普惠性学前教育公共服务监测模型与指标的构建——基于“以人民为中心”的视角

在当前我国大力发展普惠性学前教育的时期,建立基于"以人民为中心"视角、以服务功能为导向的普惠性学前教育公共服务监测模型和指标具有十分重要的意义。依据监测理论模型,本研究从投入层面的服务充分性、分配层面的服务均衡性、产出层面的服务公益性、结果层面的服务满意度四个方面,编制了普惠性学前教育公共服务监测指标,并通过三轮德尔菲专家访谈对指标进行了修订。同时,本研究采用两阶段分层整群抽样方法,选取5224名教育行政人员、幼儿园教师、家长为调查对象,利用经典测量理论和项目反应理论的项目分析、探索性因素分析、验证性因素分析、等级反应模型对监测量表进行了修订,最终获得包含4个一级维度、11个二级维度、47个三级指标的普惠性学前教育公共服务监测指标体系,以期能够为新时代普惠性学前教育公共服务监测工作的开展提供科学工具。

Stereotactic surgery for refractory epilepsy complicated by mental disorders A retrospective case analysis

BACKGROUND： Anti-epilepsy and anti-psychosis drugs have traditionally been used in the clinic to treat epilepsy complicated by mental disorders. However, there is still no effective therapy for refractory epilepsy patients suffering from persistent mental disorders. OBJECTIVE： To explore the therapeutic effects of stereotactic multi-element localization and multi-target radiofrequency ablation on patients with refractory primary epilepsy and mental disorders. DESIGN： A retrospective case analysis. SETTING： Department of Neurosurgery, the 454 Hospital of Chinese PLA. PARTICIPANTS： Between June and November 2004, 13 patients with refractory primary epilepsy complicated by persistent mental disorders were admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery, the 454 Hospital of Chinese PLA. The patient group consisted of nine males and four females, with an average age of 25 years （range 18-39 years）, and a course of disease ranging 3-11 years. Diagnosis of mental disorders was in accordance with Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients and their families, and the treatment protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Hospital. METHODS： Under venous inhalation anesthesia, the disease targets, including bilateral corpus callosum, bilateral amygdala, and bilateral medial septal area, as well as unilateral Forel-H area, were coagulated by RFG-3CF radiofrequency thermocoagnlation at 75-80 ℃ for 60-70 seconds. During thermocoagulation, the targets were identified using deep-brain microelectrodes and localized according to electrophysiology and electric resistance values. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： One year post-surgery, epileptic seizures were assessed on the basis of the Tan classification, and psychogenic （non-epileptic） seizures were evaluated using a 5-grade system. RESULTS： All enrolled 13 epileptic patients were included in the final analysis. The results of follow-up evaluations demonstrated that epilepsy was well-controlled. In total, nine patients did not experience relapse, and the frequency of seizures was reduced by 75% in two patients, and 50%-74% in another two patients. Psychogenic seizures were ameliorated in 11 cases （class 1, recovery） and improved significantly in two cases （class 2, significant improvement）. CONCLUSION： Radiofrequency ablation of bilateral corpus callosum, bilateral amygdala, bilateral medial septal area, and unilateral Forel-H area exhibits certain efficacy in treating epileptic patients suffering from persistent mental disorders.

Paeoniflorin inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in LO2 cells by regulating RhoA/NLRP3 pathway

Background:Inflammation is an essential component of liver diseases.Paeoniflorin(PF),a monoterpenoid component derived from peony root(Paeonia lactiflora Pall.),has anti-inflammatory,immunoregulatory,and hepatoprotective activities.However,whether PF affects liver inflammation and its underlying mechanisms is unclear.In this study,we investigated the effects of PF on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced inflammation in LO2 cells and the underlying molecular mechanism.Methods:LPS was used to induce inflammation.After PF pretreatment for 2 h,the cells were treated with PF and LPS.Cell counting kit-8 was used to measure cell viability.Tumor necrosis factor-a(TNF-a)and interleukin(IL)-6 were tested by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Western blot was used to evaluate TNF-a,Ras homolog family member A(RhoA),NOD-,LRR-and pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3),apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD(ASC),caspase-1,and IL-1b proteins expression.Results:In LPS-induced LO2 cells,PF reduced TNF-a and IL-6 inflammatory cytokine production in a dose-dependent manner.LPS-induced TNF-a expression was also suppressed by PF.In addition,PF significantly inhibited LPS-induced RhoA activation(P=.0014).Finally,PF suppressed LPS-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation by downregulating NLRP3,ASC,caspase-1,and IL-1b expression.Conclusion:These findings suggest that PF alleviates inflammation induced by LPS and further suggest the anti-inflammatory effect of PF may follow via reduced RhoA and NLRP3 inflammasome activity.

