Dietary supplementation of benzoic acid and essential oils combination enhances intestinal resilience against LPS stimulation in weaned piglets

Background The benefits of combining benzoic acid and essential oils(BAO)to mitigate intestinal impairment during the weaning process have been well established,while the detailed underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated.Previous research has primarily focused on the reparative effects of BAO on intestinal injury,while neglecting its potential in enhancing intestinal stress resistance.Methods In this study,we investigated the pre-protective effect of BAO against LPS-induced stress using a modified experimental procedure.Piglets were pre-supplemented with BAO for 14 d,followed by a challenge with LPS or saline to collect blood and intestinal samples.Results Our findings demonstrated that BAO supplementation led to significant improvements in piglets’final weight,average daily gain,and feed intake/body gain ratio.Additionally,BAO supplementation positively influenced the composition of intestinal microbiota,increasing beneficial Actinobacteriota and Alloprevotella while reducing harmful Desulfobacterota,Prevotella and Oscillospira.Furthermore,BAO supplementation effectively mitigated oxidative disturbances and inflammatory responses induced by acute LPS challenge.This was evidenced by elevated levels of T-AOC,SOD,and GSH,as well as decreased levels of MDA,TNF-α,and IL-6 in the plasma.Moreover,piglets subjected to LPS challenge and pre-supplemented with BAO exhibited significant improvements in intestinal morphological structure and enhanced integrity,as indicated by restored expression levels of Occludin and Claudin-1 compared to the non-supplemented counterparts.Further analysis revealed that BAO supplementation enhanced the jejunal antioxidative capacity by increasing GSH-Px levels and decreasing MDA levels under the LPS challenge and stimulated the activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway.Additionally,the reduction of TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways activation and proinflammatory factor were also observed in the jejunal of those piglets fed with BAO.Conclusions In summary,our study demonstrates that pre-supplementation of BAO enhances the anti-stress capacity of weaned piglets by improving intestinal microbiota composition,reinforcing the intestinal barrier,and enhancing antioxidative and anti-inflammatory capabilities.These effects are closely associated with the activation of Nrf2 and TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways.

TiN/Fe_(2)N/C composite with stable and broadband high-temperature microwave absorption

Facing the complex variable high-temperature environment,electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbing materials maintaining high stability and satisfying absorbing properties is essential.This study focused on the synthesis and EMW absorbing performance evaluation of TiN/Fe_(2)N/C composite materials,which were prepared using electrostatic spinning followed by a high-temperature nitridation process.The TiN/Fe_(2)N/C fibers constructed a well-developed conductive network that generates considerable conduction loss.The heterogeneous interfaces between different components generated a significant level of interfacial polarization.Thanks to the synergistic effect of stable dielectric loss and optimized impedance matching,the TiN/Fe_(2)N/C composite materials demonstrated excellent and stable absorption performance across a wide temperature range(293-453 K).Moreover,TiN/Fe_(2)N/C-15 achieved a minimum reflection loss(RL)of−48.01 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of 3.64 GHz at 2.1 mm and 373 K.This work provides new insights into the development of high-efficiency and stabile EMW absorbing materials under complex variable high-temperature conditions.

Investigation of performance-enhanced GaN-based E-mode pchannel MOSFET with pre-ohmic-annealing treatment

Pre-ohmic-annealing(POA)treatment of P-GaN/AlN/AlGaN epitaxy under N_(2)atmosphere was demonstrated to effectively achieve good p-type ohmic contact as well as decreased epitaxy sheet resistance.Ohmic contact resistance(Rc)extracted by transfer length method reduced from 38 to 23Ω·mm with alleviated contact barrier height from 0.55 to 0.51 eV after POA treatment.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Hall measurement confirmed that POA treatment was able to reduce surface state density and improve the hole concentration of p-GaN.Due to the decreased Rc and improved two-dimensional hole gas(2DHG)density,an outstanding-performance GaN E-mode p-channel MOSFET was successfully realized.

