The evolution of robotics:research and application progress of dental implant robotic systems

The use of robots to augment human capabilities and assist in work has long been an aspiration.Robotics has been developing since the 1960s when the first industrial robot was introduced.As technology has advanced,robotic-assisted surgery has shown numerous advantages,including more precision,efficiency,minimal invasiveness,and safety than is possible with conventional techniques,which are research hotspots and cutting-edge trends.This article reviewed the history of medical robot development and seminal research papers about current research progress.Taking the autonomous dental implant robotic system as an example,the advantages and prospects of medical robotic systems would be discussed which would provide a reference for future research.

Fully automatic AI segmentation of oral surgery-related tissues based on cone beam computed tomography images

Accurate segmentation of oral surgery-related tissues from cone beam computed tomography(CBCT)images can significantly accelerate treatment planning and improve surgical accuracy.In this paper,we propose a fully automated tissue segmentation system for dental implant surgery.Specifically,we propose an image preprocessing method based on data distribution histograms,which can adaptively process CBCT images with different parameters.Based on this,we use the bone segmentation network to obtain the segmentation results of alveolar bone,teeth,and maxillary sinus.We use the tooth and mandibular regions as the ROI regions of tooth segmentation and mandibular nerve tube segmentation to achieve the corresponding tasks.The tooth segmentation results can obtain the order information of the dentition.The corresponding experimental results show that our method can achieve higher segmentation accuracy and efficiency compared to existing methods.Its average Dice scores on the tooth,alveolar bone,maxillary sinus,and mandibular canal segmentation tasks were 96.5%,95.4%,93.6%,and 94.8%,respectively.These results demonstrate that it can accelerate the development of digital dentistry.

Digital Signature Based on ISRSAC

Digital signature has recently played an increasingly important role in cyberspace security.Most of them are based on the public key cryptography.Public key cryptography is a mainstream cryptographic algorithm system that has been widely used in cyberspace security in recent years.The most classic public key cryptography algorithm is RSA and its difficulty is based on the large integer decomposition problem.In 2017,ISRSAC was proposed by M.Thangaval.ISRSAC has made security improvements to the RSA algorithm by increasing the complexity in factoring the value of modulus‘n’.A digital signature algorithm based on ISRSAC algorithm was completed in this paper,and furthermore,a proxy signature algorithm based on ISRSAC and two kinds of multi-signature algorithms were presented,which include sequential multi-signature and broadcasting multi-signature.

Ionomycin ameliorates hypophosphatasia via rescuing alkaline phosphatase deficiency-mediated L-type Ca^(2+) channel internalization in mesenchymal stem cells

The loss-of-function mutations in the ALPL result in hypophosphatasia(HPP), an inborn metabolic disorder that causes skeletal mineralization defects. In adults, the main clinical features are early loss of primary or secondary teeth, osteoporosis, bone pain,chondrocalcinosis, and fractures. However, guidelines for the treatment of adults with HPP are not available. Here, we show that ALPL deficiency caused a reduction in intracellular Ca2+ influx, resulting in an osteoporotic phenotype due to downregulated osteogenic differentiation and upregulated adipogenic differentiation in both human and mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs). Increasing the intracellular level of calcium in BMSCs by ionomycin treatment rescued the osteoporotic phenotype in alpl+/- mice and BMSC-specific(Prrx1-alpl-/-) conditional alpl knockout mice. Mechanistically, ALPL was found to be required for the maintenance of intracellular Ca2+ influx, which it achieves by regulating L-type Ca2+ channel trafficking via binding to the α2δsubunits to regulate the internalization of the L-type Ca2+ channel. Decreased Ca2+ flux inactivates the Akt/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway, which regulates lineage differentiation of BMSCs. This study identifies a previously unknown role of the ectoenzyme ALPL in the maintenance of calcium channel trafficking to regulate stem cell lineage differentiation and bone homeostasis. Accelerating Ca2+ flux through L-type Ca2+ channels by ionomycin treatment may be a promising therapeutic approach for adult patients with HPP.

