Inetetamab combined with S-1 and oxaliplatin as first-line treatment for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive gastric cancer

BACKGROUND Patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)-positive advanced gastric cancer have poor outcomes.Trastuzumab combined with chemotherapy is the first-line standard treatment for HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer.Inetetamab is a novel anti-HER2 drug,and its efficacy and safety in gastric cancer have not yet been reported.AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the S-1 plus oxaliplatin(SOX)regimen combined with inetetamab as a first-line treatment for HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer.METHODS Thirty-eight patients with HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer or gastroeso-phageal junction adenocarcinoma were randomly divided into two groups:One group received inetetamab combined with the SOX regimen,and the other group received trastuzumab combined with the SOX regimen.After 4-6 cycles,patients with stable disease received maintenance therapy.The primary endpoints were progression-free survival(PFS)and overall survival(OS),and the secondary endpoints were the objective response rate,disease control rate,and adverse events(AEs).RESULTS Thirty-seven patients completed the trial,with 18 patients in the inetetamab group and 19 patients in the trastuzumab group.In the inetetamab group,the median PFS was 8.5 months,whereas it was 7.3 months in the trastuzumab group(P=0.046);this difference was significant.The median OS in the inetetamab group vs the trastuzumab group was 15.4 months vs 14.3 months(P=0.33),and the objective response rate was 50%vs 42%(P=0.63),respectively;these differences were not significant.Common AEs included leukopenia,thrombocytopenia,nausea,and vomiting.The incidence rates of grade≥3 AEs were 56%in the inetetamab group and 47%in the trastuzumab group(P=0.63),with no significant difference.CONCLUSION In the first-line treatment of HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer,inetetamab and trastuzumab showed comparable efficacy.The inetetamab group showed superior PFS,and both groups had good safety.

Inhibition of SLC26A4 regulated by electroacupuncture suppresses the progression of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury

Introduction:Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion(IR)injury has received widespread attention due to its damaging effects.Electroacupuncture(EA)pretreatment has preventive effects on myocardial IR injury.SLC26A4 is a Na+independent anion reverse transporter and has not been reported in myocardial IR injury.Objectives:Tofind potential genes that may be regulated by EA and explore the role of this gene in myocardial IR injury.Methods:RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed to obtain the differentially expressed genes in the myocardial tissue of IR rats with EA pretreatment.Myocardial infarction size was detected by TTC staining.Serum CK,creatinine kinase-myocardial band,Cardiac troponin I,and lactate dehydrogenase levels were determined by ELISA.The effect of SLC26A4 on cardiomyocyte apoptosis was explored by TUNEL staining and western blotting.The effects of SLC26A4 on inflammation were determined by HE staining,ELISA,and real-time PCR.The effect of SLC26A4 on the NF-κB pathway was determined by western blotting.Results:SLC26A4 was up-regulated in IR rats but downregulated in IR rats with EA pretreatment.Compared with IR rats,those with SLC26A4 knockdown exhibited improved cardiac function according to decreased myocardial infarction size,reduced serum LDH/CK/CK-MB/cTnI levels,and elevated left ventricular ejection fraction and fractional shortening.SLC26A4 silencing inhibited myocardial inflammation,cell apoptosis,phosphorylation,and nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65.Conclusion:SLC26A4 exhibited promoting effects on myocardial IR injury,while the SLC26A4 knockdown had an inhibitory effect on the NF-κB pathway.These results further unveil the role of SLC26A4 in IR injury.

A Method of Gene-Function Annotation Based on Variable Precision Rough Sets

It is very important in the field of bioinformatics to apply computer to perform the function annotation for new sequenced bio-sequences. Based on GO database and BLAST program, a novel method for the function annotation of new biological sequences is presented by using the variable-precision rough set theory. The proposed method is applied to the real data in GO database to examine its effectiveness. Numerical results show that the proposed method has better precision, recall-rate and harmonic mean value compared with existing methods.

