Ecological-Based Mining:A Coal-Water-Thermal Collaborative Paradigm in Ecologically Fragile Areas in Western China

A substantial reduction in groundwater level,exacerbated by coal mining activities,is intensifying water scarcity in western China’s ecologically fragile coal mining areas.China’s national strategic goal of achieving a carbon peak and carbon neutrality has made eco-friendly mining that prioritizes the protection and efficient use of water resources essential.Based on the resource characteristics of mine water and heat hazards,an intensive coal-water-thermal collaborative co-mining paradigm for the duration of the mining process is proposed.An integrated system for the production,supply,and storage of mining companion resources is achieved through technologies such as roof water inrush prevention and control,hydrothermal quality improvement,and deep-injection geological storage.An active preventive and control system achieved by adjusting the mining technology and a passive system centered on multiobjective drainage and grouting treatment are suggested,in accordance with the original geological characteristics and dynamic process of water inrush.By implementing advanced multi-objective drainage,specifically designed to address the“skylight-type”water inrush mode in the Yulin mining area of Shaanxi Province,a substantial reduction of 50%in water drillings and inflow was achieved,leading to stabilized water conditions that effectively ensure subsequent safe coal mining.An integrated-energy complementary model that incorporates the clean production concept of heat utilization is also proposed.The findings indicate a potential saving of 8419 t of standard coal by using water and air heat as an alternative heating source for the Xiaojihan coalmine,resulting in an impressive energy conservation of 50.2%and a notable 24.2%reduction in carbon emissions.The ultra-deep sustained water injection of 100 m^(3)·h^(-1)in a single well would not rupture the formation or cause water leakage,and 7.87×10^(5)t of mine water could be effectively stored in the Liujiagou Formation,presenting a viable method for mine-water management in the Ordos Basin and providing insights for green and low-carbon mining.

Contamination and human health risk assessment of heavy metal(loid)s in topsoil and groundwater around mining and dressing factories in Chifeng,North China

Chifeng is a concentrated mining area for non-ferrous metal minerals,as well as a key prevention and control area for heavyduty enterprises.This situation necessitates an efective ecological and human health risk assessment of heavy metal(loid)s driven by the wide distribution of metal ore processing,mining,and smelting factories in Hexigten Banner and Bairin Left Banner.We conducted surveys to assess the levels of heavy metal(loid)s(Cr,As,Pb,Cd,and Hg)in the topsoil and groundwater of the areas.The results indicated that the concentrations of As,Cd,and Pb in partial soil samples exceeded the environmental quality standards of Grade II.Based on contamination assessments,such as geoaccumulation indices and pollution indices,we inferred that Cd,Pb,and As were primary pollutants in topsoil.Potential ecological risks when considered as part of the average risk indices(RI)are up to 1626.40 and 2818.76,respectively,in the two areas.Comparative analysis revealed that Cd posed a very high potential ecological risk,followed by As.Moreover,the evaluation showed that the three exposure pathways of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk followed a descending order:inhalation>ingestion>dermal contact,except for Pb.Arsenic in topsoil posed a potential non-carcinogenic risk to human health,while there were no adverse efects of As in groundwater.In addition,the average total carcinogenic risk for As in the two areas,as well as the risk of Pb in the topsoil of Bairin Left Banner and all the fve heavy metal(loid)s in groundwater,exceeded human tolerance.Pb–Zn mines caused higher human health risks.In addition,the tandem contamination of heavy metal(loid)s in soil and groundwater was not obvious.This research study provides a basis for pollution remediation to control heavy industry-induced ecological and health risks of heavy metal(loid)s.

智能手机色度分析测定甲基紫与氢氧化钠反应速率常数

化学反应速率是反应动力学最基本的一个概念,化学反应速率常数的测定是基础化学实验中的必做实验。但该实验存在着试剂消耗量大等诸多缺点。本次实践活动从绿色化学理念出发,提出了通过将色彩理论与化学知识结合进行反应速率的测定,以达到节省实验所用试剂、提高学生对实验的兴趣等目的。首先调研了解学生对经典动力学实验的看法和利用智能手机进行化学实验的接受度,并在理论上对该方法的可行性进行了分析,再根据录制的甲基紫与NaOH反应的视频,通过色度分析获得了浓度随时间变化的曲线,由此测定了该反应的反应速率常数。该方法结合了互补光色理论、物质吸光定律等知识,只需利用智能手机和取色软件就可以开展动力学实验。

Notch signaling pathway in cancer:from mechanistic insights to targeted therapies