Response of phytoplankton communities to environmental changes in the Bohai Sea in late summer (2011−2020)

Understanding the dynamics of phytoplankton communities in coastal zones is crucial for the management and conservation of coastal ecosystems.Previous research indicated that the phytoplankton community structure and dominant taxa in the Bohai Sea(BHS)have exhibited significant shifts from the 1990s to the early 2010s in response to environmental changes,especially the change in nutrient structure.This study comprehensively investigated the variations in net-collected phytoplankton(>76μm)community structure,diversity,and environmental factors in the BHS during the late summers of 2011-2020,aiming to understand the recent trend in phytoplankton community structure and to explore the interactions between the communities and the environment.During the study period,the nutrient status in the BHS was characterized by a decrease in dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN)concentration,an increase in dissolved inorganic phosphorus(DIP)concentration,and a return of the nitrogen-to-phosphorus(N/P)molar ratio(hereinafter referred to as N/P ratio)to the Redfield ratio since 2016.The eutrophication index(EI)in the BHS remained stable and was generally at a low level(<1).The Dia/Dino index fluctuated but did not show an obvious trend.Overall,the eutrophication,the imbalance in nutrient ratio,and the shift in phytoplankton community structure did not continue during the study period.The increased abundance of phytoplankton was strongly associated with elevated concentrations of DIN,as well as higher N/P and nitrogen-to-silicon(N/Si)ratios,whereas the greater diversity was strongly linked to higher concentrations of DIP.Diatoms and dinoflagellates showed significant differences in their interactions with the environment,and their relative dominance was related to water column depth and stratification intensity;their impacts on the phytoplankton community diversity were also significantly different.The variations of certain dominant species,i.e.,Skeletonema costatum,Paralia sulcata,and Tripos longipes,exhibited strong links to the changes in nutrient structure in the BHS.The findings of this study contribute to understanding the regional environmental changes and provide insights into the adaptive strategies of coastal ecosystems in response to environmental shifts and fluctuations.

Two-dimensional C_(2)N-based single-atom catalyst with complex microenvironment for enhanced electrochemical nitrogen reduction:A descriptor-based design

The catalytic descriptor with operational feasibility is highly desired towards rational design of high-performance catalyst especially the electrode/electrolyte solution interface working under mild conditions.Herein,we demonstrate that the descriptorΩparameterized by readily accessible intrinsic properties of metal center and coordination is highly operational and efficient in rational design of single-atom catalyst(SAC)for driving electrochemical nitrogen reduction(NRR).Using twodimensional metal(M)-B_(x)P_(y)S_(z)N_m@C_(2)N as prototype SAC models,we reveal that^(*)N_(2)+(H~++e~-)→^(*)N_(2)H acts predominantly as the potential-limiting step(PLS)of NRR on M-B_(2)P_(2)S_(2)@C_(2)N and M-B_(1)P_(1)S_(1)N_(3)@C_(2)N regardless of the distinction in coordination microenvironment.Among the 28 screened M active sites,withΩvalues close to the optimal 4,M-B_(2)P_(2)S_(2)@C_(2)N(M=V(Ω=3.53),Mo(Ω=5.12),and W(Ω=3.92))and M-B_(1)P_(1)S_(1)N_(3)@C_(2)N(M=V(Ω=3.00),Mo(Ω=4.34),and W(Ω=3.32))yield the lowered limiting potential(U_(L))as-0.45,-0.54.-0.36,-0.58,-0.25,and-0.24 V,respectively,thus making them the promising NRR catalysts.More importantly,these SACs are located around the top of volcano-shape plot of U_(L) versusΩ,re-validatingΩas an effective descriptor for accurately predicting the high-activity NRR SACs even with complex coordination.Our study unravels the relationship between active-site structure and NRR performance via the descriptorΩ,which can be applied to other important sustainable electrocatalytic reactions involving activation of small molecules viaσ-donation andπ^(*)-backdonation mechanism.