Wavelet and pain rating index for inhalation anesthesia: A randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND Wavelet index(WLi)and pain rating index(PRi)are new parameters for regulating general anesthesia depth based on wavelet analysis.AIM To investigate the safety and efficacy of using WLi or PRi in sevoflurane anesthesia.METHODS This randomized controlled trial enrolled 66 patients scheduled for elective posterior lumbar interbody fusion surgery under sevoflurane anesthesia between September 2017 and February 2018.A random number generator was used to assign the eligible patients to three groups:Systolic blood pressure(SBP)monitoring group,WLi monitoring group,and PRi monitoring group.The main anesthesiologist was aware of the patient grouping and intervention used.The primary endpoint was anesthesia recovery time.Secondary endpoints included extubation time,sevoflurane consumption,number of unwanted events/interventions,number of adverse events and postoperative visual analogue scale for pain.RESULTS A total of 62 patients were included in the final analysis(SBP group,n=21;WLi group,n=21;and PRi group,n=20).There were no significant differences among the three groups in patient age,gender distribution,body mass index,American Society of Anesthesiologists class,duration of surgery,or duration of anesthesia.Anesthesia recovery time was shorter in the WLi and PRi groups than in the SBP group with no significant difference between the WLi and PRi groups.Extubation time was shorter in the WLi and PRi groups than in the SBP group.Sevoflurane consumption was lower in the WLi and PRi groups than in the SBP group.Nicardipine was more commonly needed to treat hypertension in the WLi and PRi groups than in the SBP group.CONCLUSION Regulation of sevoflurane anesthesia depth with WLi or PRi reduced anesthesia recovery time,extubation time and sevoflurane consumption without intraoperative unwanted events.

Regulation of hydrogen evolution performance of titanium oxide-carbon composites at high current density with a Ti-O hybrid orbital

Rational design and controllable synthesis of practical electrodes with high sta bility and activity at high current density for a hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)are critical for renewable and sustainable energy conversion.However,high-performance TiO_(2)-based electrocatalysts for HER are quite limited,and the cat alytic active centers still remain elusive.Herein,a simple strategy is demonstrated for the synthesis of TiO_(2)-carbon composite(TiO_(2)/C)with high HER performance and stability.The remarkable HER performance of TiO_(2)/C can be ascribed to the doping of carbon atoms,which leads to stronger hybridization of Ti 3d and O 2p orbitals,thus substantially improving the electrocatalytic efficiency.This study elucidates that the hydrogen evolution activity of oxide electrocatalysts can be largely improved by regulating their electronic structures by doping carbon atoms and also provides an effective strategy for designing heterostructured electro catalysts with high catalytic activity and stability at high current density for HER.

Arteriovenous thrombotic events in a patient with advanced lung cancer following bevacizumab plus chemotherapy: A case report

BACKGROUND In driver gene-negative non-small cell lung cancer patients who relapse following radical resection,combination chemotherapy using bevacizumab and platinumbased dual drugs is known to increase both progression-free and overall survival.Treatment initially includes bevacizumab,and if patients are able to tolerate it,bevacizumab can continue to be utilized until disease progression.Bevacizumab is a recombinant humanized monoclonal neutralizing antibody that acts against vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF).Various anti-VEGF monoclonal antibodies,such as bevacizumab,can increase the risk of arterial thromboembolism.Current data indicate that VEGF-targeted treatment does not significantly increase the risk of venous thromboembolism events,except for bevacizumab.CASE SUMMARY A 55-year-old man underwent radical resection for cancer of the right lung.Six months following surgery,multiple metastases were observed in his left lung.Subsequently,six cycles of bevacizumab combined with pemetrexed/carboplatin chemotherapy was given.Efficacy evaluation continued to be partial relief according to RECIST 1.1 standards,and no noticeable adverse reactions were noted.After three cycles of maintenance therapy using a combination of bevacizumab and pemetrexed,the patient developed dizziness and dyspnea.The patient was diagnosed with acute cerebral infarction and pulmonary embolism following head magnetic resonance imaging,computed tomography(CT)angiography,and chest enhanced CT.Although the patient received lowmolecular-weight heparin anticoagulation and other treatment,the patient eventually died of respiratory failure 1 mo later.This case report may offer some insight into fatal arteriovenous embolism,which has not been previously reported.CONCLUSIONBevacizumab combined with chemotherapy may also increase the risk of arteriovenousthromboembolism. Accordingly, patients who receive angiogenesis inhibitor therapy should becarefully selected. Furthermore, close monitoring and timely intervention are necessary in order toreduce the risk of such toxicities.

