Specifying Requirements of Real-Time System with Rules and Templates

This paper presents a model specifying requirements of real-time systems. Different from existing researches, this model mainly uses rules and templates to represent hierarchical FSMs (Finite State Machine). In this model, one rule corresponds to one state transition of FSM and one template corresponds to one FSM. Rules and information with respect to a FSM can be written in a template. So templates include not only state diagrams, but also information that can not be described by FSM, such as performance requirements. The specification using this model consists of a collection of templates and it is easy for users to understand and to review. After introduced the related researches and principles of the model, this paper specifies requirements of a real-time system with this model, and discusses characters of this model in the end.

Relationship between ESIPT properties and antioxidant activities of 5-hydroxyflavone derivates

It is of great significance to study the relationship between the excited state intramolecular proton transfer(ESIPT)properties and antioxidant activities of compounds in the field of life sciences.In this work,two novel compounds 5HF-OMe and 5HF-NH2 are designed through introducing a methoxy-and amino-group into the structure of 5-hydroxyflavone(5HF)respectively.The relationship between the ESIPT reaction and antioxidant activities of the three compounds is studied via the density functional theory(DFT)and time-dependent DFT(TD-DFT)methods.The calculated potential energy curves suggest that the rate of ESIPT reaction will gradually slow down from 5HF to 5HF-OMe and 5HF-NH2.In addition,the antioxidant activities of the three compounds gradually enhance from 5HF to 5HF-OMe and 5HF-NH2,which can be seen from the calculated energy gaps and ionization potential values.Interestingly,the above results imply that the rate of ESIPT reaction has a negative relationship with the antioxidant activities of the compounds,i.e.,the slower rate of ESIPT reaction will reflect the higher antioxidant activity of the compound,which will provide valuable reference for detecting the antioxidant activity of compound via the photophysical method.

Theoretical study on the relationship between the position of the substituent and the ESIPT fluorescence characteristic of HPIP

The influences of the substituent base position on the excited state intramolecular proton transfer fluorescence properties were explored in 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]-pyridine(HPIP)and HPIP's derivatives(5'Br-HPIP and 6'BrHPIP).And the density functional theory(DFT)and time-dependent DFT(TD-DFT)methods were used to calculate the molecule structures.The calculated results showed that the influence of 5'Br-HPIP on the fluorescence intensity is stronger than that of 6'Br-HPIP.The fluorescence emission peak of 5'Br-HPIP occurred a blue shift compared with HPIP,and 6'BrHPIP exhibited an opposite red shift.The change of the fluorescence emission peak was attributed to the decrease of the energy gap from 6'Br-HPIP to 5'Br-HPIP.Our work on the substituent position influence could be helpful to design and develop new materials.

结合层次图神经网络与长短期记忆的产业链风险评估预警模型

产业链风险评估预警是有效保护产业链上下游公司利益和减轻公司风险的重要措施。然而,现有方法由于忽视了产业链上下游公司之间的传播效应和公司信息的不透明性,无法准确评估公司风险,且忽略了动态财务数据对产业链的影响,无法提前感知风险,进行风险预警。针对以上问题,提出一种结合层次图(HG)神经网络与长短期记忆(LSTM)的产业链风险评估预警模型(HiGNN)。首先,利用产业链上下游关系和投融资关系构建“产业链-投资”HG;其次,利用财务特征提取模块提取公司多季度财务数据的特征;再次,利用投资特征提取模块提取投资关系图特征;最后,利用注意力机制融合财务特征和投资特征,通过图表示学习方法对公司节点进行风险分类。在真实的集成电路制造业数据集上的实验结果表明,与图注意力网络(GAT)模型、循环神经网络(RNN)模型相比,当训练比率为60%时,所提模型的准确率分别提升了14.87%、22.10%,F1值提升了12.63%、16.67%。所提模型能够有效捕捉产业链中的传染效应,提高风险识别能力,优于传统的机器学习方法和图神经网络方法。