Notch signaling,renowned for its role in regulating cell fate,organ development,and tissue homeostasis across metazoans,is highly conserved throughout evolution.The Notch receptor and its ligands are transmembrane proteins containing epidermal growth factor-like repeat sequences,typically necessitating receptor-ligand interaction to initiate classical Notch signaling transduction.Accumulating evidence indicates that the Notch signaling pathway serves as both an oncogenic factor and a tumor suppressor in various cancer types.Dysregulation of this pathway promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis in malignancies,closely linked to cancer proliferation,invasion,and metastasis.Furthermore,the Notch signaling pathway contributes to maintaining stem-like properties in cancer cells,thereby enhancing cancer invasiveness.The regulatory role of the Notch signaling pathway in cancer metabolic reprogramming and the tumor microenvironment suggests its pivotal involvement in balancing oncogenic and tumor suppressive effects.Moreover,the Notch signaling pathway is implicated in conferring chemoresistance to tumor cells.Therefore,a comprehensive understanding of these biological processes is crucial for developing innovative therapeutic strategies targeting Notch signaling.This review focuses on the research progress of the Notch signaling pathway in cancers,providing in-depth insights into the potential mechanisms of Notch signaling regulation in the occurrence and progression of cancer.Additionally,the review summarizes pharmaceutical clinical trials targeting Notch signaling for cancer therapy,aiming to offer new insights into therapeutic strategies for human malignancies.

Novel chitosan-ethylene glycol hydrogel for the removal of aqueous perfluorooctanoic acid

It is urgent to explore an effective removal method for perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)due to its recalcitrant nature.In this study,a novel chitosan-based hydrogel(CEGH)was prepared with a simple method using chitosan and ethylene glycol through a repeated freezingthawing procedure.The adsorption of PFOA anions to CEGH agreed well to the FreundlichLangmuir model with a maximum adsorption capacity as high as 1275.9 mg/g,which is higher than reported values of most adsorbents for PFOA.The adsorption was influenced by experimental conditions.Experimental results showed that the main removal mechanism was the ionic hydrogen bond interaction between carbonyl groups(COO-)of PFOA and protonated amine(NH^+)of the CEGH adsorbent.Therefore,CEGH is a very attractive adsorbent that can be used to remove PFOA from water in the future.

New mechanism of FA in composted sludge inducing Cu fixation on Albite in open-pit mine soil

Fulvic acid(FA),typical organic matter derived from humification process in composted sludge,possesses the potential to remediate mine soils contaminated by heavy metals.To understand the cooper(Cu)immobilizing process in open-pit mine soil induced by FA,changes of Cu speciation in mixture of open-pit mine soil and composted sludge was tracked over 180 days.It was observed that the organic-bound and residual fraction of Cu increased dramatically with the corresponding decrease of Fe/Mn oxide-bound Cu in the first 60 days,then the organic-bound fraction decreased to about its initial proportion during 60-120 days,while residual fraction still increased,and the proportion of residual Cu accounted for over85%and became stable after 120 days.To reveal the mechanism of FA inducing Cu fixation on Albite which is the main phase of soil primary ore,two groups of Cu adsorption experiments with and without FA were designed.With the addition of FA,the adsorption capacity of Cu by Albite increased by 1.55 times and the content of residual Cu in Albite increased by7.7 times.It was found that the Cu absorbed in smaller Albite particle induced by FA formed a secondary mineral——Chrysocolla,causing increase of residual fraction of Cu.These results revealed the mechanism:FA was absorbed on the surface of Albite after complexing with Cu ions in the solution,and then it induced Cu into the interlayer and pore channels of Albite.The Cu in the Albite was immobilized by forming Chrysocolla finally.

Metal-organic layers induce in situ nano-structuring of Cu surface in electrocatalytic CO_(2)reduction

Cu-based catalysts have attracted widespread attention for its capability in electrocatalytically reducing CO_(2)to a variety of products.Surface modification of Cu has become an interesting method for tuning the catalytic performance.Here,we use Zrbased metal-organic layers(MOLs)as the additive of the Cu surface,which enhanced the Faradaic efficiency of CH4 by two times as compared to the untreated polycrystalline Cu foil.Unexpectedly,the MOLs were found to induce in situ nano-structuring of the Cu foil surface within seconds in the electrolysis,as revealed by a combination of scanning electron microscopy(SEM),grazing incidence X-ray diffractometry(GIXRD),and linear sweep voltammetry(LSV)measurements.These surface changes are responsible for the shift of product selectivity.Control experiments suggest that negatively chargedμ3-O−on the Zr-cluster in the MOL might interact with CO-covered Cu surface and induce roughing and nano-structuring.This work reveals a potential role of additive on Cu to induce surface nano-structuring that tunes catalytic activity and selectivity.