Rational design of vitamin C/defective carbon van der Waals heterostructure for enhanced activity,durability and storage stability toward oxygen reduction reaction

Metal-free defective carbon materials with abundant active sites have been widely studied as low-cost and efficient oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)electrocatalysts in metal-air batteries.However,the active sites in defective carbon are easily subjected to serious oxidation or hydroxylation during ORR or storage,leading to rapid degradation of activity.Herein,we design a van der Waals heterostructure comprised of vitamin C(VC)and defective carbon(DC)to not only boost the activity but also enhance the durability and storage stability of the DC-VC electrocatalyst.The formation of VC van der Waals between DC and VC is demonstrated to be an effective strategy to protect the defect active sites from oxidation and hydroxylation degradation,thus significantly enhancing the electrochemical durability and storage anti-aging performance.Moreover,the DC-VC van der Waals can reduce the reaction energy barrier to facilitate the ORR.These findings are also confirmed by operando Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations.It is necessary to mention that the preparation of this DC-VC electrocatalyst can be scaled up,and the ORR performance of the largely produced electrocatalyst is demonstrated to be very consistent.Furthermore,the DC-VC-based aluminum-air batteries display very competitive power density with good performance maintenance.

Anomalous Hall effect and electronic correlation in a spin-reoriented kagome antiferromagnet LuFe_(6)Sn_(6)

The kagome lattice system has been identified as a fertile ground for the emergence of a number of new quantumstates,including superconductivity,quantum spin liquids,and topological electronic states.This has attracted significantinterest within the field of condensed matter physics.Here,we present the observation of an anomalous Hall effect in aniron-based kagome antiferromagnet LuFe_(6)Sn_(6),which implies a non-zero Berry curvature in this compound.By means ofextensive magnetic measurements,a high Neel temperature,T_(N)=552 K,and a spin reorientation behavior were identifiedand a simple temperature-field phase diagram was constructed.Furthermore,this compound was found to exhibit a largeSommerfeld coefficient ofγ=87 mJ·mol^(-1)·K^(-2),suggesting the presence of a strong electronic correlation effect.Ourresearch indicates that LuFe_(6)Sn_(6)is an intriguing compound that may exhibit magnetism,strong correlation,and topologicalstates.

Dynamic analysis of major public health emergency transmission considering the dual-layer coupling of community–resident complex networks

We construct a dual-layer coupled complex network of communities and residents to represent the interconnected risk transmission network between communities and the disease transmission network among residents. It characterizes the process of infectious disease transmission among residents between communities through the SE2IHR model considering two types of infectors. By depicting a more fine-grained social structure and combining further simulation experiments, the study validates the crucial role of various prevention and control measures implemented by communities as primary executors in controlling the epidemic. Research shows that the geographical boundaries of communities and the social interaction patterns of residents have a significant impact on the spread of the epidemic, where early detection, isolation and treatment strategies at community level are essential for controlling the spread of the epidemic. In addition, the study explores the collaborative governance model and institutional advantages of communities and residents in epidemic prevention and control.

Review on Croton crassifolius: From botanical characteristicsto biotransformation and better utilization

Croton crassifolius (C. crassifolius) is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine, with a history hundreds of years in China. By consulting Sciencedirect databases and Web of Science databases, 68 related articles were found, 12 of which were related to chemical composition and pharmacological activity. It was used by the ancients as the medicine to treat stomach trouble, rheumatism, poliomyelitis and injuries, and it is the treasure of traditional Chinese medicine in China. With the development of modern medicine, the active ingredients and therapeutic mechanism of C. crassifolius have been gradually revealed. In this study, the functions and applications of C. crassifolius were reviewed from the aspects of botany, traditional Chinese medicine therapy and biotransformation of substances, so as to better understand and use C. crassifolius and provide more effective drug choices for clinical treatment.