基于邻居采样和图注意力机制的产业链风险评估模型

风险评估是提高产业链韧性的重要途径,也是降低产业链不稳定性的有效手段。然而,现有风险评估的研究基于供应链结构,忽略了其他因素,无法准确地刻画产业链上下游各节点的关联关系,导致评估效果存在偏差。针对上述问题,考虑到产业链内部各节点相互关联、风险状况多样、存在风险传递的特性,提出了基于邻居采样和图注意力机制的产业链风险评估模型GANS。首先,构建了产业链的异质图,利用“产品-公司”“产品-产品”刻画了产业链节点之间的关联关系,并从产业链中提取财务数据等作为节点的数据特征;其次,提出了基于元路径和公司投融资关联规则的公司关系图生成模块,实现对产业链中公司节点关系的高效转化和结构特征的高效学习;接着,针对生成的多种公司关系图,设计了结合邻居采样和图注意力机制的产业链风险评估模块,对节点邻域特征进行随机采样和聚合,同时结合注意力机制对基于多种公司图的节点特征进行自适应聚合,并通过分类器实现节点级风险评估;最后,依据节点风险等级与节点的结构特征对产业链进行风险评估。实验表明,在真实产业链数据集上,GANS在准确性、F1分数等方面均优于现有的模型,证明了GANS实现产业链风险评估的准确性和有效性。

Development of small molecule drugs targeting immune checkpoints

Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)are used to relieve and refuel anti-tumor immunity by blocking the interaction,transcription,and translation of co-inhibitory immune checkpoints or degrading co-inhibitory immune checkpoints.Thousands of small molecule drugs or biological materials,especially antibody-based ICIs,are actively being studied and antibodies are currently widely used.Limitations,such as anti-tumor efficacy,poor membrane permeability,and unneglected tolerance issues of antibody-based ICIs,remain evident but are thought to be overcome by small molecule drugs.Recent structural studies have broadened the scope of candidate immune checkpoint molecules,as well as innovative chemical inhibitors.By way of comparison,small molecule drug-based ICIs represent superior oral bioavailability and favorable pharmacokinetic features.Several ongoing clinical trials are exploring the synergetic effect of ICIs and other therapeutic strategies based on multiple ICI functions,including immune regulation,anti-angiogenesis,and cell cycle regulation.In this review we summarized the current progression of small molecule ICIs and the mechanism underlying immune checkpoint proteins,which will lay the foundation for further exploration.

Phylogenetic study on Scenedesmacae with the description of a new genus Coccoidesmus gen.nov.(Chlorophyceae,Chlorophyta)and chloroplast genome analyses

Members of the family Scenedesmaceae are some of the most common algal taxa in inland ecosystems,and they are widely distributed in freshwaters,aerial,and sub-aerial habitats.With the continuous updating of methods,the classic morphological taxonomy of this family needs to be revised.In recent years,many genera of Scenedesmaceae have been established via the use of molecular methods.The phylogenetic relationships within Scenedesmaceae were analyzed using different molecular markers and morphological data,and the new freshwater genus Coccoidesmus Wang,Hou et Liu gen.nov.was described.Two new species in this genus were also described.Phylogenetic analysis based on tufA genes revealed that the new genus formed an independent clade closely related to Comasiella.However,these two genera are characterized by significant morphological differences in colony arrangement and cell shape.The chloroplast genome of the type species was assembled and annotated,and analyses of genome structure and sequences were conducted.More genome data could help clarify the phylogenetic relationships within this family.

Omental fibroma combined with right indirect inguinal hernia masquerades as a scrotal tumor: A case report

BACKGROUND The most common causes of scrotal enlargement in patients include primary tumor of the scrotum,inflammation,hydrocele of the tunica vaginalis,and indirect inguinal hernia;scrotal enlargement caused by external tumors of the scrotum is rare.The patient had both a greater omentum tumor and an inguinal hernia,and the tumor protruded into the scrotum through the hernia sac,which is even rarer.Moreover,omental tumors are mostly metastatic,and primary omental fibroma is rare.CASE SUMMARY Here,we report a rare case of a 25-year-old young man with scrotal enlargement and pain for 3 months.Preoperative examination and multidisciplinary discu-ssions considered intra-abdominal tumor displacement and inguinal hernia,and intraoperative exploration confirmed that the greater omentum tumor protruded into the scrotum.Therefore,tumor resection and tension-free inguinal hernia repair were performed.The final diagnosis was benign fibroma of the greater omentum accompanied by an indirect inguinal hernia.CONCLUSION This unusual presentation of a common inguinal hernia disease illustrates the necessity of performing detailed history taking,physical examination,and imaging before surgery.

