Exciting lattice oxygen of nickel–iron bi-metal alkoxide for efficient electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction

High efficiency,cost-effective and durable electrocatalysts are of pivotal importance in energy conversion and storage systems.The electro-oxidation of water to oxygen plays a crucial role in such energy conversion technologies.Herein,we report a robust method for the synthesis of a bimetallic alkoxide for efficient oxygen evolution reaction(OER)for alkaline electrolysis,which yields current density of 10 mA cm^(-2)at an overpotential of 215 mV in 0.1 M KOH electrolyte.The catalyst demonstrates an excellent durability for more than 540 h operation with negligible degradation in activity.Raman spectra revealed that the catalyst underwent structure reconstruction during OER,evolving into oxyhydroxide,which was the active site proceeding OER in alkaline electrolyte.In-situ synchrotron X-ray absorption experiment combined with density functional theory calculation suggests a lattice oxygen involved electrocatalytic reaction mechanism for the in-situ generated nickel–iron bimetal-oxyhydroxide catalyst.This mechanism together with the synergy between nickel and iron are responsible for the enhanced catalytic activity and durability.These findings provide promising strategies for the rational design of nonnoble metal OER catalysts.

Achieving Negatively Charged Pt Single Atoms on Amorphous Ni(OH)_(2)Nanosheets with Promoted Hydrogen Absorption in Hydrogen Evolution

Single-atom(SA)catalysts with nearly 100%atom utilization have been widely employed in electrolysis for decades,due to the outperforming catalytic activity and selectivity.However,most of the reported SA catalysts are fixed through the strong bonding between the dispersed single metallic atoms with nonmetallic atoms of the substrates,which greatly limits the controllable regulation of electrocatalytic activity of SA catalysts.In this work,Pt-Ni bonded Pt SA catalyst with adjustable electronic states was successfully constructed through a controllable electrochemical reduction on the coordination unsaturated amorphous Ni(OH)_(2)nanosheet arrays.Based on the X-ray absorption fine structure analysis and first-principles calculations,Pt SA was bonded with Ni sites of amorphous Ni(OH)_(2),rather than conventional O sites,resulting in negatively charged Pt^(δ-).In situ Raman spectroscopy revealed that the changed configuration and electronic states greatly enhanced absorbability for activated hydrogen atoms,which were the essential intermediate for alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction.The hydrogen spillover process was revealed from amorphous Ni(OH)_(2)that effectively cleave the H-O-H bond of H_(2)O and produce H atom to the Pt SA sites,leading to a low overpotential of 48 mV in alkaline electrolyte at-1000 mA cm^(-2)mg^(-1)_(Pt),evidently better than commercial Pt/C catalysts.This work provided new strategy for the control-lable modulation of the local structure of SA catalysts and the systematic regulation of the electronic states.

Gyro-Landau-fluid simulations of impurity effects on ion temperature gradient driven turbulence transport

The effects of impurities on ion temperature gradient(ITG)driven turbulence transport in tokamak core plasmas are investigated numerically via global simulations of microturbulence with carbon impurities and adiabatic electrons.The simulations use an extended fluid code(ExFC)based on a four-field gyro-Landau-fluid(GLF)model.The multispecies form of the normalized GLF equations is presented,which guarantees the self-consistent evolution of both bulk ions and impurities.With parametric profiles of the cyclone base case,well-benchmarked ExFC is employed to perform simulations focusing on different impurity density profiles.For a fixed temperature profile,it is found that the turbulent heat diffusivity of bulk ions in a quasi-steady state is usually lower than that without impurities,which is contrary to the linear and quasilinear predictions.The evolutions of the temperature gradient and heat diffusivity exhibit a fast relaxation process,indicating that the destabilization of the outwardly peaked impurity profile is a transient state response.Furthermore,the impurity effects from different profiles can obviously influence the nonlinear critical temperature gradient,which is likely to be dominated by linear effects.These results suggest that the improvement in plasma confinement could be attributed to the impurities,most likely through adjusting both heat diffusivity and the critical temperature gradient.

