalized.Secondly,a CDR mining approach based on an Improved Genetic Programming Algorithm(IGPA)is designed.Two population initialization methods are introduced to enrich the initial population,and a superior and inferior population separation strategy is designed to improve the global search ability of the algorithm.At the same time,two individual mutation methods are introduced to improve the algorithm’s local search ability,to achieve the balance between global search and local search.In addition,the effectiveness of the IGPA and the superiority of CDRs are verified through comparative analysis.Finally,Deep Reinforcement Learning(DRL)is employed to solve the FJSP by incorporating the CDRs as the action set,the selection times are counted to further verify the superiority of CDRs.

大陆俯冲板片的持续断离正在终结喜马拉雅造山作用

俯冲的大陆岩石圈在大陆碰撞后仍然对地表板块施加拖拽作用,使造山作用得以维持.但是大陆碰撞作用最终为何减弱乃至停止,目前存在多种解释.本文利用覆盖青藏高原的流动地震观测数据,进行地震层析成像研究,在地慢过渡带中识别出多个高地震波速度异常,认为它们是俯冲印度大陆岩石圈断离形成的碎片.俯冲板片会不断沿大陆岩石圈内部的先存薄弱带断离,该过程将持续减小俯冲岩石圈的板片拖曳力,进而导致中新世印度-欧亚板块汇聚速率降低.据此推断,俯冲大陆板片持续断离将导致印欧大陆碰撞和喜马拉雅造山作用最终结束.

Nitrogen-doped graphite encapsulated Fe/Fe3C nanoparticles and carbon black for enhanced performance towards oxygen reduction

Non-noble metal(NNM)catalysts have recently attracted intensive interest for their high catalytic performance towards oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)at low cost.Herein,a novel NNM catalyst was synthesized by the simple pyrolysis of carbon black,urea and a Fe-containing precursor,which exhibits excellent ORR catalytic activity,superior durability and methanol tolerance versus the Pt/C catalyst in both alkaline and acidic solutions.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and X-ray diffraction(XRD)characterizations demonstrate that the product is a nitrogen-doped hybrid of graphite encapsulated Fe/Fe3C nanoparticles and carbon black.X-ray photoelectron spectrum(XPS)and electrochemical analyses indicate that the catalytic performance and chemical stability correlate closely with a nitrogen-rich layer on the Fe/Fe3C nanoparticle after pyrolysis with presence of urea,leading to the same four-electron pathway towards ORR as the Pt/C catalyst.The hybrid is prospective to be an efficient ORR electrocatalyst for direct methanol fuel cells with high catalytic performance at low cost.