Numerical Simulation of Slurry Diffusion in Fractured Rocks Considering a Time-Varying Viscosity

To analyze the effects of a time-varying viscosity on the penetration length of grouting,in this study cement slur-ries with varying water-cement ratios have been investigated using the Bingham’sfluidflow equation and a dis-crete element method.Afluid-solid coupling numerical model has been introduced accordingly,and its accuracy has been validated through comparison of theoretical and numerical solutions.For different fracture forms(a single fracture,a branch fracture,and a fracture network),the influence of the time-varying viscosity on the slurry length range has been investigated,considering the change in the fracture aperture.The results show that under different fracture forms and the same grouting process conditions,the influence of the time-varying viscosity on the seepage length is 0.350 m.

基于全基因组关联分析揭示肉鸡腿病发生的遗传机制

旨在揭示肉鸡腿病发生的遗传机制以降低肉鸡腿病发生率。采用我国自主培育的“广明2号”多品系、多世代共2331只白羽肉鸡公鸡作为试验素材,于42日龄通过X光鉴定腿部健康状况,利用“京芯一号”55K SNP芯片对全部个体进行基因分型,使用plink运用二分类性状的逻辑回归模型(logistic regression model,LR Model)对腿部健康表型进行全基因组关联分析(genome-wide association study,GWAS)。将不同群体芯片数据合并进行质控后,保留2330个个体(2256只健康,74只患病)和30414个SNPs位点用于后续分析。通过GWAS分析筛选到5个潜在SNPs位点,分布在6号和18号染色体上,分别注释到与腿病相关的3个功能候选基因TBCD、SIRT 1和PBLD上。本研究为白羽肉鸡腿部健康表型提供了重要的遗传位点和候选基因,为推进肉鸡抗病育种进程提供遗传基础。

Petrogenesis and tectonic implications of the Silurian adakitic granitoids in the eastern segment of the Qilian Orogenic Belt,Northwest China

Geodynamic mechanism responsible for the generation of Silurian granitoids and the tectonic evolution of the Qilian orogenic belt remains controversial. In this study, we report the results of zircon U–Pb age, and systematic whole-rock geochemical data for the Haoquangou and Liujiaxia granitoids within the North Qilian orogenic belt and the Qilian Block, respectively, to constrain their petrogenesis, and the Silurian tectonic evolution of the Qilian orogenic belt. Zircon U–Pb ages indicate that the Haoquangou and Liujiaxia intrusions were emplaced at423 ± 3 Ma and 432 ± 4 Ma, respectively. The Haoquangou granodiorites are calc-alkaline, while the Liujiaxia granites belong to the high-K calc-alkaline series.Both are peraluminous in composition and have relatively depleted Nd isotopic [ε_(Nd)(t) =(-3.9 – + 0.6)] characteristics compared with regional basement rocks, implying their derivation from a juvenile lower crust. They show adakitic geochemical characteristics and were generated by partial melting of thickened lower continental crust. Postcollisional extensional regime related to lithospheric delamination was the most likely geodynamic mechanism for the generation of the Haoquangou granodiorite, while the Liujiaxia granites were generated in a compressive setting during continental collision between the Qaidam and Qilian blocks.

Pars plana vitrectomy for retinal detachment using perfluoro-n-octane as intraoperative tamponade:a multicenter,randomized,non-inferiority trial

AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of perfluoro-n-octane(PFO)for ophthalmic surgery versus F-Octane as an intraoperative tamponade in pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)in management of retinal detachment.METHODS:This multicenter,prospective,randomized,double-masked,parallel-controlled,non-inferiority trial was conducted in three ophthalmology clinical centers in China.Patients with retinal detachment,who were eligible for PPV were consecutively enrolled.Participants were assigned to PFO for ophthalmic surgery or F-Octane for intraocular tamponade in a 1:1 ratio.Best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),intraocular pressure(IOP)measurement,and dilated fundus examination were performed preoperatively and at 1,7±1,28±3d postoperatively.The primary outcome was complete retinal reattachment rate at postoperative day one.The non-inferiority margin was set at 9.8%.The secondary outcomes included intraoperative retinal reattachment rate,and mean changes in IOP and BCVA from baseline to 1,7±1,28±3d postoperatively,respectively.Safety analyses were presented for all randomly assigned participates in this study.RESULTS:Totally 124 eligible patients completed the study between Mar.14,2016 and Jun.7,2017.Sixty of them were randomly assigned to the PFO for ophthalmic surgery group,and 64 were assigned to the F-Octane group.Baseline characteristics were comparable between the two groups.Both groups achieved 100%retinal reattachment at postoperative day one(difference 0,95%CI:-6.21%to 5.75%,P=1).The pre-defined noninferiority criterion was met.No significant difference was observed in intraoperative retinal reattachment rate(difference 1.77%,P=0.61),mean changes in IOP(difference 0.36,-0.09,2.22 mm Hg at 1,7±1,28±3d postoperatively,with all P>0.05)and BCVA(difference 0.04,-0.02,0.06 logMAR at 1,7±1,28±3d postoperatively,all P>0.05)between the two groups.No apparent adverse events related to the utilization of PFO were reported.CONCLUSION:In patients with retinal detachment undergoing PPV,PFO for ophthalmic surgery is non-inferior to F-Octane as an intraocular tamponade,and both are safe and well-tolerated.