CEPC Technical Design Report

The Circular Electron Positron Collider(CEPC)is a large scientific project initiated and hosted by China,fostered through extensive collaboration with international partners.The complex comprises four accelerators:a 30 GeV Linac,a 1.1 GeV Damping Ring,a Booster capable of achieving energies up to 180 GeV,and a Collider operating at varying energy modes(Z,W,H,and tt).The Linac and Damping Ring are situated on the surface,while the subterranean Booster and Collider are housed in a 100 km circumference underground tunnel,strategically accommodating future expansion with provisions for a potential Super Proton Proton Collider(SPPC).The CEPC primarily serves as a Higgs factory.In its baseline design with synchrotron radiation(SR)power of 30 MW per beam,it can achieve a luminosity of 5×10^(34)cm^(-2)s^(-1)per interaction point(IP),resulting in an integrated luminosity of 13 ab^(-1)for two IPs over a decade,producing 2.6 million Higgs bosons.Increasing the SR power to 50 MW per beam expands the CEPC's capability to generate 4.3 million Higgs bosons,facilitating precise measurements of Higgs coupling at sub-percent levels,exceeding the precision expected from the HL-LHC by an order of magnitude.This Technical Design Report(TDR)follows the Preliminary Conceptual Design Report(Pre-CDR,2015)and the Conceptual Design Report(CDR,2018),comprehensively detailing the machine's layout,performance metrics,physical design and analysis,technical systems design,R&D and prototyping efforts,and associated civil engineering aspects.Additionally,it includes a cost estimate and a preliminary construction timeline,establishing a framework for forthcoming engineering design phase and site selection procedures.Construction is anticipated to begin around 2027-2028,pending government approval,with an estimated duration of 8 years.The commencement of experiments and data collection could potentially be initiated in the mid-2030s.

JUNO sensitivity on proton decay p→νK^(+)searches

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO)is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics.In this study,the potential of searching for proton decay in the p→νK^(+)mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification.Moreover,the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits suppression of the sizable background caused by other delayed signals.Based on these advantages,the detection efficiency for the proton decay via p→νK^(+)is 36.9%±4.9%with a background level of 0.2±0.05(syst)±0.2(stat)events after 10 years of data collection.The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years of exposure is 9.6×1033 years,which is competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel and complements the use of different detection technologies.

粒子物理及高能加速器的未来--新原理加速器能行吗?

新原理加速器是否将代替现有加速器?这一问题近来得到社会的广泛关注.本文介绍了粒子物理的发展目标及相应手段,新原理加速器的发展现状、问题、特点和趋势,给出了粒子物理、高能加速器及新原理加速器未来发展的个人见解.

Thermo-optic all-optical devices based on two-dimensional materials

In this paper, we review our recent work on thermo-optic all-optical devices based on two-dimensional(2 D)materials. The unique properties of 2 D materials enable fast and highly efficient thermo-optic control of light.A few all-optical devices are demonstrated based on various thermo-optic mechanisms. Both fiber and integrated devices will be shown.

Exploring the design space of immersive urban analytics

Recent years have witnessed the rapid development and wide adoption of immersive head-mounted devices,such as HTC VIVE,Oculus Rift,and Microsoft HoloLens.These immersive devices have the potential to significantly extend the methodology of urban visual analytics by providing critical 3D context information and creating a sense of presence.In this paper,we propose a theoretical model to characterize the visualizations in immersive urban analytics.Furthermore,based on our comprehensive and concise model,we contribute a typology of combination methods of 2D and 3D visualizations that distinguishes between linked views,embedded views,and mixed views.We also propose a supporting guideline to assist users in selecting a proper view under certain circumstances by considering visual geometry and spatial distribution of the 2D and 3D visualizations.Finally,based on existing work,possible future research opportunities are explored and discussed.

Precision Higgs physics at the CEPC

The discovery of the Higgs boson with its mass around 125 GeV by the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations marked the beginning of a new era in high energy physics.The Higgs boson will be the subject of extensive studies of the ongoing LHC program.At the same time,lepton collider based Higgs factories have been proposed as a possible next step beyond the LHC,with its main goal to precisely measure the properties of the Higgs boson and probe potential new physics associated with the Higgs boson.The Circular Electron Positron Collider(CEPC)is one of such proposed Higgs factories.The CEPC is an e^+e^- circular collider proposed by and to be hosted in China.Located in a tunnel of approximately 100 km in circumference,it will operate at a center-of-mass energy of 240 GeV as the Higgs factory.In this paper,we present the first estimates on the precision of the Higgs boson property measurements achievable at the CEPC and discuss implications of these measurements.

