Minimally invasive interventional therapy for pain

Pain interventional therapy,known as the most promising medical technology in the 21st century,refers to clinical treatment technology based on neuroanatomy,neuroimaging,and nerve block technology to treat pain diseases.Compared with traditional destructive surgery,interventional pain therapy is considered a better and more economical choice of treatment.In recent years,a variety of minimally invasive pain interventional therapy techniques,such as neuroregulation,spinal cord electrical stimulation,intervertebral disc ablation,and intrasheath drug infusion systems,have provided effective solutions for the treatment of patients with post-herpetic neuralgia,complex regional pain syndrome,cervical/lumbar disc herniation,and refractory cancer pain.

Hepatic transcriptome signatures in mice and humans with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Background:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is the main reason for cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.As a starting point for NAFLD,the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver(NAFL)is receiving increasing attention.Mice fed a high-fat diet(HFD)and hereditary leptin deficiency(ob/ob)mice are important NAFL animal models.However,the comparison of these mouse models with human NAFL is still unclear.Methods:In this study,HFD-fed mice and ob/ob mice were used as NAFL animal models.Liver histopathological characteristics were compared,and liver transcriptome from both mouse models was performed using RNA sequencing(RNA-seq).RNAseq data obtained from the livers of NAFL patients was downloaded from the GEO database.Global gene expression profiles in the livers were further analyzed using functional enrichment analysis and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway.Results:Our results showed that the biochemical parameters of both mouse models and human NAFL were similar.Compared with HFD-fed mice,ob/ob mice were more similar in histologic appearance to NAFL patients.The liver transcriptome characteristics partly overlapped in mice and humans.Furthermore,in the NAFL pathway,most genes showed similar trends in mice and humans,thus demonstrating that both types of mice can be used as models for basic research on NAFL,considering the differences.Conclusion:Our findings show that HFD-fed mice and ob/ob mice can mimic human NAFL partly in pathophysiological process.The comparative analysis of liver transcriptome profile in mouse models and human NAFL presented here provides insights into the molecular characteristics across these NAFL models.

AN INFORMATIC APPROACH TO A LONG MEMORY STATIONARY PROCESS

Long memory is an important phenomenon that arises sometimes in the analysis of time series or spatial data.Most of the definitions concerning the long memory of a stationary process are based on the second-order properties of the process.The mutual information between the past and future I_(p−f) of a stationary process represents the information stored in the history of the process which can be used to predict the future.We suggest that a stationary process can be referred to as long memory if its I_(p−f) is infinite.For a stationary process with finite block entropy,I_(p−f) is equal to the excess entropy,which is the summation of redundancies that relate the convergence rate of the conditional(differential)entropy to the entropy rate.Since the definitions of the I_(p−f) and the excess entropy of a stationary process require a very weak moment condition on the distribution of the process,it can be applied to processes whose distributions are without a bounded second moment.A significant property of I_(p−f) is that it is invariant under one-to-one transformation;this enables us to know the I_(p−f) of a stationary process from other processes.For a stationary Gaussian process,the long memory in the sense of mutual information is more strict than that in the sense of covariance.We demonstrate that the I_(p−f) of fractional Gaussian noise is infinite if and only if the Hurst parameter is H∈(1/2,1).

容器约束的吉普问题

研究无容器约束和容器约束的吉普问题.对无容器约束吉普问题,给出单向及往返的最优行驶策略.对容器约束吉普问题,给出单向及往返行驶策略并证明吉普有能力行至无穷远处.在容器约束下,得到吉普最优行驶策略是一个有挑战性的问题.

α-LIMIT SETS AND LYAPUNOV FUNCTION FOR MAPS WITH ONE TOPOLOGICAL ATTRACTOR

We consider the topological behaviors of continuous maps with one topological attractor on compact metric space X.This kind of map is a generalization of maps such as topologically expansive Lorenz map,unimodal map without homtervals and so on.Under the finiteness and basin conditions,we provide a leveled A-R pair decomposition for such maps,and characterize α-limit set of each point.Based on weak Morse decomposition of X,we construct a bounded Lyapunov function V(x),which gives a clear description of orbit behavior of each point in X except a meager set.

Effect of Different Drying Processes on Active Ingredients of Rheum officinale Baill.

[Objectives]To determine the drying process of different functional rhubarbs.[Methods]The contents of tannins,bianthrone,free anthraquinones and combined anthraquinones in medicinal rhubarb were determined by HPLC.The results were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance.[Results]Under different drying conditions,the contents of tannins,bianthrone,free anthraquinones and combined anthraquinones in medicinal rhubarb were significantly different.Taking the tannins content as the index,the optimum drying condition of the rhizome is 1 cm thick,dried at 60℃,the root is cut 1 cm thick,and dried at 30℃;the bianthrone content is used as an indicator,the rhizome is optimally dried.The condition is to cut 1 cm thick,dry at 60℃,the root is cut to 5 cm thick,and dried at 40℃;the free anthraquinones content is used as an index,and the optimum drying condition of the rhizome is 3 cm thick and dried at 50℃.The root is cut to a thickness of 3 cm and dried at 30℃.The combine anthraquinones content is used as an indicator.The optimum drying conditions for the rhizome are 5 cm thick,dried at 40℃,and the root is cut to 5 cm thick and dried at 70℃.[Conclusions]Different functional components of rhubarb have different directional processing methods.The drying process can reduce the drying temperature or increase the thickness of the slice,and the directional processing of the diarrhea-type rhubarb can be processed.The drying process can be carried out by increasing the drying temperature or reducing the thickness of the slice directed processing of heat-clearing and purging-fire rhubarb.