Development Plan for Under- forest Economy of Henan Province Based on Central Plains Economic Region

Firstly,this paper analyzed current situations,major practice and existing problems of under-forest economy in Henan Province.Then,it made an in-depth discussion of guiding thought,principle and objectives,construction task and safeguarding measures of the underforest economic development plan. Besides,it analyzed benefits of the under-forest economic development plan. By 2017,the area of underforest economic land will reach 1. 60 million hm2,create output value of 155. 2 billion yuan( accounting for more than 20% of forest output value),provide 3. 27 million jobs,and will greatly increase ecological carrying capacity of construction and development of the Central Plains Economic Region( CPER).

Exosomes derived from impaired liver aggravate alveolar bone loss via shuttle of Fasn in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)exacerbates irreversible bone loss in periodontitis,but the mechanism of impaired bone regeneration caused by the abnormal metabolic process of T2DM remains unclear.Exosomes are regarded as the critical mediator in diabetic impairment of regeneration via organ or tissue communication.Here,we find that abnormally elevated exosomes derived from metabolically impaired liver in T2DM are significantly enriched in the periodontal region and induced pyroptosis of periodontal ligament cells(PDLCs).Mechanistically,fatty acid synthase(Fasn),the main differentially expressed molecule in diabetic exosomes results in ectopic fatty acid synthesis in PDLCs and activates the cleavage of gasdermin D.Depletion of liver Fasn effectively mitigates pyroptosis of PDLCs and alleviates bone loss.Our findings elucidate the mechanism of exacerbated bone loss in diabetic periodontitis and reveal the exosome-mediated organ communication in the“liver-bone”axis,which shed light on the prevention and treatment of diabetic bone disorders in the future.

A new lignan and active compounds inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway from Caulis Trachelospermi

A new dibenzylbutyrolactone lignan named matairesinol 4'-O-β-D-cellobioside(1),together with a known compound(7R,85)-dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol(2)was isolated from Caulis Trachelospermi.The extract of Caulis Trachelospermi,which was separated by 80% alcohol extraction and subsequent HP-20 macroporous resin column chromatography,and its main components trachelogenin(3),nortrachelogenin(4),matairesinol(5)showed moderate inhibiting activities on NF-κB signaling pathway induced by TNFα,with the IC_(50) values of 17.7μg/mL,17.9μM,49.4μM and 29.1μM,respectively.

加筋路堤下涵洞土压力分布规律及计算方法

基于缩尺模拟试验,通过改变涵洞两侧地基压缩模量用于模拟堤-涵差异沉降,揭示涵顶加筋作用机理,确定路堤堆载条件下涵顶土压力分布规律,并推导建立土压力计算公式。研究结果表明:同等地基模量条件下,加筋路堤下的涵顶土压力明显高于普通路堤,且随格栅层数增加,堤-涵相对位移减少;同等加筋条件下,地基压缩模量越小,堤-涵相对位移及涵顶土压力均越大;综合土拱效应与加筋作用机理,建立加筋路堤下涵顶土压力计算公式,并与模型试验结果进行可靠性验证。研究结果可为加筋路堤下涵洞结构设计提供依据。

A new flavonol glycoside from glandless cotton seeds

A new flavonol glycoside,namely quercetin 3-O-[a-D-apiofuranosyl(1–5)-b-D-apiofuranosyl(1–2)]-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1–6)-b-D-glucopyranoside(1),was isolated from glandless cotton seeds together with the known compounds quercetin 3-O-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1–2)-[a-Lrhamnopyranosyl(1–6)]-b-D-glucopyranoside(manghaslin,2),kaempferol 3-O-b-D-apiofruranosyl(1–2)-b-D-glucopyranoside(3)and kaempferol 3-O-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1–6)-b-D-glucopyranoside(4).It is interesting that the tetrasaccharide fragment of 1 contained both a b-apiosyl and an unusual a-apiosyl group.