Feasibility and physics potential of detecting ^(8)B solar neutrinos at JUNO

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO)features a 20 kt multi-purpose underground liquid scintillator sphere as its main detector.Some of JUNO's features make it an excellent location for^8B solar neutrino measurements,such as its low-energy threshold,high energy resolution compared with water Cherenkov detectors,and much larger target mass compared with previous liquid scintillator detectors.In this paper,we present a comprehensive assessment of JUNO's potential for detecting^8B solar neutrinos via the neutrino-electron elastic scattering process.A reduced 2 MeV threshold for the recoil electron energy is found to be achievable,assuming that the intrinsic radioactive background^(238)U and^(232)Th in the liquid scintillator can be controlled to 10^(-17)g/g.With ten years of data acquisition,approximately 60,000 signal and 30,000 background events are expected.This large sample will enable an examination of the distortion of the recoil electron spectrum that is dominated by the neutrino flavor transformation in the dense solar matter,which will shed new light on the inconsistency between the measured electron spectra and the predictions of the standard three-flavor neutrino oscillation framework.IfDelta m^(2)_(21)=4.8times10^(-5);(7.5times10^(-5))eV^(2),JUNO can provide evidence of neutrino oscillation in the Earth at approximately the 3sigma(2sigma)level by measuring the non-zero signal rate variation with respect to the solar zenith angle.Moreover,JUNO can simultaneously measureDelta m^2_(21)using^8B solar neutrinos to a precision of 20% or better,depending on the central value,and to sub-percent precision using reactor antineutrinos.A comparison of these two measurements from the same detector will help understand the current mild inconsistency between the value of Delta m^2_(21)reported by solar neutrino experiments and the KamLAND experiment.

Study of imaging unknown objects by cosmic-ray muons

Introduction Cosmic-ray muon imaging is a kind of nondestructive detection technology which can be used to detect unknown objects in geological exploration,civil engineering and nuclear safety.Transmission imaging and scattering tomography schemes are studied.Method The transmission scheme uses a multilayer detector to measure the direction of a cosmic-ray muon passing through an object.The scattering scheme involves placing two detectors upstream and downstream of the object to record the incident and exit directions of the muon passing through the object.The effect of the detector resolution on the imaging clarity of transmission imaging was studied.The applicable scenarios of the two schemes were analyzed.Results The results by calculating show that in the transmission imaging of a hundred-meter object,a spatial resolution of 2.5 m can be achieved,and Cu and Fe can be discriminated with a density difference of 1.1 g/cm3.Scattering tomography is mainly suitable for meter-level objects,which can detect 0.2 m chamber and distinguish 0.05 m heavy metal blocks in rock.

Sub-percent precision measurement of neutrino oscillation parameters with JUNO

JUNO is a multi-purpose neutrino observatory under construction in the south of China.This publication presents new sensitivity estimates for the measurement of the △m_(31)^(2),△m_(21)^(2),sin^(2)θ_(12),and sin^(2)θ_(13) oscillation parameters using reactor antineutrinos,which is one of the primary physics goals of the experiment.The sensitivities are obtained using the best knowledge available to date on the location and overburden of the experimental site,the nuclear reactors in the surrounding area and beyond,the detector response uncertainties,and the reactor antineutrino spectral shape constraints expected from the TAO satellite detector.It is found that the △m_(21)^(2) and sin^(2)θ_(12) oscillation parameters will be determined to 0.5%precision or better in six years of data collection.In the same period,the △m_(31)^(2) parameter will be determined to about 0.2%precision for each mass ordering hypothesis.The new precision represents approximately an order of magnitude improvement over existing constraints for these three parameters.

Laser measurement system for acrylic transmittance of JUNO central detector

Background During the research phase of acrylic panel for the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO)central detector(CD),the darkroom transmittance measurement system(DTMS)was designed and built,and a massive amount of measurements were carried out to help determine the composition and processing techniques of the acrylic panel.Motivation The mass production of acrylic panels was started after the pilot production.The requirement of transmittance measurement put forward new demands on operation,and a new measurement system was considered to support removable and non-destructive measurement on site.Result After the accomplishment of design,development and verification were completed,the laser measurement system came into use in the acrylic workshop of Taixing Donchamp Acrylic Ltd,and the transmittance results of acrylic spherical panels met the requirement of JUNO.The optical design,tooling design,data processing interface and uncertainty analyses of the laser measurement system are discussed in detail,and the measured transmittance results are also introduced in this article.

