Displacement damage effects in MoS_(2)-based electronics

Owing to the unique characteristics of ultra-thin body and nanoscale sensitivity volume,MoS_(2)-based field-effect tran-sistors(FETs)are regarded as optimal components for radiation-hardened integrated circuits(ICs),which is exponentially grow-ing demanded especially in the fields of space exploration and the nuclear industry.Many researches on MoS_(2)-based radiation tolerance electronics focused on the total ionizing dose(TID)effect,while few works concerned the displacement damage(DD)effects,which is more challenging to measure and more crucial for practical applications.We first conducted measurements to assess the DD effects of MoS_(2) FETs,and then presented the stopping and ranges of ions in matter(SRIM)simulation to analysis the DD degradation mechanism in MoS_(2) electronics.The monolayer MoS_(2)-based FETs exhibit DD radiation tolerance up to 1.56×1013 MeV/g,which is at least two order of magnitude than that in conventional radiation hardened ICs.The exceptional DD radiation tolerance will significantly enhance the deployment of MoS_(2) integrated circuits in environments characterized by high-energy solar and cosmic radiation exposure.

Additive manufactured osseointegrated screws with hierarchical design

Bone screws are devices used to fix implants or bones to bones.However,conventional screws are mechanically fixed with thread and often face long-term failure due to poor osseointegration.To improve osseointegration,screws are evolving from solid and smooth to porous and rough.Additive manufacturing(AM)offers a high degree of manufacturing freedom,enabling the preparation of predesigned screws that are porous and rough.This paper provides an overview of the problems currently faced by bone screws:long-term loosening and screw breakage.Next,advances in osseointegrated screws are summarized hierarchically(sub-micro,micro,and macro).At the sub-microscale level,we describe surface-modification techniques for enhancing osseointegration.At the micro level,we summarize the micro-design parameters that affect the mechanical and biological properties of porous osseointegrated screws,including porosity,pore size,and pore shape.In addition,we highlight three promising pore shapes:triply periodic minimal surface,auxetic structure with negative Poisson ratio,and the Voronoi structure.At the macro level,we outline the strategies of graded design,gradient design,and topology optimization design to improve the mechanical strength of porous osseointegrated screws.Simultaneously,this paper outlines advances in AM technology for enhancing the mechanical properties of porous osseointegrated screws.AM osseointegrated screws with hierarchical design are expected to provide excellent long-term fixation and the required mechanical strength.

Additive manufacture d trab ecular-like Ti-6Al-4V scaffolds for promoting bone regeneration

The Voronoi-tessellation method is a promising technique for porous implant design as it mimics the irregular structure of bone trabeculae very well.However,the optimal pore size distribution of Voronoibased trabecular-like scaffolds(VBTSs)remains unknown.In this study,three VBTSs with different pore size distributions were fabricated by Electron-beam melting(EBM),with a regular cubic scaffold as a control.Compression experiments showed that the elastic modulus of all the fabricated scaffolds was within the range of human bone.The biocompatibility of the porous scaffolds was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8,live/dead staining,phalloidin staining,and scanning electron microscope.The effects of scaffolds on osteogenic differentiation were evaluated by alkaline phosphatase(ALP)assay,Alizarin Red S(ARS)assay,and Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR).In vivo experiments were performed to evaluate the performance of bone regeneration in the scaffolds.The results showed that all scaffolds were nontoxic with good biosafety,and VBTSs were more conducive to promoting cell proliferation,osteogenic differentiation,and bone regeneration within the scaffolds.Among the 596–1044μm range,the VBTS with an average pore size of 596μm performed best.This study showed that bone regeneration could be regulated by controlling the porous structure and provided a reference for applying VBTSs in bone implants.

Microvascular endothelial cells derived from spinal cord promote spinal cord injury repair

Neural regeneration after spinal cord injury (SCI) closely relates to the microvascular endothelial cell (MEC)- mediated neurovascular unit formation. However, the effects of central nerve system-derived MECs on neovascularization and neurogenesis, and potential signaling involved therein, are unclear. Here, we established a primary spinal cord-derived MECs (SCMECs) isolation with high cell yield and purity to describe the differences with brain-derived MECs (BMECs) and their therapeutic effects on SCI. Transcriptomics and proteomics revealed differentially expressed genes and proteins in SCMECs were involved in angiogenesis, immunity, metabolism, and cell adhesion molecular signaling was the only signaling pathway enriched of top 10 in differentially expressed genes and proteins KEGG analysis. SCMECs and BMECs could be induced angiogenesis by different stiffness stimulation of PEG hydrogels with elastic modulus 50-1650 Pa for SCMECs and 50-300 Pa for BMECs, respectively. Moreover, SCMECs and BMECs promoted spinal cord or brain-derived NSC (SNSC/BNSC) proliferation, migration, and differentiation at different levels. At certain dose, SCMECs in combination with the NeuroRegen scaffold, showed higher effectiveness in the promotion of vascular reconstruction. The potential underlying mechanism of this phenomenon may through VEGF/AKT/eNOS- signaling pathway, and consequently accelerated neuronal regeneration and functional recovery of SCI rats compared to BMECs. Our findings suggested a promising role of SCMECs in restoring vascularization and neural regeneration.

无线通信“N+1维”内生抗干扰理论与技术

The existing theory and techniques of wireless communication anti-jamming have reached their performance limit recently.With this focus,by leveraging the inherent characteristics of wireless communication and referring to the principle of cyberspace endogenous security,this paper investigates the core issues of endogenous security in the electromagnetic space,namely,endogenous anti-jamming(EAJ),which can defend against unknown electromagnetic attacks effectively.Specifically,the subspace method is first adopted to establish the unified framework for the conventional spread-spectrum,intelligent,and endogenous antijamming,in which both the intrinsic development law of each technique and the internal logic between them are revealed.Then,the fundamental concept,key techniques,and development suggestions of wireless communication“N+1 dimensionality”endogenous anti-jamming are proposed to seek a disruptive breakthrough.