THE LIMITING PROFILE OF SOLUTIONS FOR SEMILINEAR ELLIPTIC SYSTEMS WITH A SHRINKING SELF-FOCUSING CORE

In this paper,we consider the semilinear elliptic equation systems{△u+u=αQ_(n)(x)|u|^(α-2)|v|^(β)u in R^(N),-△v+v=βQ(x)|u|^(α)|v|^(β-2)v in R^(N),where N≥3,α,β>1,α+β<2^(*),2^(*)=2N/N-2 and Q_(n) are bounded given functions whose self-focusing cores{x∈R^(N)|Q_(n)(x)>0} shrink to a set with finitely many points as n→∞.Motivated by the work of Fang and Wang[13],we use variational methods to study the limiting profile of ground state solutions which are concentrated at one point of the set with finitely many points,and we build the localized concentrated bound state solutions for the above equation systems.

Deciphering TADF Mechanisms in Metal-Free Organic Emitters BrA-HBI:Utilizing Optimally Tuned Range-Separated Functionals for Insight

Metal-free organic emitters,characterized by their thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF)properties,offer considerable promise for the creation of highly efficient organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs).Recently,Shao et al.presented a novel excited state intramolecular proton transfer(ESIPT)system BrA-HBI,demonstrating an emission quantum yield of up to 50%[Adv.Funct.Mater.32,2201256(2022)].However,many open issues cannot be answered solely by experimental means only and require detailed theoretical investigations.For instance,what causes the activation of TADF from the Keto^(*) tautomer and leads to fluorescence quenching in the Enol^(*)form?Herein,we provide a theoretical investigation on the TADF mechanism of the BrA-HBI molecule by optimally tuned range-separated functionals.Our findings reveal that ESIPT occurs in the BrA-HBI molecule.Moreover,we have disclosed the reason for the fluorescence quenching of the Enol^(*)form and determined that the T_(2)state plays a dominant role in the TADF phenomenon.In addition,double hybrid density functionals method was utilized to verify the reliability of optimally tuned range separation functionals on the calculation of the TADF mechanism in BrA-HBI.These findings not only provide a theoretical reference for development of highly efficient organic light-emitting diodes,but also demonstrate the effectiveness of the optimally tuned range-separated functionals in predicting the luminescence properties of TADF molecules.

Phase Transitions and Seepage Characteristics during the Depletion Development of Deep Condensate Gas Reservoirs

Deep condensate gas reservoirs exhibit highly complex and variable phase behaviors,making it crucial to understand the relationship between fluid phase states and flow patterns.This study conducts a comprehensive analysis of the actual production process of the deep condensate gas well A1 in a certain oilfield in China.Combining phase behavior analysis and CMG software simulations,the study systematically investigates phase transitions,viscosity,and density changes in the gas and liquid phases under different pressure conditions,with a reservoir temperature of 165°C.The research covers three crucial depletion stages of the reservoir:single-phase flow,two-phase transition,and two-phase flow.The findings indicate that retrograde condensation occurs when the pressure falls below the dew point pressure,reachingmaximum condensate liquid production at around 25MPa.As pressure decreases,gas phase density and viscosity gradually decrease,while liquid phase density and viscosity show an increasing trend.In the initial single-phase flow stage,maintaining a consistent gas-oil ratio is observed when both bottom-hole and reservoir pressures are higher than the dew point pressure.However,a sudden drop in bottom-hole pressure below the dew point triggers the production of condensate oil,significantly reducing subsequent gas and oil production.In the transitional two-phase flow stage,as the bottom-hole pressure further decreases,the reservoir exhibits a complex flow regime with coexisting areas of gas and liquid.In the subsequent two-phase flow stage,when both bottom-hole and reservoir pressures are below the dew point pressure,a significant increase in the gas-oil ratio is observed.The reservoir manifests a two-phase flow regime,devoid of single-phase gas flow areas.For lowpressure conditions in deep condensate gas reservoirs,considerations include gas injection,gas lift,and cyclic gas injection and production in surrounding wells.Additionally,techniques such as hot nitrogen or CO_(2) injection can be employed to mitigate retrograde condensation damage.The implications of this study are crucial for developing targeted development strategies and enhancing the overall development of deep condensate gas reservoirs.