Effect of acupuncture on cerebral hematoma volume and HO-1 expression in rats with acute cerebral hemorrhage

Objective:To explore the effect of acupuncture on the expression of heme oxygenase-1 in rats with acute cerebral hemorrhage.Methods:108 Wistar male rats were randomly divided into sham operation group,model group,and acupuncture combined with model group(referred to as acupuncture group).Each group was divided into 3 subgroups according to 1d,3d and 7d,with 6 rats in each subgroup.The rat model of cerebral hemorrhage was established by autologous blood injection.Acupuncture was given at Baihui(GU20)and Qubin(GB7).Separately,at the 1st,3rd and 7th day,modified neurological severity score was used to evaluate the neurological function of rats,HE staining was used to measure the volume of cerebral hematoma and western blot was used to detect the expression of heme oxygenase-1 protein in cerebral hematoma tissue.Results:Compared with the model group,at each time point,the modified neurological severity score of the acupuncture group was significantly reduced(P<0.01);at the two time points of 3rd and 7th day,the cerebral hematoma volume of the acupuncture group was significantly reduced(P<0.05)and the expression of heme oxygenase-1 protein in brain tissue was significantly increased(P<0.05).Conclusion:Acupuncture may promote the expression of heme oxygenase-1 protein,reduce the volume of hematoma and the score of neurological deficit in rats with intracerebral hemorrhage,improve the performance of neurological deficit,and play a role in brain protection.

SEPARATION OF FORMIC ACID-WATER AZEOTROPIC MIXTURES BY MEMBRANE DISTILLATION

The azeotrope disappeared when the formic acid-water mixtures were treated by membrane distillation. Membrane distillation were used for separation of formic acid-water azeotropic mixtures for the first time.

Laser Driver for Optic Fiber Gyro with 4 mA to 200 mA Drive Current

Abstract---The stability of the drive current is very important for a laser driver, while it is difficult to maintain the current stable at a high value for the laser driver. On the other hand, the range of the drive current is expected to be as wide as possible to be applied to different kinds of lasers. In this paper, a high current laser driver for the superluminescent light emitting diode （SLED） is presented, which is used in the optic fiber gyro embedded by a 0.35 μm bipolar complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor （BiCMOS） process. The laser driver provides automatic power control and certain value of current determined by the external resister. The system is based on the optic-electric feedback theory and uses the closed-loop control technique to maintain the drive current stable. The system is capable of producing stable current ranges from 4 mA to 200 mA when the value of external resister changes.

A carbon-intensity based carbon allowance allocation scheme among enterprises in Shenzhen

On October 29, 2011, a number of cities and provinces in China were chosen to host pilot locations for carbon emissions trading systems. Before a carbon trading market can be functional, carbon emission allowances need to be allocated. This makes the carbon emissions allowance allocation scheme crucially important as it goes a long way in deciding the effi ciency and fairness of the carbon cap-andtrade market. Although it has been proved that allocation by auction is the most effective way, Shenzhen city as one of the trading pilots will allocate carbon allowances free of charge at the initial stage. The European Union's(EU) free allocation system, a product-based benchmark scheme for the manufacturing industry implement in 2013, is not feasible for Shenzhen due to the lack of data at a product level. Therefore the target of this paper is to explore a new allocation scheme with the data at a fi rm level other than the grandfathering scheme to fi ll the gap. In this paper, a carbon intensity based allocation scheme is developed by using the Boltzmann distribution and Gail- Shapley game. In the fi nal part of the report, fi rm level data from 2010 to 2011 of fi rms in Shenzhen, China are used to verify the effect and fi tness of the allocation scheme.

