An Opposition-Based Learning-Based Search Mechanism for Flying Foxes Optimization Algorithm

The flying foxes optimization(FFO)algorithm,as a newly introduced metaheuristic algorithm,is inspired by the survival tactics of flying foxes in heat wave environments.FFO preferentially selects the best-performing individuals.This tendency will cause the newly generated solution to remain closely tied to the candidate optimal in the search area.To address this issue,the paper introduces an opposition-based learning-based search mechanism for FFO algorithm(IFFO).Firstly,this paper introduces niching techniques to improve the survival list method,which not only focuses on the adaptability of individuals but also considers the population’s crowding degree to enhance the global search capability.Secondly,an initialization strategy of opposition-based learning is used to perturb the initial population and elevate its quality.Finally,to verify the superiority of the improved search mechanism,IFFO,FFO and the cutting-edge metaheuristic algorithms are compared and analyzed using a set of test functions.The results prove that compared with other algorithms,IFFO is characterized by its rapid convergence,precise results and robust stability.

肿瘤抗血管生成治疗耐药机制

血管生成指的是通过内皮细胞的迁移、增殖和分化,从现有血管网络中形成新的血管网络的过程。这一过程对于实体肿瘤的生长和扩散至关重要,尤其是在肿瘤体积超过2 mm^(3)之后,新生的血管网络为肿瘤提供了至关重要的氧气、营养及生长因子。抗血管生成已经成为临床常用靶向治疗肿瘤的方案之一。首个抗血管生成药物贝伐单抗已广泛应用于多种实体肿瘤治疗,但由于获得性耐药现象,疗效仅能维持1~2年。即使血管内皮细胞的基因组相对稳定,不易产生耐药性,但临床实践中仍观察到多种类型的耐药现象,这表明抗血管生成治疗的耐药问题仍然是一个具有挑战性的研究领域。本文主要综述了肿瘤抗血管生成治疗耐药机制的最新进展,并探讨了抗肿瘤血管生成治疗的新前景,以期为临床实践提供有力的理论支持和指导。

Impact and mechanism of bisphosphonate depressant 1-hydroxypropane-1,1-diphosphonic acid on flotation decalcification of dolomite-rich magnesite ore

Given the depletion of high-quality magnesite deposits and the rising demand for high-end magnesium materials,the separation and utilization of high-calcium magnesite ores have become essential.However,the similar surface properties and solubility of semi-soluble salt-type minerals,pose significant challenges for the utilization of dolomite-rich magnesite resources.In this study,1-hydroxypropane-1,1-di phosphonic acid(HPDP)was identified for the first time as a high-performance depressant for dolomite.Various tests,including contact angle measurements,ζ potential analysis,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and atomic force microscopy,were conducted to elucidate the interfacial interaction mechanisms of HPDP on the surfaces of the two minerals at different scales.Additionally,molecular modeling calculations were used to detail the spatial matching relationship between HPDP and the crystal faces of the two minerals.It was emphasized that HPDP specifically adsorbed onto the dolomite surface by forming calcium phosphonate,ensuring that the dolomite surface remained hydrophilic and sank.Moreover,it was found that the adsorption strength of HPDP on the mineral surfaces depended on the activity of the metal sites and their spatial distribution.These findings provide a theoretical foundation for the molecular design of flotation reagents for high-calcium magnesite ores.

Rational design of diamond through microstructure engineering:From synthesis to applications

Diamond possesses excellent thermal conductivity and tunable bandgap.Currently,the high-pressure,high-temperature,and chemical vapor deposition methods are the most promising strategies for the commercial-scale production of synthetic diamond.Although diamond has been extensively employed in jewelry and cutting/grinding tasks,the realization of its high-end applications through microstructure engineering has long been sought.Herein,we discuss the microstructures encountered in diamond and further concentrate on cutting-edge investigations utilizing electron microscopy techniques to illuminate the transition mechanism between graphite and diamond during the synthesis and device constructions.The impacts of distinct microstructures on the electrical applications of diamond,especially the photoelectrical,electrical,and thermal properties,are elaborated.The recently reported elastic and plastic deformations revealed through in situ microscopy techniques are also summarized.Finally,the limitations,perspectives,and corresponding solutions are proposed.