软件工程专业教学思考与实践

围绕软件工程知识体系及其学习、构造、再造和应用等方面的特点,在建构主义学习理论的指导下,结合工程学科特点,讨论学好软件工程专业知识并铸造专业素质的价值观念,探讨突出和强化专业知识学习的教学方法,通过总结教学实践工作体会,提出亟待解决的一系列教学问题。

结晶高分子薄膜的内部和表面结构及光学性能

高分子薄膜的雾度贡献可分为表面雾度和内部雾度两部分。文中介绍了如何分离结晶高分子薄膜光学雾度的表面贡献和内部贡献,如何用白光干涉仪(轮廓仪)研究高分子薄膜表面的三维形态及表面粗糙度。相比于原子力显微镜而言,白光干涉轮廓仪可快速获得面积大很多倍的表面三维形态及统计性更好的表面粗糙度。并在此基础上进一步介绍了如何定量地研究高分子薄膜的表面粗糙度与表面雾度之间的关系。研究表明,尽管所研究的薄膜材料不同,制造工艺也不同,薄膜的厚度也有不相同,但由白光干涉仪得到的薄膜的表面粗糙度与表面雾度之间呈较好的线性正相关。而且,相对于内部雾度,薄膜的表面雾度对总雾度的贡献更大。此外还介绍了用激光散射研究高分子薄膜中较小球晶结构的方法,实验结果表明,用偏光显微镜研究这类尺寸较小的球晶是很困难的。对于结晶度相同的薄膜样品,其内部雾度可以差别很大。在结晶度相近的情况下,有无球晶形成,球晶形态的完善程度及大小是调节内部雾度的主要因素。球晶尺寸越大结构越完善,内部雾度也越大。

异氰酸酯硬段对聚氨酯结构及性能的影响

异氰酸酯的种类和含量对所合成的聚氨酯性能有重要的影响。文中以聚四氢呋喃醚二醇(PTMG)为软段,甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)和六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)分别为硬段,采用预聚体法合成了一系列具有不同硬段及软硬段比例的聚氨酯,并通过红外光谱、小角X射线散射、动态力学热分析及热重分析等方法,研究了异氰酸酯种类及比例对聚氨酯软硬段相分离结构和性能的影响。结果表明,由柔性脂肪族异氰酸酯所合成的聚氨酯其相分离程度更大,软段和硬段所对应的玻璃化转变温度差异更大。由链段刚性较强的TDI所合成的聚氨酯相分离程度更小,软硬段的玻璃化转变温度相差不大,更适合用于阻尼吸音的聚氨酯材料。同时,提高异氰酸酯指数使硬段含量增加,链段运动更加困难,相分离程度有所降低,会使材料的力学性能有所提升,但是耐热性降低。

一种基于日志聚类的多类型故障预测方法

现有故障预测方法的日志事件多数是无规律交错存在的,且不同类型的故障事件所涉及的事件数量与时间范围存在一定差异。为在故障预测时能够提供故障相关信息,提出一种基于频繁日志事件序列对多种不同类型的故障进行预测的方法。以日志事件序列之间的最长公共子序列作为其相似性度量,使用聚合层次聚类算法挖掘与故障事件相关的频繁事件序列。在频繁事件序列的基础上生成故障事件预测规则,并给出一种对故障事件预测规则进行过滤的方法,将过滤后的规则应用到测试集上进行故障预测。实验结果表明,该方法不仅能够进行有效的故障预测,而且可以平衡故障预测的准确率和召回率。