基于对比增强经颅多普勒的多模式超声评估卵圆孔未闭相关右向左分流的临床意义

目的研究对比增强经颅多普勒(c-TCD)与经食管超声心动图声学造影(c-TEE)评估卵圆孔未闭(PFO)相关右向左分流(RLS)的临床意义。方法回顾性连续纳入2020年1月至2022年6月在苏州大学附属第一医院因头晕、晕厥、偏头痛、缺血性卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)等临床表现就诊,临床可疑RLS的患者243例,所有患者均完成c-TCD、TEE和c-TEE检查。分析c-TCD、c-TEE对PFO-RLS的检出结果。采用McNemar-Bowker检验比较c-TCD和c-TEE对PFO-RLS的半定量分级;并分析c-TCD评估下PFO-RLS分流类型、分流等级及与PFO直径和隧道长度的关系。结果纳入的243例患者中,偏头痛及头晕、晕厥等占71.2%(173/243),缺血性卒中或TIA占28.8%(70/243)。以TEE结合c-TEE结果为参考标准,确诊232例PFO-RLS。c-TCD、c-TEE对PFO-RLS的检出率均为99.1%(230/232)。c-TCD检查:静息状态、传统Valsalva动作、定量Valsalva动作时,大量分流的检出率分别为20.7%(48/232)、41.4%(96/232)、67.7%(157/232),两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.001)。c-TEE检查:静息状态、腹部加压下,小量分流的检出率分别为18.1%(42/232)、32.8%(76/232),中量分流的检出率分别为0.9%(2/232)、25.0%(58/232),大量分流的检出率分别为3.0%(7/232)、41.4%(96/232)。c-TCD与c-TEE评估的PFO-RLS分流等级差异有统计学意义(Boweker检验值为51.524,P<0.001)。小量分流,c-TEE检出率高于c-TCD(χ^(2)=5.222,P=0.022);中量分流,c-TEE检出率高于c-TCD(χ^(2)=20.885,P<0.001);大量分流,c-TCD检出率高于c-TEE(χ^(2)=53.923,P<0.001)。34.9%(81/232)的患者分流等级c-TCD高于c-TEE;55.6%(129/232)的患者c-TCD和c-TEE评估的分流等级相同;9.5%(22/232)的患者分流等级c-TCD低于c-TEE。c-TCD评估下固有型RLS的PFO直径大于潜在型RLS的PFO直径(P<0.05),隧道长度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。PFO-RLS分流等级与PFO直径呈正相关(r=0.307,P<0.05),与隧道长度无相关性(P>0.05)。结论c-TCD是评估RLS的有效血流动力学依据,充分的Valsalva动作下c-TDC可为PFO-RLS提供可靠的半定量诊断结果,c-TEE可明确RLS的来源,两者共同联合可为个体化诊断提供科学依据。

Research progress on the mechanism of acupuncture in the treatment of secondary brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage

Intracerebral hemorrhage is a major cause of death in humans,with high morbidity,mortality,and disability rates.Secondary brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage is a consequence of brain edema and neurological dysfunction.Acupuncture is markedly effective against secondary brain injury,and various mechanisms are involved in its action,such as inhibition of inflammatory cascades,inhibition of oxidative stress,attenuation of brain edema,inhibition of nerve cell death,and regulation of neural plasticity.This paper summarizes the mechanism underlying the effects of acupuncture on secondary brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage in recent years to provide new ideas for subsequent research.

先天性皮质性白内障弱视患儿自发脑活动的临床观察

目的探讨先天性皮质性白内障弱视患儿的自发脑活动特点。方法横断面研究。纳入2022年 1月至 2022 年12月于郑州大学第一附属医院就诊的20例单眼先天性皮质性白内障弱视患儿(单眼弱视组)和14例双眼先天性皮质性白内障弱视患儿(双眼弱视组),并招募年龄、性别相匹配的17名正常视力儿童(健康对照组)。所有受试者进行静息态功能性MRI成像检查,应用低频振荡幅度(ALFF)技术分析其自发脑活动。将每个体素的原始ALFF除以全脑平均ALFF进行标准化,得到标准化ALFF值(简称ALFF值),用来反映大脑不同脑区自发脑活动的强度。一般资料的比较采用单因素方差分析、Kruskal-Wallis检验和χ2检验;ALFF值的比较采用单因素方差分析。结果 3个组间年龄、性别、弱视眼或非主导眼分布及屈光参差度数的差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。与健康对照组相比,单眼弱视组在右侧小脑后叶(体素67个,t=3.48)和左侧小脑后叶(体素71个,t=4.09)的ALFF值较高,在右侧中央后回(体素91个,t=-3.91)、右侧顶下小叶(体素73个,t=-4.88)、右侧额下回(体素78个,t=-4.09)、左侧顶下小叶(体素556个,t=-4.82)和左侧额下回(体素122个,t=-4.27)的ALFF值较低(均P<0.01);双眼弱视组在右侧岛叶(体素60个,t=3.54)、右侧罗兰岛盖部(体素69个,t=3.73)、右侧小脑后叶(体素54个,t=3.43)和左侧小脑后叶(体素143个,t=3.69)的ALFF值较高,在左侧额下回(体素99个,t=-4.39)、左侧中央后回(体素231个,t=-4.28)和右侧顶下小叶(体素54个,t=-3.77)的ALFF值较低(均P<0.01)。与单眼弱视组相比,双眼弱视组在左侧额中回(体素52个,t=3.15,P=0.029)、左侧小脑后叶(体素77个,t=3.39,P=0.001)和右侧罗兰岛盖部(体素53个,t=3.59,P=0.007)的ALFF值较高。结论先天性皮质性白内障弱视患儿存在多个脑区自发脑活动改变,且单、双眼弱视的自发脑活动变化存在差异。