Chemical composition and pharmacological activities of Atractylodes lancea:A review

Atractylodes lancea(called Cangzhu in China)is a medicinal plant that has long been used as tonic agent in various ethno-medical systems in East Asia,especially in China,for the treatment of gastrointestinal dysfunction,cancer,osteoporosis,obesity and fetal irritability.We used the TCMSP database to search for the main active ingredients and traditional Chinese medicine targets of Atractylodes macrocephala.There are a total of 38 related articles,of which 27 are closely related to chemical composition and activity.This study reviews the chemical components and pharmacological effects of A.lancea,aiming to provide reference for its further research and development.

Chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Croton crassifolius

Croton crassifolius(CC)is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine rich in terpenoids,with among which diterpene species are the most.CC had biological activities in the treatment of cancer,inflammation,ulcerative colitis,osteoporosis and Alzheimer’s disease.This study reviews the chemical compositions and pharmacological activities of CC to provide reference for further research.

Chemical composition and biological activity of Houttuynia cordata

Houttuynia cordata is an important traditional Chinese medicine.It is widely used for clearing heat and detoxification,reducing swelling and treating sores,diuresis and dehumidification.It is also used to treat lung carbuncles,ulcers,hemorrhoids,rectal bleeding,spleen and stomach heat,which are caused by excess heat,heat toxicity,dampness,and disease heat.Modern pharmacological experiments have shown that H.cordata has antibacterial,antiviral,immune enhancing,diuretic and other effects.This article reviews the chemical components and biological activities of H.cordata to provide reference for clinical application.

Chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Lonicerae japonicae

Lonicera japonica,also known as honeysuckle,is an evergreen shrub in the family of Syzygium.By consulting Sciencedirect databases and Web of Science databases,79 related articles were found,of which 22 were related to chemical composition and pharmacological activity.These articles show that L.japonica has a wide range of pharmacological activities,including antiviral,anti-tumor,and antioxidant effects.These activities have important applications in the pharmaceutical,food,and fragrance industries.This review focuses on the chemical composition and pharmacological effects of L.japonicae,which is of great significance to the development of new drugs and therapeutic methods.

Chemical compositions and pharmacological activities ofXanthium strumarium

Xanthium strumarium(X.strumarium)is a traditional Chinese medicine with a long history.In recent years,with the development of modern pharmacology and chemical analysis technology,research on X.strumarium has been deepend.This paper aims to systematically summarize the chemical compositions and pharmacological effects of X.strumarium,in order to provide theoretical basis and reference for further exploration in its clinical application and drug development.

PD-1单抗联合化疗与化疗治疗Ⅲ-Ⅳ期SMARCA4缺失型非小细胞肺癌的疗效评估及预后分析

背景与目的SMARCA4突变广泛分布于各种人类肿瘤中,具有SMARCA4突变的非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)至少占所有NSCLC的10%。由于SMARCA4缺失型非小细胞肺癌(SMARCA4-deficient non-small cell lung cancer,SMARCA4-DNSCLC)具有高侵袭性和难治性,且缺乏靶向药物治疗的敏感位点突变,常规放疗和靶向治疗难以改善患者预后,联合或不联合免疫治疗仍是其主要治疗方案,但对于SMARCA4-DNSCLC的有效治疗方案仍存在争议。本研究旨在探讨程序性死亡受体1(programmed cell death 1,PD-1)单抗联合化疗与化疗在Ⅲ-Ⅳ期SMARCA4-DNSCLC患者中的疗效及预后。方法回顾性分析46例Ⅲ-Ⅳ期SMARCA4-DNSCLC患者的一般资料,并探讨其预后的影响因素,按治疗方案将其分为PD-1单抗联合化疗组及化疗组,对两组患者进行疗效评估和生存分析。结果SMARCA4-DSCLC多发生于男性吸烟患者。PD-1单抗联合化疗组与化疗组间的客观缓解率(76.5%vs 69.0%,P=0.836)及疾病控制率(100.0%vs 89.7%,P=0.286)差异无统计学意义;PD-1单抗联合化疗组1年生存率为62.7%,化疗组为46.0%;PD-1单抗联合化疗组与化疗组中位无进展生存期(progression-free survival,PFS)差异具有统计学意义(9.3个月vs 6.1个月,P=0.048)。Cox回归分析结果显示治疗方案及吸烟史是Ⅲ-Ⅳ期SMARCA4-DNSCLC患者PFS的独立影响因素,家族史是Ⅲ-Ⅳ期SMARCA4-DNSCLC患者总生存期的独立影响因素。结论治疗方案是Ⅲ-Ⅳ期SMARCA4-DNSCLC患者预后的影响因素,PD-1单抗联合化疗患者预后可能更好。