Ferroelectricity of pristine Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_(2) films fabricated by atomic layer deposition

Hafnium-based ferroelectric films,remaining their ferroelectricity down to nanoscale thickness,present a promising application for low-power logic devices and nonvolatile memories.It has been appealing for researchers to reduce the required temperature to obtain the ferroelectric phase in hafnium-based ferroelectric films for applications such as flexible and wearable electronics.This work demonstrates that a remanent polarization(P_(r))value of>5μC/cm^(2)can be obtained in asdeposited Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_(2)(HZO)films that are fabricated by thermal atomic layer deposition(TALD)under low temperature of 250℃.The ferroelectric orthorhombic phase(o-phase)in the as-deposited HZO films is detected by scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM).This low fabrication temperature further extends the compatibility of ferroelectric HZO films to flexible electronics and avoids the cost imposed by following high-temperature annealing treatments.

3D printed lactic acid bacteria hydrogel:cell release kinetics and stability

In this study,a new type of 3 D printed living biological hydrogel was developed by integrating lactic acid bacteria(LAB)into biocompatible and non-toxic polymer materials.Interestingly,the living materials loaded with LAB can be freeze-dried and reused for more than 100 times.The bio-hydrogel can be used to co-culture different LAB and keep its fermentation performance stable in long-term use.The release kinetics model and response surface method were used to simulate and optimize the bacteria release mode in the bio-hydrogel.The results show that the release of bacteria from hydrogel is regulated by the coupling of Fickian diffusion and polymer swelling.The stability of LAB hydrogel was evaluated by reuse experiments.The images of confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscope showed that the bacteria with high cell viability were distributed in the hydrogel and intact structure of the living hydrogel was maintained after 100 times of reuse as yoghurt starter.In conclusion,the 3 D printed LAB bio-hydrogel developed in this study has the advantage of reuse and sustainability,which is expected to open up a new way for the preparation of food culture starter.

Direct measurement and theoretical prediction model of interparticle adhesion force between irregular planetary regolith particles

Interparticle adhesion force has a controlling effect on the physical and mechanical properties of planetary regolith and rocks.The current research on the adhesion force of planetary regolith and rock particles has been primarily based on the assumption of smooth spherical particles to calculate the intergranular adhesion force;this approach lacks consideration for the adhesion force between irregular shaped particles.In our study,an innovative approach was established to directly measure the adhesion force between the arbitrary irregular shaped particles;the probe was modified using simulated lunar soil particles that were a typical representation of planetary regolith.The experimental results showed that for irregular shaped mineral particles,the particle size and mineral composition had no significant influence on the interparticle adhesion force;however,the complex morphology of the contact surface predominantly controlled the adhesion force.As the contact surface roughness increased,the adhesion force gradually decreased,and the rate of decrease gradually slowed;these results were consistent with the change trend predicted via the theoretical models of quantum electrodynamics.Moreover,a theoretical model to predict the adhesion force between the irregular shaped particles was constructed based on Rabinovich’s theory,and the prediction results were correlated with the experimental measurements.

Clinical Effect of Omeprazole Combined with Amoxicillin in the Treatment of Gastric Ulcer

Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effect of omeprazole+amoxicillin in patients with gastric ulcers.Methods:62 cases of patients with gastric ulcers who were treated from January 2022 to December 2022 were recruited and randomly divided into groups.Omeprazole+amoxicillin treatment was included in the study group,and amoxicillin treatment was included in the control group.The score of gastric ulcer symptoms,time of symptom resolution,gastrointestinal hormone index,and adverse reactions were compared.Results:The gastric ulcer symptom scores in the study group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05);the gastric ulcer symptoms and Helicobacter pylori-negative time in the study group were shorter than those in the control group(P<0.05);the gastrointestinal hormone indexes in the study group were better than those in the control group(P<0.05);the adverse reaction rate of gastric ulcer in the study group was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Omeprazole+amoxicillin in the treatment of gastric ulcers can regulate gastrointestinal hormones,relieve gastric ulcer symptoms,and shorten the duration of ulcers,which is highly effective and feasible.

Analysis of Rainfall Weather Process in Most of China from 3-6 October, 2021

Heavy rain is a common abnormal weather in China, which is prone to major natural disasters such as floods. By using China National Climate Center’s DERF2.0 (the second-generation product of monthly dynamic extended ensemble prediction) models and NCEP (National Centers for Environmental Prediction) data, and using synoptic and dynamic methods and other research methods, the rainfall weather process in most of China from October 3-6, 2021 is analyzed. The results show that: 1) this process had a long duration, large cumulative rainfall and strong extreme. 2) The warm and wet flow and the cold air intersected in the central and western regions of China and Northeast China, which resulted in a regional rainstorm process within ten days. 3) There was a low-level jet moving from Guizhou and Hunan to the south of Northeast China, bringing a lot of water vapor. To sum up, the rainfall process of this round has a certain relationship with the adjustment of atmospheric circulation.

