Avirulence effectors(Avrs),encoded by plant pathogens,can be recognized by plants harboring the corresponding resistance proteins,thereby initiating effector-triggered immunity(ETI).In susceptible plants,however,Avrs ...Avirulence effectors(Avrs),encoded by plant pathogens,can be recognized by plants harboring the corresponding resistance proteins,thereby initiating effector-triggered immunity(ETI).In susceptible plants,however,Avrs can function as effectors,facilitating infection via effector-triggered susceptibility(ETS).Mechanisms of Avr-mediated ETS remain largely unexplored.Here we report that the Magnaporthe oryzae effector Avr-PikD enters rice cells via the canonical cytoplasmic secretion pathway and suppresses rice basal defense.Avr-PikD interacts with an LSD1-like transcriptional activator AKIP30 of rice,and AKIP30 is also a positive regulator of rice immunity,whereas Avr-PikD impedes its nuclear localization and suppresses its transcriptional activity.In summary,M.oryzae delivers Avr-PikD into rice cells to facilitate ETS by inhibiting AKIP30-mediated transcriptional regulation of immune response against M.oryzae.展开更多
The increased proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells （VSMCs） are key events in the development of atherosclerotic lesions. Baicalin, an herb-derived flavonoid compound, has been previously shown...The increased proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells （VSMCs） are key events in the development of atherosclerotic lesions. Baicalin, an herb-derived flavonoid compound, has been previously shown to induce apoptosis and growth inhibition in cancer cells through multiple pathways. However, the potential role of baicalin in regulation of VSMC proliferation and prevention of cardiovascular diseases remains unexplored. In this study, we show that pretreatment with baicalin has a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on PDGF-BB-stimulated VSMC pro- liferation, accompanied with the reduction of proliferating cell nuclear antigen （PCNA） expression. We also show that baicalin-induced growth inhibition is associated with a decrease in cyclin E-CDK2 activation and increase in p27 level in PDGF-stimulated VSMCs, which appears to be at least partly mediated by blockade of PDGF recep- tor [~ （PDGFR~）-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 （ERK1/2） signaling. In addition, baicalin was also found to inhibit adhesion molecule expression and cell migration induced by PDGF-BB in VSMCs. Furthermore, using an animal carotid arterial balloon-injury model, we found that baicalin significantly inhibited neointimal hyperplasia. Taken together, our results reveal a novel function of baicalin in inducing growth arrest of PDGF-stimulated VSMCs and suppressing neointimal hyperplasia after balloon injury, and suggest that the underlying mechanism involves the inhibition of cyclin E-CDK2 activation and the increase in p27 accumulation via blockade of the PDGFR^-ERK1/2 signaling cascade.展开更多
Lianhua Qingwen capsule/granule is an innovative Chinese medicine developed under the guidance of the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)collateral disease theory.It has the effect of“clearing heat and removing toxin,v...Lianhua Qingwen capsule/granule is an innovative Chinese medicine developed under the guidance of the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)collateral disease theory.It has the effect of“clearing heat and removing toxin,ventilating the lungs and discharging heat”.In 2003,it was approved as a new drug by the China National Medical Products Administration,through expedited approval during severe acute respiratory syndrome,and now,it has become a representative proprietary Chinese medicine for the treatment of infectious diseases of the respiratory system.Pharmacodynamic studies have revealed that Lianhua Qingwen has broad-spectrum antiviral,antibacterial and anti-inflammatory,antipyretic,coughrelieving,and immunoregulation effects.Clinically it has been used in the treatment of communicable and infectious respiratory diseases such as Coronavirus Disease 2019,influenza,colds,pulmonary infections,etc.and has achieved remarkable curative effects,showing the important clinical guidance of the TCM collateral disease theory.展开更多
According to the self-discipline of traditional Chinese medicine,vessel-collateral theory was constructed systematically,which was important to improving prevention and treatment level of vasculopathy.The hypothesis o...According to the self-discipline of traditional Chinese medicine,vessel-collateral theory was constructed systematically,which was important to improving prevention and treatment level of vasculopathy.The hypothesis of“homeostasis(Cheng),compensatory auto-adaptation(Zhi),regulation(Tiao)and equilibrium(Ping)”based on the“qi–yin-yang–five elements”coupled with the ying(nutrients)-wei(defense)theory,has become the core content of the vessel-collateral theory.Clinical and laboratory trials have been developed to further confirm the scientific connotations of the hypothesis,such as Tong Xin Luo capsule,as the representative drugs of vessel collateral theory,showed good efficacy in protecting the vascular endothelium,stabilizing the vulnerable plaque and reducing the blood vessel spasm.“Sou,ti,shu,tong”was the characteristics of Tong Xin Luo capsule in treating“microvascular damage”as the core mechanism of acute myocardial infarction,cerebral infarction and microvascular complications of diabetes.Shen Song Yang Xin capsules in the treatment of arrhythmia have made integrated adjustment advantage.Qi Li Qiang Xin capsules have been made treating both manifestation and root cause of chronic heart failure.These research have improved prevention and treatment level of major vascular system diseases.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31401692,31901960,32272513,32001976)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2019J01766,2023J011418,2020J05177)+3 种基金Fujian Provincial Science and Technology Key Project(2022NZ030014)External Cooperation Program of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences(DWHZ-2024-23)State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crop Opening Project(SKL2019005)Project of Fujian Provincial Department of Education(JAT190627)。
文摘Avirulence effectors(Avrs),encoded by plant pathogens,can be recognized by plants harboring the corresponding resistance proteins,thereby initiating effector-triggered immunity(ETI).In susceptible plants,however,Avrs can function as effectors,facilitating infection via effector-triggered susceptibility(ETS).Mechanisms of Avr-mediated ETS remain largely unexplored.Here we report that the Magnaporthe oryzae effector Avr-PikD enters rice cells via the canonical cytoplasmic secretion pathway and suppresses rice basal defense.Avr-PikD interacts with an LSD1-like transcriptional activator AKIP30 of rice,and AKIP30 is also a positive regulator of rice immunity,whereas Avr-PikD impedes its nuclear localization and suppresses its transcriptional activity.In summary,M.oryzae delivers Avr-PikD into rice cells to facilitate ETS by inhibiting AKIP30-mediated transcriptional regulation of immune response against M.oryzae.