LIPI及iSEND免疫评分在晚期非小细胞肺癌免疫治疗中的预测价值分析

背景与目的本研究回顾性分析了肺癌免疫治疗预后指数(lung immune prognostic index,LIPI)及iSEND免疫评分系统在中国晚期非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)患者免疫治疗中的应用价值,以寻找指导临床制定NSCLC治疗方案的新指标。方法回顾性分析178例应用免疫治疗的晚期NSCLC患者的临床资料。对患者分别进行LIPI及iSEND免疫评分,绘制受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)并比较两者对客观缓解率(objective response rate,ORR)、疾病控制率(disease control rate,DCR)、无进展生存期(progression free survival,PFS)的预测价值。应用Kaplan-Meier方法进行生存分析,单因素和多因素Cox回归进行各种临床特征与PFS之间的关系分析。结果iSEND免疫评分预测ORR、DCR、PFS的曲线下面积(area under the cuever,AUC)分别为0.616、0.634、0.631;LIPI预测的AUC分别为0.789、0.750、0.732,均大于iSEND免疫评分(P<0.05)。LIPI评分良好、中等、较差组患者的中位PFS分别为9.9个月、6.1个月、3.7个月;iSEND免疫评分良好、中等、较差组患者中位PFS分别为9.9个月、7.0个月、3.5个月,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。在免疫联合治疗亚组中不同LIPI及不同iSEND免疫评分分组患者中位PFS差异同样具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Cox回归分析示衍生中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞的比率(derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio,dNLR)、乳酸脱氢酶(lactic dehydrogenase,LDH)与PFS独立相关(P<0.05)。结论LIPI及iSEND免疫评分系统均能有效预测晚期NSCLC免疫治疗疗效及预后,且LIPI较iSEND免疫评分具有更高的预测价值。

晚期非小细胞肺癌患者应用免疫治疗后出现甲状腺功能异常与疗效的相关性分析

背景与目的甲状腺功能异常(thyroid function abnormality,TFA)是晚期非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)患者常见的免疫治疗相关不良内分泌事件,但TFA发生的危险因素及其与患者疗效的关系尚不完全清楚。本研究旨在探讨晚期NSCLC患者应用免疫治疗后出现TFA的危险因素及其与疗效的关系。方法回顾性收集2019年7月1日-2021年6月31日就诊于郑州大学第一附属医院的晚期NSCLC患者的临床资料,应用χ²检验及多因素Logistic回归探究TFA发生的影响因素。绘制Kaplan-Meier曲线,采用Log-rank检验进行组间比较,应用单因素及多因素Cox分析探究疗效的影响因素。结果共有86例(43.10%)患者发生TFA,Logistic回归分析发现美国东部肿瘤协作组体能状态(Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status,ECOG PS)、胸腔积液、乳酸脱氢酶(lactic dehydrogenase,LDH)是TFA发生的影响因素(P<0.05);TFA组患者相比于甲状腺功能正常组患者的中位无进展生存期(progression-free survival,PFS)显著延长(19.0个月vs 6.3个月,P<0.001),且TFA组的客观缓解率(objective response rate,ORR)(65.1%vs 28.9%,P<0.001)和疾病控制率(disease control rate,DCR)(100.0%vs 92.1%,P=0.020)均优于甲状腺功能正常组。Cox回归分析示ECOG PS、LDH、细胞角蛋白19片段(cytokeratin 19 fragment,CYFRA21-1)、TFA是疗效的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论ECOG PS、胸腔积液、LDH可能是TFA发生的影响因素,TFA可能是免疫治疗疗效的影响因素,接受免疫治疗后发生TFA的晚期NSCLC患者可能有更好的疗效。