元数据驱动的多样化服务的混合编排方法

服务协议的多样性带来了消息结构的多样性,而BPEL不支持多样化的服务消息结构,因此在多样化的服务组合方面存在服务交互不匹配的问题。为此,提出元数据驱动的多样化服务的混合编排方法,对多样化服务进行元数据建模,描述服务消息结构,服务适配器利用元数据转换多样化的服务消息,在统一的消息结构上定义流程中服务间的数据交互,总体结合了基于元数据的数据依赖定义和BPMN定义完整地描述一个流程。通过案例测试以及可用性评估,结果验证了方法的可行性。该方法在一定程度上解决了多样化服务编排的问题,对多样化的服务协议类型可扩展。

应用软件运行日志的收集与服务处理框架

随着现代计算机系统的规模和复杂性不断增大,其运行日志的数量也不断增多,但是由于日志数据的规模巨大、内容杂乱,用户查看日志数据具有一定的困难,因此对应用软件运行日志进行有效收集与处理具有重要意义。提出了一种应用软件运行日志的收集与服务处理框架,利用分布式收集策略对日志数据收集,定义了一种多层次数据存储结构对日志数据进行存储,并向用户提供日志数据查询服务。通过对某综合减灾系统的日志数据分析验证了提出的日志数据收集与服务处理框架的实用性,并与传统的日志收集分析软件ELK和Chukwa进行了对比。

一种支持设计时软件重用的反射式软件体系结构及其形式化研究

软件体系结构在软件重用中有着特殊的意义。缺乏显式的描述并使用支持体系结构重用过程的信息和缺乏有效的重用方法是软件体系结构难以重用最根本的原因。在软件设计阶段,将元信息、元建模、反射和软件体系结构结合起来,构造了一种支持软件体系结构重用的反射式软件体系结构。给出了基于反射式软件体系结构的软件体系结构重用过程。给出了反射式软件体系结构的具体化过程的基本原理和具体化操作的Object-Z形式化描述,即创建元组件、创建元连接器、创建元组合件操作的形式化描述。给出了基于反射式软件体系结构的软件体系结构重用的支撑工具的设计过程。

基于细观试验和离散元法的盐岩力学特性

当前盐岩的宏观力学模型通常是唯象模型,不能很好地解释盐岩受力变形破坏的真正物理基础。盐岩是由于化学沉积而形成的矿物集合体,是一种主要由NaCl和少量杂质组成的多晶体,其变形机制主要由晶粒与晶界的力学特性控制。通过扫描电镜(SEM),获得盐岩晶粒的微细观结构特征,采用分子动力学方法和纳米压痕技术,确定盐岩晶粒和晶界的微细观力学参数;将盐岩晶粒作为块体,基于Voronoi多边形技术,建立盐岩的微细观数值模型;利用离散元方法,对盐岩试件在单轴压缩和直剪条件下的宏观力学行为进行了数值模拟。数值模拟结果与宏观力学试验结果吻合度高,表明基于盐岩微细观晶粒结构特征并结合离散元数值模拟的方法能够较好地研究盐岩的宏观力学性能及其材料物理基础。

Non-explosive mining and waste utilization for achieving green mining in underground hard rock mine in China

Innovations of mining technologies were proposed by beneficial utilizations of unfavorable factors such as high geostress,high geotemperature and high mining depth to achieve green mining as mining depth increases inevitably.Cuttability of deep hard rock was investigated by experimental and regressed analyses to find the reasonable stress adjustment method to improve non-explosive mechanized fragmentation for hard ore-rock.A non-explosive mechanized and intellectualized mining method was proposed to continuously and precisely exploit phosphate underground,which promoted the high-recovery,low-waste and high-efficiency exploitation of phosphate with recovery rate over 90%,dilution rate near 5%and cutting efficiency about 107.7 t/h.A circular economy model and the backfill system were proposed to conduct resource utilizations of solid waste,by which the utilization amount of waste increased year after year.In 2018,the utilization amounts of phosphogypsum,yellow phosphorus slag and waste rock increased to 1853.6×10^3 t/a,291.1×10^3 t/a and 1493.8×10^3 t/a,respectively.