双通道气压止血仪的研制

在创伤救护和外科手术中,止血仪作为最常用的手术工具可以有效减少术中出血和保持清晰的手术视野,提升手术效率。针对现有止血仪气压采集精度低、操作繁琐以及工作不稳定等问题,设计并研制了一款以NUC029LAN芯片作为核心控制器的双通道气压止血仪。利用该芯片对电磁脉冲的抗干扰特性以及移动平均算法降低噪声干扰,优化了设备的抗干扰能力和测量精度。对静态压力显示误差进行检定及误差数据分析,研究结果表明,该设备的静态压力显示误差均小于5 mmHg。同时,在操作系统上进行优化,设置参数独立的双通道止血环套,使设备在操作过程中更加灵活、便捷高效。

Vitamin D deficiency and increased inflammatory factor intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 indicate severe leukoaraiosis in northern China

Background and objective:Commonly plaguing in the frigid zone of the world,vitamin D deficiency,as indicated by low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D,exacerbated inflammatory responses and impaired endothelial function.Leukoaraiosis(LA)is a prevalent cause of cognitive dysfunction in the elderly and is potentially associated with inflammatory responses.This study aimed to investigate the impact of vitamin D on the severity of LA.Methods:Patients with LA were categorized based on 3.0 T brain MRI findings into mild(N=43),moderate(N=40),or severe groups(N=29)using the Fazekas scale(scoring 1-6).A control group consisting of 41 healthy individuals was included.Serum fibrinogen C,homocysteine,plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D,and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1)levels were measured using ELISA.Results:All LA severity groups exhibited lower plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels compared to the control group,with a more pronounced decrease observed as LA severity increased.Low plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D was identified as an independent risk factor for LA(P<0.05)according to Multiple logistic regression analysis.Additionally,a negative association was observed between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and vascular inflammatory factor ICAM-1.Conclusions:Disease severity positively correlated with levels of the inflammatory marker ICAM-1,worsening as plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration decreased.Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D emerged as an independent risk factor for LA,potentially exacerbating the inflammatory response.These findings suggest 25-hydroxyvitamin D supplementation as a potential therapeutic approach for LA.

不同异嗜性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值雏鸡对鼠伤寒沙门菌免疫应答反应差异

研究旨在观察不同异嗜性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(Heterophil/lymphocyte,H/L)雏鸡对鼠伤寒沙门菌免疫应答反应的差异,挖掘最佳抗病能力的H/L值。京星黄鸡根据表型选择8个世代,每个世代的公母比例为1:3,后代按H/L比值分为高H/L组、中H/L组和低H/L组,于7日龄口服鼠伤寒沙门菌,感染后3、7、12、26 d进行死亡率、H/L值、组织载菌量和血清介质指标的检测。结果显示:感染沙门菌后,低H/L组的死亡率(10.00%)低于中H/L组(13.30%)和高H/L组(31.11%);低H/L组肝脏组织载菌量在3、7 d显著低于高H/L组(P<0.05),12 d时差异不显著(P>0.05)。低H/L组血清白细胞介素6(IL-6)的浓度在3和7 d显著高于高H/L组(P<0.05),低H/L组血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白三烯B4(LTB-4)的浓度在3 d显著高于高H/L组(P<0.05)。表明具有低H/L值的雏鸡对鼠伤寒沙门菌感染的免疫应答反应更强,有更好的沙门菌抗性。