Anthrax lethal toxin and tumor necrosis factor-a synergize on intestinal epithelia to induce mouse death

Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin(LT)is a determinant of lethal anthrax.Its function in myeloid cells is required for bacterial dissemination,and LT itself can directly trigger dysfunction of the cardiovascular system.The interplay between LT and the host responses is important in the pathogenesis,but our knowledge on this interplay remains limited.Tumor necrosis factor-a(TNF-a)is a pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine induced by bacterial infections.Since LT accumulates and cytokines,predominantly TNF,amass during B.anthracis infection,co-treatment of TNF+LT in mice was used to mimic in vivo conditions for LT to function in inflamed hosts.Bone marrow transplantation and genetically engineered mice showed unexpectedly that the death of intestinal epithelial cells(IECs)rather than that of hematopoietic cells led to LT+TNF-induced lethality.Inhibition of p38a mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling by LT in IECs promoted TNF-induced apoptosis and necroptosis of IECs,leading to intestinal damage and mouse death.Consistently,p38a inhibition by LT enhanced TNF-mediated cell death in human colon epithelial HT-29 cells.As intestinal damage is one of the leading causes of lethality in anthrax patients,the IEC damage caused by LT+TNF would most likely be a mechanism underneath this clinical manifestation and could be a target for interventions.

Research paper Air atmosphere available fast one-pot synthesis of VO_(2)nanoparticles with excellent thermochromic properties by a novel liquid-shielding method

As a typical strongly correlated transition oxide,vanadium dioxide(VO_(2))based nanomaterials have drawn many research attentions these years due to the giant metal-to-insulator phase transition(MIPT)at around 68℃.However,due to the complexities of the V-O system and interplays between various vanadium oxide phases,the synthesis of high-quality VO_(2)nanopowders is still fraught with many challenges,especially in air atmosphere.In this paper,we report a novel air atmosphere available liquid-shielding synthesis method for thermochromic VO_(2)nanoparticles,by using low-eutectic molten-salt(LiCl-KCl)as the liquid-state air-insulation medium at elevated temperature and high-pressure pressed VOSO_(4)-KCl pillars immersed in these liquid salts as the precursor.Small amounts of glucose are added to introduce a slight reductive environment,and well dispersed VO_(2)nanoparticles with excellent ther-mochromic properties can be directly synthesized at an ultra-low temperature of 375℃.This feasible and atmosphere-available mass-production method is rarely reported in the related fields,which may provide a novel protocol strategy for the synthesis of high performance thermochromic VO_(2)and other functional oxide powders.

Non-layered InSe nanocrystalline bulk materials with ultra-low thermal conductivity

Exploring new prototypes for a given chemical composition is of great importance and interest to several disciplines.As a famous semiconducting binary compound,InSe usually exhibits a two-dimensional layered structure with decent physical and mechanical properties.However,it is less noticed that InSe can also adopt a monoclinic structure,denoted as mcl-InSe.The synthesis of such a phase usually re-quires high-pressure conditions,and the knowledge is quite scarce on its chemical bonding,lattice dynamics,and thermal transport.Here in this work,by developing a facile method combining me-chanical alloying and spark plasma sintering,we successfully synthesize mcl-InSe bulks with well-crystallized nanograins.The chemical bonding of mcl-InSe is understood as compared with layered InSe via charge analysis.Low cut-off frequencies of acoustic phonons and several low-lying optical modes are demonstrated.Noticeably,mcl-InSe exhibits a low room-temperature thermal conductivity of 0.6 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1),which is smaller than that of other materials in the IneSe system and many other selenides.Low-temperature thermal analyses corroborate the role of nanograin boundaries and low-frequency optical phonons in scattering acoustic phonons.This work provides new insights into the non-common prototype of the InSe binary compound with potential applications in thermoelectrics or thermal insulation.