Momentum distributions of symmetric(H_(2)^(+))and asymmetric(HeH^(2+))molecular ions in a circularly polarized laser field under different ionization mechanisms

By numerically solving the two-dimensional(2D)time-dependent Schrödinger equation(TDSE),we present photoelectron momentum distributions(PMDs)and photoelectron angular distributions(PADs)of symmetric(H_(2)^(+))and asymmetric(HeH^(2+))molecular ions in circularly polarized(CP)laser pulses.By adjusting the laser wavelength,two circumstances of resonance excitation and direct ionization were considered.The ionization mechanism of the resonance excitation was mainly investigated.The results show that the PMDs of H_(2)^(+) and HeH^(2+) in the y-direction gradually increase with increasing intensity,and the number of PMDs lobes is in good agreement with the results predicted by the ultrafast ionization model.In the resonance excitation scenario,the PMDs of are dominated by two-photon ionization,whereas the PMDs of HeH_(2)^(+) are dominated by three-photon ionization.Furthermore,the PMDs of HeH^(2+)are stronger in the resonance excitation scenario than those of H_(2)^(+),which can be explained by the time-dependent population of electrons.In addition,the molecular structure is clearly imprinted onto the PMDs.

Electron characteristics and dynamics in sub-millimeter pulsed atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge

The discharge characteristics and mechanism of sub-millimeter pulsed dielectric barrier discharge in atmosphericpressure helium are investigated experimentally and theoretically, demonstrating that when the discharge gap distance is reduced from 1.00 mm to 0.20 mm, the discharge ignition time is reduced to approximately 40 ns and discharge intensity is enhanced in terms of the discharge optical emission intensity and density of the plasma species,(energetic electrons with energy above 8.40 e V). The simulated results show that as the discharge gap distance is further reduced to 0.10 mm,the number of energetic electrons decreases, which is attributable to the contraction of plasma bulk regime and reduction of electron density in the discharge bulk. Conversely, the proportion of energetic electrons to the total electrons in the discharge monotonically increases as the discharge gap distance is reduced from 1.00 mm to 0.10 mm. It is proposed that a gap distance of 0.12 mm is optimal to achieve a high concentration and proportion of energetic electrons in sub-millimeter pulsed atmosphere dielectric barrier discharge.

Differential distribution of fibrovascular proliferative membranes in 25-gauge vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy

AIM:To analyze the distribution of fibrovascular proliferative membranes(FVPMs)in proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR)patients that treated with pars plana vitrectomy(PPV),and to evaluate the outcomes separately.METHODS:This was a retrospective and cross-sectional study.Consecutive 25-gauge(25-G)PPV cases operated for PDR from May 2018 to April 2020.According to the FVPMs images outlined after operations,subjects were assigned into three groups:arcade type group,juxtapapillary type group,and central type group.All patients were followed up for over one year.General characteristics,operation-related variables,postoperative parameters and complications were recorded.RESULTS:Among 103 eyes recruited,the FVPMs distribution of nasotemporal and inferiosuperioral was significantly different(both P<0.01),with 95(92.23%)FVPMs located in the nasal quadrants,and 74(71.84%)in the inferior.The eyes with a central FVPM required the longest operation time,with silicon oil used in most patients,generally combined with tractional retinal detachment(RD)and rhegmatogenous RD,the worst postoperative bestcorrected visual acuity(BCVA)and the highest rates of recurrent RD(all P<0.05).FVPM type,age of onset diabetes mellitus,preoperative BCVA,and combined with tractional RD and rhegmatogenous RD were significantly associated with BCVA improvement(all P<0.05).Compared with the central type group,the arcade type group had higher rates of BCVA improvement.CONCLUSION:FVPMs are more commonly found in the nasal and inferior mid-peripheral retina in addition to the area of arcade vessels.Performing 25-G PPV for treating PDR eyes with central FVPM have relatively worse prognosis.