香蕉枯萎病致病菌尖孢镰刀菌4号生理小种micro-like RNA及其靶标基因的鉴定

香蕉枯萎病已严重威胁香蕉产业的发展,为了分析香蕉枯萎病菌尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型4号生理小种(Fusarium oxysporum F. sp. cubense race 4,Foc4)中mi RNA-like(mil RNA)及其调控功能,本研究构建了3个Foc4菌丝小RNA测序文库,测序得到原始数据11783990条,其中可用于后续mil RNA鉴定的有效数据3351578条,通过与mi Rbase中植物mi RNA和已报道的真菌mil RNA进行比对,共预测出7个保守的和3个新型的mil RNA。进而利用降解组测序预测mil RNA靶基因,共预测出53对mil RNA-m RNA。通过对靶基因进行GO和KEGG富集分析,发现mil RNA与多个代谢通路有关,包括嘌呤代谢,甘油磷脂代谢,硫胺素代谢和三羧酸循环通路等,对真菌生长发育有重要影响;同时发现mil RNA靶向ABC转运器CDR4和孢子壁成熟蛋白DIT1,可能对Foc4致病过程具有重要影响。本研究在高通量测序获得mil RNA的基础上,首次在香蕉枯萎病致病菌Foc4中利用降解组测序分析了mil RNA靶基因,对研究真菌mil RNA调控提供了重要参考,也为香蕉枯萎病的防治提供了新的思路。

利用X光检测白羽肉鸡腿部健康表型分类及遗传力估计

研究旨在通过X光检测获得白羽肉鸡腿部骨骼形态影像,建立白羽肉鸡腿部健康的表型分类和评价指标,为精准选育提供智能测定方法。试验以自主选育的2651只快大型白羽肉鸡为素材,采用X光不同影像从40日龄开始评判腿部健康状况依此确定正常和患病个体,并比较其40日龄体重、28~40日龄增重和饲料转化率(FCR)的差异。采用广义线性模型估计腿部健康性状遗传力。结果显示,X光影像可清楚呈现鸡的腿部骨骼特征,可分为健康、腿骨畸形、腿骨断裂、关节积液四大表型类型。患病个体与健康个体相比,体重降低、FCR增高,达到极显著差异水平(P<0.01),且Micro-CT显示骨骼的骨量降低。通过两个世代的连续分析,腿部健康性状的遗传力为0.16,属于中等偏低遗传力性状。以上结果表明,利用X光的影像可以准确判定肉鸡腿部早期发育健康状况,实现智能活体测定并有利于早期选种。

基于遗传算法的高精度事故重建与损伤分析

为提高交通事故的重建精度,对行人的颅脑损伤风险进行分析。基于3D激光扫描技术建立事故车辆多刚体模型,采用多目标遗传算法求取最优近似解,运用优化软件ISIGHT和多刚体动力学软件MADYMO建立耦合模型,精确重建人-车碰撞运动学响应,最后采用THUMS有限元假人模型对颅脑损伤风险进行预测分析。结果表明:事故车辆逆向重建效果良好,优化后的人车运动学行为与监控视频一致,假人的头部损伤部位和损伤情况与伤情报告完全吻合。

鸡木质化胸肌组织学特征及分子调控通路改变研究

旨在探究鸡木质化胸肌与正常、白条纹以及木质肉白条纹共同发生胸肌的组织形态的量化差异以及分子调控通路改变。研究以42日龄快速型白羽肉鸡终端父系为素材,根据木质肉与白条纹的表观判断标准,筛选4组胸肌组织样本,分别为正常、木质肉、白条纹和木质肉白条纹共同发生组。对61个个体肌纤维组织形态指标进行统计和分析;依据表观评分和组织学统计结果挑选正常组和木质肉组进行mRNA转录组测序。组织学检测结果表明,木质肉组肌纤维面积、肌纤维直径和肌内膜厚度显著高于其它3组(P<0.05),木质肉组的肌纤维密度显著低于白条纹组和木质肉白条纹共同发生组(P<0.05)。转录组分析筛选出木质肉组相比正常组显著上调表达差异基因1201个,无显著下调表达差异基因。通路富集发现,上调基因主要富集在与结缔组织增生相关的通路,包括间隙连接(gap junction)、黏着斑信号通路(focal adhesion)、基质受体相互作用(ECM-receptor interaction)和胶原纤维组织(collagen fibril organization)等。从富集通路中筛选与结缔组织增生等过程相关的基因进行实时荧光定量PCR验证,结果IGF 1R、ITGB2、ITGA11、FMOD等基因在木质肉和正常组间差异表达趋势与转录组测序结果一致。综上,本研究报道了木质化胸肌相比正常组织,肌内膜厚度平均增高75%以上,且很可能与结缔组织增生通路基因改变相关,其中基因ITGA 11和FMOD可作为木质化胸肌重要候选基因用于后期深入研究。