Long-term follow-up of auditory performance and speech perception and effects of age on cochlear implantation in children with pre-lingual deafness

Background: The development of auditory and speech perception ability of children with hearing loss is affected by many factors after they undergo cochlear implantation (CI). Age at CI (CI age) appears to play an important role among these factors. This study aimed to evaluate the development of auditory and speech perception ability and explore the impact of CI age on children with pre-lingual deafness present before 3 years of age. Methods: Two hundred and seventy-eight children with pre-lingual deafness (176 boys and 102 girls) were included in this study, and the CI age ranged from 6 to 36 months (mean age, 19 months). Categorical auditory performance (CAP) was assessed to evaluate auditory ability, and the speech intelligibility rating was used to evaluate speech intelligibility. The evaluations were performed before CI and 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months after CI. Results: The auditory ability of the pre-lingually hearing-impaired children showed the fastest development within 6 months after CI (k = 0.524, t = 30.992, P < 0.05);then, the progress started to decelerate (k = 0.14, t = 3.704, P < 0.05) and entered a plateau at the 24th month (k = 0.03, t = 1.908, P < 0.05). Speech intelligibility showed the fastest improvement between the 12th and 24th months after CI (k = 0.138, t = 5.365, P < 0.05);then, the progress started to decelerate (k = 0.026, t = 1.465, P < 0.05) and entered a plateau at the 48th month (k = 0.012, t = 1.542, P < 0.05). The CI age had no statistical significant effect on the auditory and speech abilities starting at 2 years after CI (P > 0.05). The optimal cutoff age for CI was 15 months. Conclusions: Within 5 years after CI, the auditory and speech ability of young hearing-impaired children continuously improved, although speech development lagged behind that of hearing. An earlier CI age is recommended;the optimal cutoff age for CI is at 15 months.

Intracellular pH-responsive iron-catechin nanoparticles with osteogenic/anti-adipogenic and immunomodulatory effects for efficient bone repair

Osteoimmunomodulation was identified as a new and important strategy to enhance osteogenic differentiation together with other osteogenic approaches.However,approaches regulating osteogenic differentiation and macrophage polarization to remodel an osteoinductive microenvironment are separate and complicated.Therefore,the design and synthesis of one biomaterial that couples the osteogenic performance and immunomodulatory ability is a major challenge for efficient bone repair.In this study,self-assembled iron-catechin nanoparticles(Fe-cat NPs)were designed based on the coordinated reaction between iron ions and catechin and synthesized via a facile one-pot strategy.Interestingly,Fe-cat NPs show intracellular pH-responsive disassembly and release catechin molecules under the low pH of lysosomes after endocytosis.This strategy delivers catechin intracellularly and then enhances the osteogenic differentiation while inhibits the adipogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells(hADSCs).More importantly,Fe-cat NPs remodel the osteogenic immune microenvironment by resisting inflammation and promoting M2 polarization of macrophages.As a promising metal-organic nanodrug,the intracellular pH-responsive Fe-cat NPs significantly enhance the therapeutic effect of bone regneration by orchestrating osteogenic differentiation and immunomodulation,which may have great potential in bone tissue engineering.

Optimization of heat source side technical scheme of combined heat and water system based on a coal-fired power plant

Recovering the waste heat(WH)of a power plant can conserve energy and reduce emissions.Scholars have proposed utilizing the WH of power plants in a combined heat and water(CHW)system,which is considered an economical,energy-saving,and environment-friendly way to integrate water and heat supply into long-distance transportation in urban areas of northern China.However,to date,a detailed design of the case on the heat source side of the CHW has not been developed.Therefore,in this study,the heat source side of a CHW system was divided into two cases:a single-generator set and a double-generator set,and both cases were optimized.The parameters of a multi-effect desalination(MED)process were examined;the optimal number of evaporation stages during the MED process was 12,and the optimal heat source temperature during the first stage was 700C.Then,by matching the extraction and exhaust steam flows,the WH of the exhaust steam in the heating season was finally utilized.Further,under each case optimal conditions,energy,exergy,and cost were analyzed.The results showed that the exergy efficiency in the heating season for each case was approximately 50%,whereas that in the non-heating season was approximately 3.5%.The economy and water quality of the single-generator case were better than those of the double-generator case.However,the absorption heat pump required in the single-generator case is difficult to realize because it operates under two working conditions.

