A comparative study on the role of conventional,chemical,and nanopriming for better salt tolerance during seed germination of direct seeding rice

Salinity is one of the most significant risks to crop production and food security as it harms plant physiology and biochemistry.The salt stress during the rice emergence stages severely hampers the seed germination and seedling growth of direct-seeded rice.Recently,nanoparticles(NPs)have been reported to be effectively involved in many plant physiological processes,particularly under abiotic stresses.To our knowledge,no comparative studies have been performed to study the efficiency of conventional,chemical,and seed nanopriming for better plant stress tolerance.Therefore,we conducted growth chamber and field experiments with different salinity levels(0,1.5,and 3‰),two rice varieties(CY1000 and LLY506),and different priming techniques such as hydropriming,chemical priming(ascorbic acid,salicylic acid,and γ-aminobutyric acid),and nanopriming(zinc oxide nanoparticles).Salt stress inhibited rice seed germination,germination index,vigor index,and seedling growth.Also,salt stress increased the over accumulation of reactive oxygen species(H_(2)O_(2) and O_(2)^(-)·)and malondialdehyde(MDA)contents.Furthermore,salt-stressed seedlings accumulated higher sodium(Na^(+))ions and significantly lower potassium(K^(+))ions.Moreover,the findings of our study demonstrated that,among the different priming techniques,seed nanopriming with zinc oxide nanoparticles(NanoZnO)significantly contributed to rice salt tolerance.ZnO nanopriming improved rice seed germination and seedling growth in the pot and field experiments under salt stress.The possible mechanism behind ZnO nanopriming improved rice salt tolerance included higher contents of α-amylase,soluble sugar,and soluble protein and higher activities of antioxidant enzymes to sustain better seed germination and seedling growth.Moreover,another mechanism of ZnO nanopriming induced rice salt tolerance was associated with better maintenance of(K^(+))ions content.Our research concluded that NanoZnO could promote plant salt tolerance and be adopted as a practical nanopriming technique,promoting global crop production in saltaffected agricultural lands.

A preliminary study on the econazole induced endoplasmic reticulum related apoptosis in HL-60 leukemic cells

Objective： To investigate the anti-leukemic function of econazole （Ec）, an azole anti-fungal drug. Methods： We compared efficacy of econazole to induce apoptosis in HL-60 cells with two other known endoplasmic reticulum （ER） stress inducer thapsigargin （Tg） and tunicamycin （Tu）. Results： Cells treated with Ec showed typical morphology of apoptosis following 24 h incubation, parallel to the morphological changes, the expression of molecular chaperone GRP 78 was up-regulated in all cases and the caspase 12, an ER resident caspase was activated. Conclusion： Ec induced ER stress related apoptosis in HL-60 cells; the underlying mechanisms are protein synthesis inhibition through eIF20α phosphorylation and caspase 12 activation.

Finite barrier bound state

A boundary mode localized on one side of a finite-size lattice can tunnel to the opposite side which results in unwanted couplings.Conventional wisdom tells that the tunneling probability decays exponentially with the size of the system which thus requires many lattice sites before eventually becoming negligibly small.Here we show that the tunneling probability for some boundary modes can apparently vanish at specific wavevectors.Thus,similar to bound states in the continuum,a boundary mode can be completely trapped within very few lattice sites where the bulk bandgap is not even well-defined.More intriguingly,the number of trapped states equals the number of lattice sites along the normal direction of the boundary.We provide two configurations and validate the existence of this peculiar finite barrier-bound state experimentally in a dielectric photonic crystal at microwave frequencies.Our work offers extreme flexibility in tuning the coupling between localized states and channels as well as a new mechanism that facilitates unprecedented manipulation of light.

A Direct Route to Tetrahydropyridazine Derivatives via DMAP-Catalyzed [4+2] Annulation of Allenoates with Arylazosulfones

Herein,a DMAP-catalyzed[4+2]annulation ofα-substituted allenoates with arylazosulfones is reported,which affords facile access to tetrahydropyridazine derivative in synthetically useful yields.This reaction features mild conditions and good functional group tolerance.Moreover,the resultant products can be readily transformed into pyridazin-3-one derivatives in the presence of DDQ.

Outcome of aggressive B-cell lymphoma with TP53 alterations administered with CAR T-cell cocktail alone or in combination with ASCT

TP53 gene alteration confers inferior prognosis in refractory/relapse aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma(r/r B-NHL).From September 2016 to September 2020,257 r/r B-NHL patients were assessed for eligibility for two trials in our center,assessing anti-CD19 and anti-CD22 chimeric antigen receptor(CAR19/22)T-cell cocktail treatment alone or in combination with autologous stem cell transplantation(ASCT).TP53 alterations were screened in 123 enrolled patients and confirmed in 60.CAR19/22 T-cell administration resulted in best objective(ORR)and complete(CRR)response rate of 87.1%and 45.2%in patients with TP53 alterations.

Two-step Optimal Allocation of Stationary and Mobile Energy Storage Systems in Resilient Distribution Networks

Energy storage systems (ESSs) are acknowledged to be a promising option to cope with issues in high penetration of renewable energy and guarantee a highly reliable power supply. In this paper, a two-step optimal allocation model is proposed to obtain the optimal allocation (location and size) of stationary ESSs (SESSs) and mobile ESSs (MESSs) in the resilient distribution networks (DNs). In the first step, a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) problem is formulated to obtain the preselected location of ESSs with consideration of different scenarios under normal operation conditions. In the second step, a two-stage robust optimization model is established to get the optimal allocation results of ESSs under failure operation conditions which are solved by column-and-constraint generation (C&CG) algorithm. A hybrid ESS allocation strategy based on the subjective and objective weight analysis is proposed to give the final allocation scheme of SESSs and MESSs. Finally, the proposed two-step optimal allocation model is demonstrated on a modified IEEE 33-bus system to show its effectiveness and merits.

A practical synthesis of α-bromo/iodo/chloroketones from olefins under visible-light irradiation conditions

A practical synthesis of α-bromo/iodo/chloroketones from olefins under visible-light irradiation conditions has been developed.In the presence of PhI(OAc)_(2) as promoter and under ambient conditions,the reactions of styrenes and triiodomethane undergo the transformation smoothly to deliver the corresponding a-iodoketones without additional photocatalyst in good yields under sunlight irradiation.Mea nwhile,the reactions of styrenes with tribromomethane and trichloromethane generate the desiredα-bromoketones and a-chloroketones in high yields by using Ru(bpy)_(3)Cl_(2) as a photocatalyst under blue LED(450-455 nm) irradiation.

Visible-light-induced chemoselective reactions of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with alkylboronic acids under air/N_(2) atmosphere

A visible-light-induced chemoselective reactions of quinoxalin-2(1 H)-ones with alkylboronic acids in the presence of air(O_(2)) and N_(2)atmosphere was developed under transition-metal free conditions, providing 3-alkylquinoxalin-2(1H)-ones and 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-ones, respectively. The overall strategy accommodates a broad scope of substituted quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones and alkylboronic acids with good to excellent product yields.