网络平台用工关系中的合同性质认定研究

关于网络平台用工的合同性质认定问题,司法实践中法院的裁判结果不尽一致,网络平台与劳务提供者之间构成何种合同关系一直是争议的热点。面对共享经济和平台用工给现有法律体制带来的挑战,传统合同关系理论并未过时,仍可在一定程度上包容网络平台用工关系。对网络平台用工合同性质的认定,应当对不同类型平台的具体模式作类型化分析,综合个案事实加以讨论。采用“信息服务模式”和“平台自营模式”的网络平台在用工形式上更贴近常规用工模式,可以通过有名合同进行调整,分别属于居间合同、劳动合同;而采用“新型共享模式”的网络平台属共享经济背景下平台用工的创新部分,兼具承揽合同与劳动合同的特点,属无名合同中的混合合同,应基于具体情境进行义务属性的区分以适用相应的合同规则。

玉米醒酒肽构效关系及机理研究进展

玉米醒酒肽是玉米黄粉蛋白水解后得到的一种低聚寡肽。在大量的体外、动物和人体试验中,玉米醒酒肽可以有效调节参与酒精代谢的相关酶活性以及改善机体摄入酒精后的各类生理反应,发挥显著的醒酒活性。具有醒酒活性的玉米肽在一级结构上体现明显的共性,具有相似的氨基酸组成序列,其醒酒机理也已经被广泛研究和证实。本文对玉米醒酒肽的活性验证试验、结构特征及醒酒机理进行综述,旨在为进一步开展玉米及其他来源醒酒肽的研究提供借鉴。

人口信息人像比对系统评测方法研究与实践

由于受技术发展和资金投入等多方面因素的制约,人口管理工作中存在的一些重大问题始终难以解决,如虚假身份、多重户口、一人多证、漂白身份等问题。本文对人脸图像数据库的设计和创建、人脸识别系统的指标评测两方面问题开展研究,通过完善技术手段,加强户籍管理。

Trastuzumab plus adjuvant chemotherapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)-positive early-stage breast cancer: A real-world retrospective study in Chinese patients

Objective: To assess the long-term effectiveness and safety of trastuzumab in adjuvant therapy for Chinese patients with early-stage human epidermal growth factor 2(HER2)-positive breast cancer in a real-world setting.Methods: This retrospective observational study analyzed the medical records of HER2-positive breast cancer patients between 2000 and 2012 at the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy alone or adjuvant chemotherapy followed by/combined with trastuzumab were included. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate disease-free survival(DFS) and overall survival(OS). Hazard ratios(HR) and 95% confidence intervals(95% CI) were calculated using the Cox regression model.Results: Of the 1,348 patients analyzed, 909 received chemotherapy alone and 439 received chemotherapy plus trastuzumab. The 3-year, 5-year and 10-year DFS rates were 83.70%, 76.38% and 68.94%, respectively, in the chemotherapy-alone cohort, and 90.21%, 86.19% and 83.45% in the chemotherapy plus trastuzumab cohort. The3-year, 5-year and 10-year OS rates were 96.10%, 91.40% and 81.88% in the chemotherapy-alone cohort, and98.17%, 94.91% and 90.01% in the chemotherapy plus trastuzumab cohort. The chemotherapy plus trastuzumab group had a significantly lower risk of disease recurrence and death than the chemotherapy-alone group(DFS:HR=0.50, 95% CI, 0.37-0.68;P<0.001;OS: HR=0.53, 95% CI, 0.34-0.81;P=0.004) after adjusting for covariates.In the 439 patients treated with trastuzumab, multivariate analysis suggested that lymph node positivity, higher T stages, and hormone receptor-negative status were significantly associated with higher risks of disease recurrence,and lymph node positivity and hormone receptor-negative status were significantly associated with higher risks of death. Grade 3/4 adverse events(incidence ≥1%) were more common in patients receiving trastuzumab(54.44% vs.15.73%).Conclusions: Early-stage HER2-positive breast cancer patients treated with trastuzumab plus adjuvant chemotherapy have a significant survival benefit compared with chemotherapy-alone in real-world settings. Lymph node positivity, hormone receptor-negative status, and higher T stages may be associated with higher risks of recurrence, and effective therapy for patients with these factors is required.