综合规范治疗联合功能性内镜鼻窦手术对中、重度无息肉型慢性鼻-鼻窦炎疗效及复发率的影响

目的分析综合规范治疗联合功能性内镜鼻窦手术对中、重度无息肉型慢性鼻-鼻窦炎疗效及复发率的影响。方法选取2017年1月-2018年9月大连大学附属中山医院收治的中、重度无息肉型慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者92例,采用随机数字表法将所有患者均分为对照组(n=46)和观察组(n=46),对照组行功能性内镜鼻窦手术治疗,观察组行综合规范治疗联合功能性内镜鼻窦手术治疗。两组药物治疗方案一致。对两组临床治疗效果和复发率进行比较。结果两组患者治疗前鼻腔鼻窦结局评分和鼻内镜评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),两组治疗后6和12个月均较治疗前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且观察组均优于对照组,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组治疗前嗅觉功能比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),观察组治疗后12个月优于对照组,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组治疗满意度和复发率分别为95.65%、4.35%和86.96%、13.04%,观察组均优于对照组,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论综合规范治疗联合功能性内镜鼻窦手术治疗中、重度无息肉型慢性鼻-鼻窦炎,能够取得理想的治疗效果且复发率低,值得临床推广使用。

碳量子点的制备及其在生物巯基化合物检测中的应用——推荐一个大学化学研究型综合实验

介绍了一个综合性化学实验,实验涵盖了碳量子点的制备、表征以及利用碳量子点荧光性质检测生物巯基化合物等内容。该实验既能让学生了解碳量子点及化学生物学检测等当前科学研究的前沿热点,还能通过本实验使学生熟悉膜过滤、透析、水热合成、紫外-可见光谱仪及荧光光谱仪等相关原理及操作,对于培养学生综合素养和创新意识具有积极意义。

血栓弹力图评价急性心肌梗死患者主动脉内球囊反搏术后凝血状态的临床应用

目的通过凝血功能、血栓弹力图(TEG)、活化凝血时间(ACT)、抗Xa因子活性检测急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者使用主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)后的凝血状态,评估肝素残余情况、出血及血栓风险,寻找能更好地评估凝血状态的方法。方法选取2017年2月—11月湖南省人民医院因AMI需行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)并IABP的患者。比较手术前后血常规及凝血功能的差异性;收集并分析术后血小板(PLT)与血栓弹力图枸橼酸化高岭土激活样品肝素酶杯(CKH-TEG)的相关性;CKH-TEG的R差值(△R)与活化凝血时间(ACT)、抗Xa因子活性的相关性;以抗Xa因子活性为低分子肝素浓度标准绘制△R和ACT的诊断价值综合评估的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线。结果CKH-TEG参数中PLT与MA、凝固角呈正相关(r=0.571和0.681,均P<0.05),与K呈负相关(r=-0.783,P<0.05);△R与抗Xa因子活性呈正相关(r=0.421,P<0.05);ACT与抗Xa因子活性无关(r=0.214,P>0.05);ROC曲线分析结果显示,△R的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.814(95%CI:0.732,0.903),当△R截断值为-0.211时具有最优的诊断价值,敏感性为0.885(95%CI:0.801,0.952),特异性为0.892(95%CI:0.815,0.957);ACT的AUC为0.556(95%CI:0.474,0.638),当ACT截断值为172.99 s时具有最优的诊断价值,敏感性为0.612(95%CI:0.538,0.719),特异性为0.584(95%CI:0.507,0.673)。△R在评估肝素残留的AUC值大于ACT。结论IABP术后使用TEG较常规凝血功能凝血状态评估更优,较ACT能更好地评估低分子肝素残余量,对指导肝素类抗凝药物的使用具有临床意义。

贝伐珠单抗治疗复发胶质母细胞瘤疗效和预后分析

目的:探讨贝伐珠单抗治疗复发胶质母细胞瘤的疗效及预后因素。方法:回顾性分析2011年12月至2020年7月中山大学肿瘤防治中心接受贝伐珠单抗治疗的81例成人复发胶质母细胞瘤患者的临床资料,评价其疗效和不良反应,以总生存期为预后指标进行单因素和Cox比例风险模型多因素分析。结果:81例患者的客观有效率为62.9%,疾病控制率为80.2%,90.1%的患者生存质量状况(KPS)评分和神经症状有改善。中位无进展生存期(median progression-free survival,mPFS)和中位总生存期(median overall survival,mOS)分别为4.4个月(95%CI:4.0~4.8)和7.8个月(95%CI:6.8~8.8)。单因素分析显示用药时机(首次或≥2次复发时用药)、剂量(5 mg/kg,6~9 mg/kg,10 mg/kg)和是否联合化疗对mOS无影响,多因素分析显示KPS评分和MGMT启动子甲基化状态是影响mOS的独立预后因素。不良事件主要为1~2级。结论:贝伐珠单抗可以改善成人复发胶质母细胞瘤患者的生存质量,治疗耐受性好。KPS评分和MGMT启动子甲基化状态是影响mOS的独立预后因素,贝伐珠单抗在复发后的用药时机、剂量、是否联合化疗对mOS无影响。

