Synergistic interphase modification with dual electrolyte additives to boost cycle stability of high nickel cathode for all-climate battery

B-containing electrolyte additives are widely used to enhance the cycle performance at low temperature and the rate capability of lithium-ion batteries by constructing an efficient cathode electrolyte interphase(CEI)to facilitate the rapid Li+migration.Nevertheless,its wide-temperature application has been limited by the instability of B-derived CEI layer at high temperature.Herein,dual electrolyte additives,consisting of lithium tetraborate(Li_(2)TB)and 2,4-difluorobiphenyl(FBP),are proposed to boost the widetemperature performances of LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2)(NCM)cathode.Theoretical calculation and electrochemical performances analyses indicate that Li_(2)TB and FBP undergo successive decomposition to form a unique dual-layer CEI.FBP acts as a synergistic filming additive to Li_(2)TB,enhancing the hightemperature performance of NCM cathode while preserving the excellent low-temperature cycle stability and the superior rate capability conferred by Li_(2)TB additive.Therefore,the capacity retention of NCM‖Li cells using optimal FBP-Li_(2)TB dual electrolyte additives increases to 100%after 200 cycles at-10℃,99%after 200 cycles at 25℃,and 83%after 100 cycles at 55℃,respectively,much superior to that of base electrolyte(63%/69%/45%).More surprisingly,galvanostatic c ha rge/discharge experiments at different temperatures reveal that NCM‖Li cells using FBP-Li_(2)TB additives can operate at temperatures ranging from-40℃to 60℃.This synergistic interphase modification utilizing dual electrolyte additives to construct a unique dual-layer CEI adaptive to a wide temperature range,provides valuable insights to the practical applications of NCM cathodes for all-climate batteries.

Effects of Self-purification of River Water on Laundry Wastewater

[Objective] This study was conducted to investigate the effect of laundry wastewater on the quality of river water and the dilution purification effect of river water on laundry wastewater. [Method] The effects of laundry wastewater on the contents of total nitrogen(TN), total phosphorus(TP), suspended solids(SS), chemical oxygen demand(COD) and linear alkylbenzene sulfonic acid(LAS) were studied in 7 rivers of Shaoxing City. [Result](1) The contents of TN, TP, SS, COD and LAS increased by 92%, 99%, 340%, 351% and 923%, respectively, at the discharging moment of laundry wastewater; and(2) the five pollutional indexes significantly decreased over time, and especially 2 h after the discharge of laundry wastewater, compared with former the discharge of laundry wastewater, the contents of TN, TP, COD and LAS increased by 6%, 11%, 9% and13%, respectively,while the contents of SS still increased by 76%, i.e., SS required a longer time to achieve self-purification. [Conclusion] Laundry wastewater has some influence on thequality of river water, and the self-purification function of river water could effectively remove pollutants.

全国细菌耐药监测网实践培训基地教学质量评价体系的建立与实践

目的为科学、合理、全面、客观、有效地评价和持续改进全国细菌耐药监测网(CARSS)实践培训基地教学效果,为提升实践培训基地教学质量提供依据,构建CARSS实践培训基地教学质量评价体系。方法本研究围绕“一个核心,两个阶段,三个主体,多个维度”的原则,通过确定CARSS实践培训基地教学效果评价的目标、内容以及各指标占比,构建CARSS实践培训基地教学效果短期及长期的评价指标体系,确定教学效果评价体系的实施与反馈方式。结果该教学质量评价体系以评估学员能力提升为主体,短期评价以理论知识及实践操作的掌握情况作为评价标准;长期评价以上报数据质量提升,培训成果可视化作为评价标准及相应指标。评价体系设计合理、客观、可操作性强,具有很好的推广度。通过对13家CARSS实践培训基地的评估实践,结果显示无论是在教学管理、教学条件、教学成效以及特色创新方面,各基地都彰显出优质的教学成果。该体系能较客观反映基地教学质量,可作为前瞻性教学质量评价的研究支撑。结论该评价体系能科学、合理、全面、客观地评价反馈各培训基地的教学质量,为教学质量的持续改进,进一步搭建优质的CARSS实践培训教学平台提供依据。