Is the ratio of apoB/apoA-1 the best predictor for the severity of coronary artery lesions in Chinese diabetics with stable angina pectoris？ An assessment based on Gensini scores

Background There is a paucity of data about the best lipid ratio predicting the severity of coronary artery disease （CAD） in patients with diabetes mellitus. We determined the relationship between five conventional lipid ratios and the extent of coronary artery lesions in Chinese Type 2 diabetics with stable angina pectoris （SAP）. Methods A prospective cohort study within 373 type 2 diabetic patients diag- nosed with stable CAD by coronary angiography was performed. All patients were classified into three groups according to the tertiles of Gensini scores （GS, low group 〈 8 points n = 143; intermediate group 8-28 points, n = 109; high group 〉 28 points, n = 121）. Association between the ratios of apolipoprotein （apo） B and apoA-1, total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol （TC/HDL-C）, triglycerides and HDL-C （TG/HDL-C）, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and HDL-C （LDL-C/HDL-C）, Non-HDL-C/HDL-C and GS were evaluated using the receivers operating characteristic （ROC） curves and multivariate logistic regression models. Results The ratio of apoB/apoA-1, TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, and Non-HDL-C/HDL-C were correlated with Gensini scores. Area under the ROC curves for predicting high Gensini scores in the ratios of apoB/apoA-1, TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C and Non-HDL-C/HDL-C were 0.62, 0.60, 0.59 and 0.60, respec- tively （P 〈 0.005 for all）. According to multivariate logistic regression analysis after adjusted with demographic characteristic and other lipid parameters, the ratio of apoB/apoA-1 is qualified as an independent discriminator for the severity of CAD. However, after fiu-ther adjusting different baseline variables, such as left ventricular ejective fraction, hemoglobin Alc, leukocytes count and serum creatinine, none of the above lipid ratios remained. Conclusions Compared with other lipid parameters, the ratio of apoB/apoA-1 appears to be more significantly correlated with the extent of coronary artery lesions in Chinese diabetics, but it was not an independent predictor in these settings.

Hormonal therapy might be a better choice as maintenance treatment than capecitabine after response to first-line capecitabine-based combination chemotherapy for patients with hormone receptor-positive and HER2-negative,metastatic breast cancer

Background:Both hormonal therapy(HT) and maintenance capecitabine monotherapy(MCT) have been shown to extend time to progression(TTP) in patients with metastatic breast cancer(MBC) after failure of taxanes and anthracycline?containing regimens.However,no clinical trials have directly compared the efficacy of MCT and HT after response to first?line capecitabine?based combination chemotherapy(FCCT) in patients with hormone receptor(HR)?positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)?negative breast cancer.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the charts of 138 HR?positive and HER2?negative MBC patients who were in non?progression status after FCCT and who were treated between 2003 and 2012 at the Cancer Institute and Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,in Beijing,China.The median number of first?line chemotherapy cycles was 6(range,4–8);combined agents included taxanes,vinorelbine,or gemcitabine.Of these 138 patients,79 received MCT,and 59 received HT.Single?agent capecitabine was administered at a dose of 1250 mg/m2 twice daily for 14 days,followed by a 7?day rest period,repeated every 3 weeks.Of the 59 patients who received HT,37 received aromatase inhibitors(AIs),8 received selective estrogen receptor modulators(SERMs),and 14 received goserelin plus either AIs or SERMs.We then compared the MCT group and HT group in terms of treatment efficacy.Results:With a median follow?up of 43 months,patients in the HT group had a much longer TTP than patients in the MCT group(13 vs.8 months,P ease?free surviv= 0.011).When TTP was adjusted for age,menopausal status,Karnofsky performance status score,disal,site of metastasis,number of metastatic sites,and response status after FCCT,extended TTP was still observed for patients in the HT group(hazard ratio:0.63;95% confidence interval:0.44–0.93;P = 0.020).We also observed a trend of overall survival advantage for patients in the HT group vs.patients in the MCT group,but the difference was not significant(43 vs.37 months,P tients in the MCT g= 0.400).In addition,patients in the HT group gen?erally tolerated the treatment well,whereas paroup experienced grades 3–4 adverse events,the most frequent of which were hand?foot syndrome(15.8%) and hematologic abnormalities(7.6%).Conclusion:For HR?positive and HER2?negative MBC patients,HT might be considered a treatment after response to FCCT but prior to MCT as a long?term administration.