基金We are grateful to Dr Guan KL （Moore＇s Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA） for the gift of pCMV-MEKca. This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （30770787 and 90919035）, the National Basic Research Program of China （2005CB523301）, and the International Cooperation in Science and Technology Projects （2006DFB32460） and the Hebei Province Natural Science Foundation （C2007000831）.
文摘The increased proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells （VSMCs） are key events in the development of atherosclerotic lesions. Baicalin, an herb-derived flavonoid compound, has been previously shown to induce apoptosis and growth inhibition in cancer cells through multiple pathways. However, the potential role of baicalin in regulation of VSMC proliferation and prevention of cardiovascular diseases remains unexplored. In this study, we show that pretreatment with baicalin has a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on PDGF-BB-stimulated VSMC pro- liferation, accompanied with the reduction of proliferating cell nuclear antigen （PCNA） expression. We also show that baicalin-induced growth inhibition is associated with a decrease in cyclin E-CDK2 activation and increase in p27 level in PDGF-stimulated VSMCs, which appears to be at least partly mediated by blockade of PDGF recep- tor [~ （PDGFR~）-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 （ERK1/2） signaling. In addition, baicalin was also found to inhibit adhesion molecule expression and cell migration induced by PDGF-BB in VSMCs. Furthermore, using an animal carotid arterial balloon-injury model, we found that baicalin significantly inhibited neointimal hyperplasia. Taken together, our results reveal a novel function of baicalin in inducing growth arrest of PDGF-stimulated VSMCs and suppressing neointimal hyperplasia after balloon injury, and suggest that the underlying mechanism involves the inhibition of cyclin E-CDK2 activation and the increase in p27 accumulation via blockade of the PDGFR^-ERK1/2 signaling cascade.
基金This study was supported by special major project for technologies of innovative manufacturing of major new drugs(2018ZX09737002)。
文摘Lianhua Qingwen capsule/granule is an innovative Chinese medicine developed under the guidance of the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)collateral disease theory.It has the effect of“clearing heat and removing toxin,ventilating the lungs and discharging heat”.In 2003,it was approved as a new drug by the China National Medical Products Administration,through expedited approval during severe acute respiratory syndrome,and now,it has become a representative proprietary Chinese medicine for the treatment of infectious diseases of the respiratory system.Pharmacodynamic studies have revealed that Lianhua Qingwen has broad-spectrum antiviral,antibacterial and anti-inflammatory,antipyretic,coughrelieving,and immunoregulation effects.Clinically it has been used in the treatment of communicable and infectious respiratory diseases such as Coronavirus Disease 2019,influenza,colds,pulmonary infections,etc.and has achieved remarkable curative effects,showing the important clinical guidance of the TCM collateral disease theory.
基金supported by National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2005CB523301)Major Creation of New Drugs during the 11th Five-Year Plan Period(No.2009ZX09313-003).
文摘According to the self-discipline of traditional Chinese medicine,vessel-collateral theory was constructed systematically,which was important to improving prevention and treatment level of vasculopathy.The hypothesis of“homeostasis(Cheng),compensatory auto-adaptation(Zhi),regulation(Tiao)and equilibrium(Ping)”based on the“qi–yin-yang–five elements”coupled with the ying(nutrients)-wei(defense)theory,has become the core content of the vessel-collateral theory.Clinical and laboratory trials have been developed to further confirm the scientific connotations of the hypothesis,such as Tong Xin Luo capsule,as the representative drugs of vessel collateral theory,showed good efficacy in protecting the vascular endothelium,stabilizing the vulnerable plaque and reducing the blood vessel spasm.“Sou,ti,shu,tong”was the characteristics of Tong Xin Luo capsule in treating“microvascular damage”as the core mechanism of acute myocardial infarction,cerebral infarction and microvascular complications of diabetes.Shen Song Yang Xin capsules in the treatment of arrhythmia have made integrated adjustment advantage.Qi Li Qiang Xin capsules have been made treating both manifestation and root cause of chronic heart failure.These research have improved prevention and treatment level of major vascular system diseases.