Efficient selective activation of sorbitol C–O bonds over C–C bonds on CoGa(221)generated by lattice-induction strategy

Sorbitol is a primary platform compound in the conversion of cellulose.The conversion of sorbitol to C_(6) hydrocarbons requires a complete cleavage of C–O bonds and meanwhile the inhibition of C–C cleavage.Here,we demonstrated an efficient selective cleavage of C–O over C–C bond on the(221)facet of supported CoGa.A selectivity of 94%to C_(6) hydrocarbon with conversion of 97%has been achieved.The selective C–O cleavage was demonstrated by tuning the exposed facet as(221)or(110).The supported CoGa was prepared simply by reduction of Co and Ga-containing layered double hydroxides(CoZnGaAl-LDHs),the exposed facets of CoGa crystallites were controlled by tailoring the temperature-programmed rate in the reduction.By reducing CoZnGaAl-LDHs,CoGa(221)was exposed with a temperature-programmed rate of 5℃/min under the induction of ZnO lattice,while CoGa(110)was exposed with a rate of 10℃/min.

The ATP Level in the mPFC Mediates the Antidepressant Effect of Calorie Restriction

Food deprivation can rescue obesity and overweight-induced mood disorders,and promote mood performance in normal subjects.Animal studies and clinical research have revealed the antidepressant-like effect of calorie restriction,but little is known about the mechanism of calorie restriction-induced mood modification.Previous studies have found that astrocytes modulate depressive-like behaviors.Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2(IP3R2)is the predominant isoform in mediating astrocyte Ca2+signals and its genetic knockout mice are widely used to study astrocyte function in vivo.In this study,we showed that deletion of IP3R2 blocked the antidepressant-like effect induced by calorie restriction.In vivo microdialysis experiments demonstrated that calorie restriction induced an increase in ATP level in the medial prefrontal cortex(mPFC)in naïve mice but this effect disappeared in IP3R2-knockout mice,suggesting a role of astrocytic ATP in the calorie restriction-induced antidepressant effect.Further experiments showed that systemic administration and local infusion of ATP into the mPFC induced an antidepressant effect,whereas decreasing ATP by Apyrase in the mPFC blocked calorie restriction-induced antidepressant regulation.Together,these findings support a role for astrocytic ATP in the antidepressant–like effect caused by calorie restriction.

Characteristics of Mandarin Open-set Word Recognition Development among Chinese Children with Cochlear Implants

Background： Cochlear implants （Cls） can improve speech recognition for children with severe congenital hearing loss, and open-set word recognition is an important efficacy measure. This study examined Mandarin open-set word recognition development among Chinese children with Cls and normal hearing （NH）. Methods： This study included 457 children with CIs and 131 children with NH, who completed the Mandarin lexical neighborhood test. The results for children at 1-8 years alter receiving their Cls were compared to those from the children with NH using linear regression analysis and analysis of variance. Results： Recognition of disyllabic easy words, disyllabic hard words, monosyllabic easy words, and monosyllabic hard words increased with time after CI implantation. Scores for cases with implantation before 3 years old were significantly better than those for implantation after 3 years old. There were significant differences in open-set word recognition between the CI and NH groups. For implantation before 2 years, there was no significant difference in recognition at the ages of 6-7 years, compared to 3-year-old children with NH, or at the age of 10 years, compared to 6-year-old children with NH. For implantation before 3 years, there was no significant difference in recognition at the ages of 8 9 years, compared to 3-year-old children with NH, or at the age of 10 years, compared to 6-year-old children with NH. For implantation after 3 years, there was a significant difference in recognition at the age of 13 years, compared to 3-year-old children with NH. Conclusions： Mandarin open-set word recognition increased with time after CI implantation, and the age at implantation had a significant effect on long-term speech recognition. Chinese children with Cls had delayed but similar development of recognition, compared to norrnal children. Early CI implantation can shorten the gap between children with Cls and normal children.

Translated by Saul Thompson. Beijing： China Translation ＆ Publishing Corporation

Zhang Yawen＇s autobiography, Cry for Life, is found in the From Inside China series, which was designed to Commissioned by the Chinese promote Chinese literature worldwide. National Publication Foundation and subsequently published by Aurora Publishing LLC in 2015, Cry for Life presents Zhang＇s life as a woman writer fighting for social justice and recognition as the screenwriter of A Chinese Woman at Gestapo Gunpoint （2002）.