Dose-dense paclitaxel plus carboplatin vs.epirubicin and cyclophosphamide with paclitaxel as adjuvant chemotherapy for high-risk triple-negative breast cancer

Objective:The objective of this open-label,randomized study was to compare dose-dense paclitaxel plus carboplatin(PCdd)with dose-dense epirubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by paclitaxel(ECdd-P)as an adjuvant chemotherapy for early triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC).Methods:We included Chinese patients with high recurrence risk TNBC who underwent primary breast cancer surgery.They were randomly assigned to receive PCdd[paclitaxel 150 mg/m2 on d 1 and carboplatin,the area under the curve,(AUC)=3 on d 2]or ECdd-P(epirubicin 80 mg/m2 divided in 2 d and cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2 on d 1 for 4 cycles followed by paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 on d 1 for 4 cycles)every 2 weeks with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF)support.The primary endpoint was 3-year disease-free survival(DFS);the secondary endpoints were overall survival(OS)and safety.Results:The intent-to-treat population included 143 patients(70 in the PCdd arm and 73 in the ECdd-P arm).Compared with the ECdd-P arm,the PCdd arm had significantly higher 3-year DFS[93.9%vs.79.1%;hazard ratio(HR)=0.310;95%confidence interval(95%CI),0.137-0.704;log-rank,P=0.005]and OS(98.5%vs.92.9%;HR=0.142;95%CI,0.060-0.825;log-rank,P=0.028).Worse neutropenia(grade 3/4)was found in the ECdd-P than the PCdd arm(47.9%V5.21.4%,P=0.001).Conclusions:PCdd was superior to ECdd-P as an adjuvant chemotherapy for early TNBC with respect to improving the 3-year DFS and OS.PCdd also yielded lower hematological toxicity.Thus,PCdd might be a preferred regimen for early TNBC patients with a high recurrence risk.

mRNA expression and DNA methylation in three key genes involved in caste differentiation in female honeybees(Apis mellifera)

In honeybee （Apis mellifera） colonies, queens and workers are altemative forms of the adult female honeybee that develop from genetically identical zygotes but that depend on differential nourishment. Queens and workers display distinct morphologies, anatomies and behavior, better known as caste differentiation. Despite some basic insights, the exact mechanism responsible for this phenomenon, especially at the molecular level, remains unclear although some progress has been achieved. In this study, we examined mRNA levels of the TOR （target of rapamycin） and Dnmt3 （DNA methyltransferase 3） genes, closely related to caste differentiation in honeybees. We also investigated mRNA expression of the S6K （similar to RPS6-p70-protein kinase） gene linked closely to organismal growth and development in queen and worker larvae （1-day and 3-day old）. Last, we investigated the methylation status of these three genes in corresponding castes. We found no difference in mRNA expression for the three genes between 1st instar queen and worker larvae; however, 3rd instar queen larvae had a higher level of TOR mRNA than worker larvae. Methylation levels of all three genes were lower in queen larvae than worker larvae but the differences were not statistically significant. These findings provide basic data for broadening our understanding of caste differentiation in female honeybees.

芦荟胶抗炎功效研究

初步探讨芦荟胶的抗炎功效和作用机制。使用佛波酯(TPA)在雄性KM小鼠耳朵部位进行炎症造模,并制成切片进行HE染色;应用硫酸铜诱导斑马鱼胚胎侧线区域神经丘细胞损伤,研究了中性粒细胞聚集情况;采用LPS诱导RAW264.7细胞炎症模型考察芦荟胶对炎症因子分泌的抑制作用;分别使用微量肉汤稀释法和悬液定量法研究了芦荟胶对金黄色葡萄球菌、痤疮丙酸杆菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和抑菌率。结果显示,芦荟胶在1.5 g/mL时可抑制小鼠耳朵肿胀(P<0.05);芦荟胶在0.7和2.50 mg/mL时对斑马鱼胚胎中性粒细胞聚集有显著抑制(P<0.01);芦荟胶在0.75,1.50,3.00 mg/mL时可显著抑制RAW264.7细胞分泌TNF-α、IL-6(P<0.01);芦荟胶对金黄色葡萄球菌和痤疮丙酸杆菌的MIC分别是12.5和3.125 mg/mL,对金黄色葡萄球菌、痤疮丙酸杆菌的抑菌率随着芦荟胶的作用时间延长和浓度增加而升高。芦荟胶具有抗炎功效,且该功能可能通过减少中性粒细胞聚集、抑制炎症因子TNF-α和IL-6产生的抗炎通路,以及抑制金黄色葡萄球菌和痤疮丙酸杆菌的抑菌功能共同实现。