Hopf Bifurcation Analysis for a Modified Time-Delay Predator-Prey System with Harvesting

In this paper, we consider the direction and stability of time-delay induced Hopf bifurcation in a delayed predator-prey system with harvesting. We show that the positive equilibrium point is asymptotically stable in the absence of time delay, but loses its stability via the Hopf bifurcation when the time delay increases beyond a threshold. Furthermore, using the norm form and the center manifold theory, we investigate the stability and direction of the Hopf bifurcation.

Self-powered electrochemical water treatment system for pollutant degradation and bacterial inactivation based on high-efficient Co(OH)_(2)/Pt electrocatalyst

Electrochemical system with electro-Fenton reaction is an effective pathway for oxidative degradation of refractory organic pollutants for water treatment.However,the method is limited by the low catalytic efficiency and high electrical cost in practical applications.This work presents a self-powered and high-efficient electrochemical system for water treatment including pollutant degradation and bacterial inactivation,which is composed of a self-powered triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)converting mechanical energy into electrical energy,a power management circuit integrated with a supercapacitor to store the harvesting electrical energy temporarily,and an electrochemical setup integrated with two-dimentional Co(OH)_(2)/Pt nanosheet as electrocatalyst.The nanocatalyst,ultrafine Pt nanoparticles(Pt NPs)loaded on Co(OH)_(2) nanosheet(Co(OH)_(2)/Pt),is synthesized by a facile one step hydrothermal reaction without any surfactant,which can improve H_(2)O_(2)and hydroxyl radical production via redox reaction.This self-powered electrocatalytic system is able to degrade nearly 100%of organic pollutant within 100 min,and efficiently kill bacteria.This work shows great potential to develop high-efficient and self-powered electrochemical water treatment system through integrating TENG and nanocatalyst.

Nanozymes for regulation of reactive oxygen species and disease therapy

With high catalytic activity and stability,nanozymes have huge advantage in generating or eliminating the reactive oxygen species(ROS)due to their intrinsic enzyme-mimicking abilities,therefore attracting wide attention in ROS-related disease therapy.To better design nanozyme-based platforms for ROSrelated biological application,we firstly illustrate the catalytic mechanism of different activities,and then introduce different strategies for using nanozymes to augment or reduce ROS level for the applications in cancer therapy,pathogen infection,neurodegeneration,etc.Finally,the challenges and future opportunities are proposed for the development and application of nanozymes.

Oxygen vacancy-engineered BaTiO_(3)nanoparticles for synergistic cancer photothermal,photodynamic,and catalytic therapy

With the rapid development of photo-responsive nanomaterials,photo-triggered therapeutic strategies such as photothermal therapy(PTT)and photodynamic therapy(PDT)have been new alternatives to current cancer therapeutic methods.Herein,we have fabricated oxygen vacancy-engineered BaTiO_(3)(BTO-Ov)nanoparticles(NPs)for near-infrared(NIR)light-triggered PTT,PDT,and catalytic therapy cooperatively for significantly improving cancer therapy.Compared to pristine BaTiO_(3)nanoparticles,BTO-Ov has stronger NIR light absorption and narrower band gap structure,which results in superior photothermal conversion and superoxide radical generation capabilities through PTT and PDT.Meanwhile,due to the existence of Ti^(3+),BTO-Ov also exhibits peroxidase(POD)-like activity to produce hydroxyl radical under tumor environment,which can be further improved under 808 nm light irradiation.Both in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that such a multifunctional therapeutic nanoplatform can achieve a high therapeutic efficacy triggered by a single NIR light irradiation.The defect engineering strategy can be used as a general approach to fabricate multifunctional cancer therapeutic nanoplatform.

Reduce Training Error of Extreme Learning Machine by Selecting Appropriate Hidden Layer Output Matrix

Extreme learning machine(ELM)is a feedforward neural network with a single layer of hidden nodes,where the weight and the bias connecting input to hidden nodes are randomly assigned.The output weight between hidden nodes and outputs are learned by a linear model.It is interesting to ask whether the training error of ELM is significantly affected by the hidden layer output matrix H,because a positive answer will enable us obtain smaller training error from better H.For single hidden layer feedforward neural network(SLFN)with one input neuron,there is significant difference between the training errors of different Hs.We find there is a reliable strong negative rank correlation between the training errors and some singular values of the Moore-Penrose generalized inverse of H.Based on the rank correlation,a selection algorithm is proposed to choose robust appropriate H to achieve smaller training error among numerous Hs.Extensive experiments are carried out to validate the selection algorithm,including tests on real data set.The results show that it achieves better performance in validity,speed and robustness.