Wilhelmy吊片法测定磷脂溶液的表面张力等温线

表面活性物质的表面张力等温线测定是大学物理化学实验的重要内容。随着磷脂类表面活性剂的广泛应用,有必要在大学化学中更新经典表面张力等温线测定的实验内容,并使学生掌握先进的测量方法。以二硬脂酰基磷脂酰胆碱(DSPC)和二棕榈酰基磷脂酰胆碱(DPPC)为研究对象,应用界面张力仪测定了两种溶液表面张力等温线,计算了其表面超量和分子横截面积,并设计了拓展性实验内容,对于培养学生分析问题和解决问题的能力具有积极的意义。

羧甲司坦对人气道上皮细胞炎症的影响及调控机制研究

目的通过比较羧甲司坦单用或联合布地奈德对人气道上皮细胞炎症的影响探讨其调控机制。方法MTT法检测不同浓度烟雾提取物(CSE)对细胞生存率的影响。给予不同药物抑制剂和激动剂干预后,检测炎症因子水平、ERK和IκBα蛋白,以及ERK和NF-κB mRNA的表达。结果模型组炎症因子水平、p-ERK和p-IκBα蛋白,以及ERK和NF-κB mRNA表达均增高;用药组上述指标较模型组均有所改善,但用药组之间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。羧甲司坦、PD98059干预后p-ERK蛋白及ERK、NF-κB mRNA水平均降低,而给予EGF干预后上述指标较羧甲司坦组有所回升。结论羧甲司坦的抗炎机制可能与糖皮质激素存在重叠,基础应用糖皮质激素者由于抑制了相同的信号转导通路,故再联合应用羧甲司坦时效果不佳。

Significant value of 18F-FDG-PET/CT in diagnosing small cervical lymph node metastases in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy

Background: Little is known about the nature of metaistasis to small cervical lymph nodes(SCLNS) in the patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)examined by using 18-fluoro-2-deoxy-glucose(^(18)F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography(PET/CT).The present study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic values of PET/CT in identifying metastasis in SCLNs in NPC patients.Methods: Magnetic resonance images(MRI) and PET/CT scans for 470 patients with newly diagnosed, non-distant metastatic NPC were analyzed. Metastatic rates of SCLNs were defined by the positive number of SCLNs on PET/CT scans and total number of SCLNs on MRI scans. Receiver operating characteristic curve was applied to compare PET/CT-determined stage with MRI-determined stage.Results: In total, 2082 SCLNs were identified, with 808(38.8%) ≥ 5 and < 6 mm in diameter(group A), 526(25.3%)≥ 6 and < 7 mm in diameter(group B),374(18.0%)≥ 7 and < 8 mm in diameter(group C), 237(11.4%) ≥8 and<9 mm in diameter(group D),and 137(6.5%) ≥ 9 and <10 mm in diameter(group E).The overall metastatic rates examined by using PET/CT for groups A, B,C,D, and E were 3.5%, 8.0%, 31.3%, 60.0%, and 83.9%, respectively(P< 0.001). In level IV/Vb, the metastatic rate for nodes ≥ 8 mm was 84.6%. PET/CT examination resulted in modification of N category and overall stage for 135(28.7%) and 46(9.8%) patients, respectively. The areas under curve of MRIdetermined and PET/CT-determined overall stage were 0.659 and 0.704 for predicting overall survival, 0.661 and 0.711 for predicting distant metastasis-free survival, and 0.636 and 0.663 for predicting disease-free survival.Conclusions: PET/CT was more effective than MRI in identifying metastatic SCLNs, and the radiologic diagnostic criteria for metastatic lymph nodes in level IV/Vb should be re-defined.