Ferroptosis:A therapeutic opportunity of inflammatory bowel disease

To the Editor:Even to this day,the etiology and pathogenesis of inammatory bowel disease(IBD)are still unelucidated.Despite signicant progress in IBD treatment in recent years,some patients remain insensitive or non-responsive towards existing treatments.Therefore,further exploring IBD pathogenesis to develop novel therapeutic drugs or drug combinations is quite necessary.Recent studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of regulating cell death in IBD.The ferroptosis,a novel form of cell death,is also involved in the pathological process of IBD.

Locally differentially private frequency distribution estimation with relative error optimization

This paper tackles the problem of estimating the frequency distribution on the crowdsourced multidimensional categorical data under local differential privacy(LDP).Although the frequency estimation problem under LDP[1]has attracted a lot of attention in recent years,currently,to our knowledge,the existing works are all devoted to optimizing the absolute error,rather than relative error.Unlike the work for the former,the one targeting at the latter should take the true frequency distribution into consider and design true frequency distribution-sensitive data collection protocol so that the skewed distribution,which involves smaller frequency in high probability,is with less noise.However,it is challenging to fulfill such a requirement,since the true frequency distribution is private information and not available.

磁有序CoH_(2)SeO_(4)薄片中的室温铁电性

本文通过第一性原理计算和实验表征证明了二维CoH_(2)SeO_(4)薄膜的磁有序和滑移铁电性.首先,实验结果证实了粉末CoH_(2)SeO_(4)样品的反铁磁序.同时,第一性原理计算表明单层CoH_(2)SeO_(4)具有反铁磁(AFM-I)基态(TN≈75 K),且预测了二维CoH_(2)SeO_(4)薄膜具有以不对称的三重势阱态为特征的滑移铁电性,并在实验中测得了180°压电滞回线、可反转铁电畴和二次谐波信号.此外,在基于二维CoH_(2)SeO_(4)薄膜的电容器中获得铁电材料所特有的电滞回线和蝴蝶状的电容曲线.介电温谱测试表明二维CoH_(2)SeO_(4)薄膜的铁电转变温度约为370 K.CoH_(2)SeO_(4)中滑移铁电性和反铁磁性的出现为获得低维多铁材料指出了一条新的途径.

Remarkable plasticity and softness of polymorphic InSe van der Waals crystals

Indium selenide(InSe)crystals are reported to show exceptional plasticity,a new property to twodimensional van der Waals(2D vdW)semiconductors.However,the correlation between plasticity and specific prototypes is unclear,and the understanding of detailed plastic deformation mechanisms is inadequate.Here three prototypes of InSe are predicted to be plastically deformable by calculation,and the plasticity of polymorphic crystals is verified by experiment.Moreover,distinct nanoindentation behaviors are seen on the cleavage and cross-section surfaces.The modulus and hardness of InSe are the lowest ones among a large variety of materials.The plastic deformation is further perceived from chemical interactions during the slip process.Particularly for the cross-layer slip,the initial In-Se bonds break while new In-In and Se-Se bonds are newly formed,maintaining a decent interaction strength.The remarkable plasticity and softness alongside the novel physical properties,endow InSe great promise for application in deformable and flexible electronics.

Zircon U-Pb Geochronology of Baoyintu Group in the Northwestern Margin of the North China Craton and Its Geological Significance

The Baoyintu uplift is located at the northwestern margin of the North China Craton(NCC). The affiliation and evolution history of the uplift have been unresolved until now. Here we present LA-ICP-MS and SHRIMP U-Pb data for zircons extracted from samples of monzogranitic orthogneiss and the Baoyintu Group in the uplift. The 1 679 ± 13 Ma date for the orthogneiss demonstrates that Late Palaeoproterozoic rocks do exist in the uplift. The ca. 1 413 Ma minimum age of detrital zircons in metasedimentary rocks shows that the maximum age of the Baoyintu Group is Mesoproterozoic. The age distribution of detrital zircons in the first unit of the Group form clusters at ca. 2 680, 2 450, 1 800 and 1 560 Ma, which partly correspond to tectonic-magmatic-metamorphic events previously recognised in the NCC, and show that the metasedimentary rocks are largely sourced from different parts of the NCC. These confirm that the Baoyintu uplift is part of the NCC. Amphibolite with a dolerite protolith from the third unit of Baoyintu Group shows evidence for metamorphism during ca. 877–851 Ma. This combined with published geochronological data indicate the presence of Neoproterozoic magmatic and metamorphic events in the NCC, which significantly increases our understanding of the Proterozoic tectonic evolution of the region and its possible correlation with the Rodinian Supercontinent.