蓄热调温羽绒羽毛的制备与性能

以羽绒羽毛纤维(down feather)作为基体,在其表面合成聚多巴胺(PDA)并黏附无机二氧化硅(SiO_(2))为壳材、以正十八烷为有机芯材的相变微胶囊(MEPCM),制备了蓄热调温羽绒羽毛(MEPCM/down feather)。首先利用扫描电子显微镜、粒径分析仪、热重分析仪及防泄漏测试对微胶囊的形貌结构及性能进行了表征,结果表明,制备的微胶囊平均粒径为421.9 nm,且成球性能良好;该微胶囊具有良好的包覆性及形状稳定性。其次,对蓄热调温羽绒羽毛形貌结构及性能进行了测试分析,并考察了MEPCM的添加量对羽绒羽毛性能的影响。结果表明,微胶囊均匀且有效黏附在羽绒羽毛上;当MEPCM的比例为10%,制得的蓄热调温羽绒羽毛熔融温度为26.3℃、熔融热焓为10.9 kJ/kg;且呈现良好的亲水性能、抑菌性能和热管理能力,水洗5次后,熔融热焓仍然能达到8.3 kJ/kg。

含氟杂萘联苯聚芳醚液氧相容性涂层的制备及性能

针对复合材料液氧贮箱在使用过程中出现的液氧不相容现象,利用含杂萘联苯结构的4-(4-羟基苯基)-2,3-二氮杂萘-1-酮(DHPZ)和多氟单体全氟联苯(DFBP)合成聚合物含氟杂萘联苯聚芳醚(PPEfB)。以PPEfB为基体,研究了液氧贮箱用涂料的制备方式,优化并确定了手工喷涂的最佳工艺条件为,涂料的质量分数15%、喷涂压力0.02 MPa、喷涂次数8次。制备的涂层冲击反应敏感性IRS为0%,冲击强度50 cm,附着力ISO等级为0级,铅笔硬度等级为2H级,柔韧性为轴径1 mm,涂层具有优异的液氧相容性及韧性,为解决复合材料液氧贮箱的液氧不相容问题提供了新思路。

Surface titanium oxide loaded on a special alumina as high-performance catalyst for reduction of cinnamaldehyde by isopropanol

A nanocomposite catalyst with a nonstoichiometric titanium oxide loaded on a special nanotubular alumina(γ‐Al2O3‐nt)was developed and used to reduce cinnamaldehyde to cinnamyl alcohol with sacrificial isopropanol,i.e.,a Meerwein‐Ponndorf‐Verley type reaction.The deposition process produced a highly disperse layer of titanium oxide on the surface of aγ‐Al2O3‐nt support.After a reduction treatment,the as‐prepared TiOx/γ‐Al2O3‐nt was a highly efficient catalyst for the hydrogen transfer reaction between isopropanol and cinnamaldehyde.Selectivity for cinnamic alcohol was higher than99%and the conversion of cinnamaldehyde was higher than95%.The regular morphology of theγ‐Al2O3‐nt support with homogeneous surface sites and the uniformly dispersed titanium oxide featured a high concentration surface Ti(III)species.These factors contributed to the high performance of the TiOx/γ‐Al2O3‐nt catalyst.