Long-term outcomes of a phase Ⅱ randomized controlled trial comparing intensity-modulated radiotherapy with or without weekly cisplatin for the treatment of locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Background:Salvage treatment for locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) is complicated and relatively limited.Radiotherapy,combined with effective concomitant chemotherapy,may improve clinical treatment outcomes.We conducted a phase Ⅱ randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of intensity-modulated radiotherapy with concomitant weekly cisplatin on locally recurrent NPC.Methods:Between April 2002 and January 2008,69 patients diagnosed with non-metastatic locally recurrent NPC were randomly assigned to either concomitant chemoradiotherapy group(n = 34) or radiotherapy alone group(n = 35).All patients received intensity-modulated radiotherapy.The radiotherapy dose for both groups was 60 Gy in 27 fractions for 37 days(range 23-53 days).The concomitant chemotherapy schedule was cisplatin 30 mg/m^2 by intravenous infusion weekly during radiotherapy.Results:The median follow-up period of all patients was 35 months(range 2-112 months).Between concomitant chemoradiotherapy and radiotherapy groups,there was only significant difference in the 3-year and 5-year overall survival(OS) rates(68.7%vs.42.2%,P = 0.016 and 41.8%vs.27.5%,P = 0.049,respectively).Subgroup analysis showed that concomitant chemoradiotherapy significantly improved the 5-year OS rate especially for patients in stage rT3-4(33.0%vs.13.2%,P = 0.009),stages Ⅲ-Ⅳ(34.3%vs.13.2%,P = 0.006),recurrence interval >30 months(49.0%vs.20.6%,P = 0.017),and tumor volume >26 cm^3(37.6%vs.0%,P = 0.006).Conclusion:Compared with radiotherapy alone,concomitant chemoradiotherapy can improve OS of the patients with locally recurrent NPC,especially those with advanced T category(rT3-4) and stage(lll-IV) diseases,recurrence intervals >30 months,and tumor volume >26 cm^3.

Hepatitis B virus reactivation and hepatitis in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients with resolved hepatitis B receiving rituximab-containing chemotherapy:risk factors and survival

Introduction:Hepatitis B virus(HBV) reactivation has been reported in B-cell lymphoma patients with resolved hepatitis B(hepatitis B surface antigen[HBsAg]-negative and hepatitis B core antibody[HBcAb]-positive).This study aimed to assess HBV reaaivation and hepatitis occurrence in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL) patients with resolved hepatitis B receiving rituximab-containing chemotherapy compared with HBsAg-negative/HBcAb-negative patients to identify risk factors for HBV reaaivation and hepatitis occurrence and to analyze whether HBV reaaivation and hepatitis affect the survival of DLBCL patients with resolved hepatitis B.Methods:We reviewed the clinical data of 278 patients with DLBCL treated with rituximab-containing therapy between January 2004 and May 2008 at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center,China.Prediaive faaors for HBV reaaivation,hepatitis development,and survival were examined by univariate analysis using the chi-square or Fisher's exact test and by multivariate analysis using the Cox regression model.Results:Among the 278 patients,165 were HBsAg-negative.Among these 165 patients,6(10.9%) of 55 HBcAb-positive(resolved HBV infeaion) patients experienced HBV reactivation compared with none(0%) of 110 HBcAb-negative patients(P=0.001).Patients with resolved hepatitis B had a higher hepatitis occurrence rate than HBsAg-negative/HBcAb-negative patients(21.8%vs.8.2%,P = 0.013).HBcAb positivity and elevated baseline alanine aminotransferase(ALT) levels were independent risk factors for hepatitis.Among the 55 patients with resolved hepatitis B,patients with elevated baseline serum ALT or aspartate aminotransferase(AST) levels were more likely to develop hepatitis than those with normal serum ALT or AST levels(P = 0.037,P = 0.005,respeaively).An elevated baseline AST level was an independent risk factor for hepatitis in these patients.Six patients with HBV reactivation recovered after immediate antiviral therapy,and chemotherapy was continued.HBcAb positivity,HBV reactivation,or hepatitis did not negatively affect the survival of DLBCL patients.Conclusions:DLBCL patients with resolved hepatitis B may have a higher risk of developing HBV reaaivation and hepatitis than HBsAg-negative/HBcAb-negative patients.Close monitoring and prompt antiviral therapy are required in these patients.