Insights into the changes of amino acids,microbial community,and enzymatic activities related with the nutrient quality of product during the composting of food waste

This study systematically investigated the changes of amino acids as the composting process of food waste proceeded.It is found that the addition of 0.3 g/g total solids of food waste achieved the highest seed germination index of the product(268%).The microbial community results indicated that the abundance of amino acid metabolism sequences remained at high levels during the whole composting process.Proline was identified as the key amino acid related with the nutrient quality of product during the composting of food waste.Further plant germination and hydroponic experiments found,that compared with those without the addition of proline,the addition of 50 mg/L proline increased seed germination rate by 20%,increased shoot length by 3%,increased root biomass of seedlings by 82%,and increased leaf biomass of seedlings by 76%,respectively.Firmicutes,γ-Pseudomonadota,Chloroflexi and Planctomycetes were the key identified bacteria related with the increase of proline during the composting of food waste.Meanwhile,the enzymatic tests of the activities of superoxide dismutase,peroxidase and malondialdehyde indicated that proline did not cause oxidative damage on the growth of plants.This study provided novel insights into the changes of amino acids,microbial community,and enzymatic activities related with the nutrient quality of product during the composting of food waste.

基于景观的遗产研究与实践

作为一种关于文化实践的现代概念,“遗产”体现着不同民族国家对于特定价值的理解与建构方式。随着“文化景观”概念的提出与发展,遗产与景观的关联极大扩展了人们对于遗产价值的认知方式,文化景观也成为相关研究与实践中的一种特定遗产类型。历史性城市景观的整体性视角使相关实践尝试从景观载体的角度解读遗产的价值内涵,并将遗产资源纳入城市发展的整体规划框架。在多元化视角下,对遗产与景观的关联性的强调推动了对基于景观的遗产研究与实践的学术体系构建。在未来,数字化时代遗产景观研究拥有巨大的价值和潜力,同时也需解决相应的基本技术问题。

Flow characteristic of polymer solutions in porous media:Influence of the molecular weight and concentration

The polymer solution flow in porous media is a central research topic related to hydraulic fracturing measures,formation damage and fracture propagation.Influenced by molecular weights and concentrations,various flow patterns of polymer in pores are presented,resulting in different filtration loss.In this work,the effectiveness of various polymer solutions for filtration loss was assessed by utilizing the core flooding experiment firstly.The result shows that lesser filtration loss normally is inextricably linked to solutions with high molecular weight and concentration.Subsequently,the flow behaviors of polymer solutions investigated by designed micro pore-throat structure and micro-particle image velocimetry(m-PIV)further confirmed the above result.It was found that the central convergent flow pattern benefiting from higher viscous force loss and less filtration loss was observed at high flow rates(0.5 mL/h),and higher molecular weight and concentration were more prone to convergent flow patterns.The viscosity force loss increases by about 4 times varying the molecular weight of polymer from 5×10^(6)to 18×10^(6)g/mol or the concentration from 0.05 to 0.3%.It interprets higher molecular weight and concentration in core studies and field observations with decreased filtration loss of HPAM.This work provides a theoretical foundation for the application of fracturing fluids as well as fresh perspectives on how to access the filtration loss of fracturing fluids.

Semi-supervised Counting of Grape Berries in the Field Based on Density Mutual Exclusion

Automated counting of grape berries has become one of the most important tasks in grape yield prediction.However,dense distribution of berries and the severe occlusion between berries bring great challenges to counting algorithm based on deep learning.The collection of data required for model training is also a tedious and expensive work.To address these issues and cost-effectively count grape berries,a semi-supervised counting of grape berries in the field based on density mutual exclusion(CDMENet)is proposed.The algorithm uses VGG16 as the backbone to extract image features.Auxiliary tasks based on density mutual exclusion are introduced.The tasks exploit the spatial distribution pattern of grape berries in density levels to make full use of unlabeled data.In addition,a density difference loss is designed.The feature representation is enhanced by amplifying the difference of features between different density levels.The experimental results on the field grape berry dataset show that CDMENet achieves less counting errors.Compared with the state of the arts,coefficient of determination(R^(2))is improved by 6.10%,and mean absolute error and root mean square error are reduced by 49.36%and 54.08%,respectively.The code is available at.