Towards the meV limit of the effective neutrino mass in neutrinoless double-beta decays

We emphasize that it is extremely important for future neutrinoless double-beta(0νββ)decay experiments to reach the sensitivity to the effective neutrino mass|mββ|≈1 meV.With such a sensitivity,it is highly possible to discover the signals of 0νββ decays.If no signal is observed at this sensitivity level,then either neutrinos are Dirac particles or stringent constraints can be placed on their Majorana masses.In this paper,assuming the sensitivity of|mββ|≈1 meV for future 0νββ decay experiments and the precisions on neutrion oscillation parameters after the JUNO experiment,we fully explore the constrained regions of the lightest neutrino mass m1 and two Majorana-type CP-violating phases{ρ,σ}.Several important conclusions in the case of normal neutrino mass ordering can be made.First,the lightest neutrino mass is severely constrained to a narrow range m1∈[0.7,8]meV,which together with the precision measurements of neutrino mass-squared differences from oscillation experiments completely determines the neutrino mass spectrum m2∈[8.6,11.7]meV ing phases is limited to ρ∈[130°,230°],which cannot be obtained from any other realistic experiments.Third,the sum of three neutrino masses is found to beΣ≡m1+m2+m3∈[59.2,72.6]meV,while the effective neutrino mass for beta decays turns out to be mβ≡(|Ue1|2m1^2+|Ue2|2m2^2+|Ue3|2m3^2)1/2∈[8.9,12.6]meV.These observations clearly set up the roadmap for future non-oscillation neutrino experiments aiming to solve the fundamental problems in neutrino physics.

All-optical modulator based on MoS_2-PVA thin film

The all-optical approach plays an important role in ultrafast all-optical signal processing, and the all-fiber scheme has a wide application in optical communications. In this letter, we investigate an all-optical modulator using few-layer molybdenum disulfide（MoS2）-polyvinyl alcohol（PVA） thin films based on the thermo-optic effect and obtain a long-time stable modulated output by applying polarization interference. By absorbing the injected 980 nm pump（control light）, MoS2 generates heat, changes the refractive index of MoS2, and modulates the polarization of light. The obtained thermal all-optical modulator has a rise time of 526 μs.

Different genes involved in the amelioration of chronic neuropathic pain and comorbid anxiety by electroacupuncture with different intensities

Background:With its complex and prevalent symptoms,chronic neuropathic pain(CNP)is frequently combined with negative emotions.Electroacupuncture(EA)is a widely-used and effective treatment for CNP and pain-induced comorbid anxiety-like behaviors(PABs).Although different effects may result from EA with different intensities,the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.Objective:The study aimed to investigate the effects of EA with different intensities on CNP and PABs and the underlying mechanisms,by exploring the different genes through RNASeq in the spinal cord dorsal horn(SCDH)and periaqueductal gray(PAG).Methods:A spared nerve injury(SNI)model was established using male C57BL/6 J mice,and treated with EA of different intensities(0.1 mA or 0.3 mA,both at 100 Hz).The von-Frey tests,open field tests and elevated plus maze tests were used to measure the mechanical paw withdrawal threshold(PWT)and PABs of the mice.The tissues of SCDH and PAG regions were extracted to identify the changes in gene expression,and biofunctional analysis of differentially expressed genes(DEGs)was further performed by RNA-seq analysis.The expression of key DEGs and corresponding proteins was assessed using quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR)and protein immunofluorescence detection,respectively.Results:Both 0.1 mA and 0.3 mA EA at 100 Hz alleviated PABs compared with the SNI group.Furthermore,0.3 mA EA was effective in increasing PWT in SNI mice,whereas 0.1 mA EA was not.A total of 108 DEGs was identified in the SCDH,and 254 DEGs were identified in the PAG.Specifically,the expression of Tnr in SNI mice decreased after the treatment with 0.3 mA EA at 100 Hz,and the expression of Ptprb,Net1,Abcb1a and Adgrf5 in SNI mice decreased in the PAG after the treatment with 0.1 mA EA at 100 Hz.Conclusion:The effect of 0.3 mA EA on chronic pain may be related to the decrease of Tnr expression in SCDH,and the effect of 0.1 mA EA on PABs may be achieved by decreased expression of Ptprb and Net1 in PAG.