Characterization and mapping of QTLs on chromosome 2D for grain size and yield traits using a mutant line induced by EMS in wheat

Production of mutants with altered phenotypes is a powerful approach for determining the biological functions of genes in an organism. In this study, a high-grain-weight mutant line M8008 was identified from a library of mutants of the common wheat cultivar YN15 treated with ethylmethane sulfonate(EMS). F2 and F2:3generations produced from crosses of M8008 × YN15(MY) and M8008 × SJZ54(MS) were used for genetic analysis. There were significant differences between M8008 and YN15 in plant height(PH), spike length(SL),fertile spikelet number per spike(FSS), grain width(GW), grain length(GL), GL/GW ratio(GLW), and thousand-grain weight(TGW). Most simple correlation coefficients were significant for the investigated traits, suggesting that the correlative mutations occurred in M8008. Approximately 21% of simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers showed polymorphisms between M8008 and YN15, indicating that EMS can induce a large number of mutated loci. Twelve quantitative trait loci(QTLs) forming QTL clusters(one in MY and two in MS) were detected. The QTL clusters coinciding with(MY population) or near(MS population) the marker wmc41 were associated mainly with grain-size traits, among which the M8008 locus led to decreases in GW, factor form density(FFD), and TGW and to increases in GLW. The cluster in the wmc25–barc168 interval in the MS population was associated with yield traits, for which the M8008 locus led to decreased PH, spike number per plant(SN), and SL.

The impact of both platinum-based chemotherapy and EGFR-TKIs on overall survival of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer

Both platinum-based doublet chemotherapy(PBC) and epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors(EGFR-TKIs) prolong the survival of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC). In early studies, most patients underwent PBC as first-line treatment, but not all patients could afford EGFR-TKIs as second-line treatment. To understand the impact of PBC and EGFR-TKIs on NSCLC prognosis, we evaluated the association between the receipt of both regimens and overall survival(OS). Using MEDLINE and EMBASE, we identified prospective, randomized, controlled phase III clinical trials in advanced NSCLC that met the inclusion criteria: in general population with advanced NSCLC, the percentage of patients treated with both PBC and EGFR-TKIs was available in the trial and OS was reported. After collecting data from the selected trials, we correlated the percentage of patients treated with both PBC and EGFR-TKIs with the reported OS, using a weighted analysis. Fifteen phase III clinical trials—involving 11,456 adult patients in 32 arms—were included in the analysis, including 6 trials in Asian populations and 9 in non-Asian(predominantly Caucasian) populations. The OS was positively correlated with the percentage of patients treated with both PBC and EGFR-TKIs(r = 0.797, P < 0.001). The correlation was obvious in the trials in Asian populations(r = 0.936, P < 0.001) but was not statistically significant in the trials in predominantly Caucasian populations(r = 0.116, P = 0.588). These results suggest that treatment with PBC and EGFR-TKIs may provide a survival benefit to patients with advanced NSCLC, highlighting the importance of having both modalities available for therapy.

Effect of phosphogypsum on saline-alkalinity and aggregate stability of bauxite residue

A column experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of phosphogypsum(PG)on the salinealkalinity,and aggregate stability of bauxite residue.Results showed that:with increasing leaching time,the concentrations of saline−alkali ions decreased while the SO_(4)^(2-)concentration increased in bauxite residue leachate;compared with CK(control group)treatment,pH,electric conductivity(EC),exchangeable sodium percentage(ESP),sodium absorption ratio(SAR),and exchangeable Na+content of bauxite residue were reduced following PG treatment;average particle sizes in aggregates following CK and PG treatments were determined to be 155 and 193 nm,respectively.SR-μCT test results also confirmed that bauxite residue following PG treatment acquired larger aggregates and larger pore diameter.These results indicate that the PG treatment could significantly modulate the saline-alkalinity,and simultaneously enhance aggregate stability of bauxite residue,which provides a facile approach to reclaim bauxite residue disposal areas.