Introduction and Some Recent Advances in Lp Quantile Regression

As extremely important methods, Lp regression methods have attracted the attention of either theoretical or empirical researchers all over the world. As special cases of that, quantile and expectile regression (with p = 1 and p = 2, respectively) are well acquainted with. In contrast with them, general Lp regression (with p equals 1 and 2) has recently been found to have many unexpected properties by some studies, especially when 1 p Lp quantile regression under various p settings and shows some recent advances in Lp quantile regression, theoretically and empirically.

Evaluating Fund Performance Based on Lp Quantile Nonlinear Regression Model

There is a substantial body of empirical research that has found the fund return distributions to exhibit pronounced peakiness, heavy tails, and skewness, deviating from a normal distribution. Addressing the limitations of the traditional Sharpe ratio, which assumes a normal distribution of returns and uses standard deviation to measure investment risk, this paper primarily employs the Value at Risk (VaR) based on Lp quantile to adjust excess returns of funds. This method offers superior robustness, is capable of capturing asymmetry and heavy-tailed characteristics, and is more flexible, providing a better description of the tail risk in fund returns. Empirical studies have shown that using the Sharpe ratio corrected with the Lp quantile is feasible for evaluating and ranking the performance of open-end funds.

高效液相色谱法测定洗发护发产品中18种防腐剂和去屑剂

建立高效液相色谱法(HPLC)同时测定不同基质化妆品中18种防腐剂和去屑剂组分的含量,并对50批市售洗发护发类化妆品进行质量分析。不同基质样品经前处理提取后,采用HPLC法分析,外标法定量。选取C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),甲醇和磷酸二氢钠水溶液(pH调节至3.8)作为流动相,进行梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL/min,柱温30℃,选取二极管阵列检测器多波长分析。18种组分在色谱图中分离度良好,峰面积与质量浓度在0.4~600μg/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系(r>0.9983),检出浓度在0.4~10 mg/kg之间。多种组分平均回收率(n=6)为83.1%~110.4%,RSD为0.12%~7.6%,回收率良好;多种组分在24 h内保持稳定,RSD在0.15%~3.8%之间,稳定性良好。50批样品中检出9种成分,吡硫鎓锌、吡罗克酮乙醇胺盐、对氯间甲酚、氯咪巴唑、三氯生、水杨酸的含量分别为2100~6800,39~2900,130~370,24~1600,0.14~0.19,28~1900 mg/kg。苄氯酚、邻氨基苯酚、邻伞花烃-5-醇的含量检出但是含量小于定量限,无法准确定量。该方法经方法学验证,可同时测定化妆品中18种防腐剂和去屑剂组分的含量。

高分子基水下灌浆材料的研究进展

水下灌浆是水工建筑物修补加固的重要方法。相较于水泥基灌浆材料,高分子基灌浆材料具有黏度低、可灌性好、凝胶固化速率快和弹性好等优势,适用于细小裂缝和活动裂缝的快速修复。然而,目前常用的高分子基灌浆材料用于水下灌浆时,存在力学性能差、黏结强度差、耐久性差和成本高等不足。文中结合常用的高分子基灌浆材料,分析了水下灌浆的难点,并从树脂主剂、固化剂和助剂3个方面归纳了水下灌浆材料的改性策略。最后,指出了水下灌浆材料的未来发展方向是绿色化和自修复功能化,以更好地适应复杂的水下环境。

Two-photon live imaging of direct glia-to-neuron conversion in the mouse cortex

Over the past decade,a growing number of studies have reported transcription factor-based in situ reprogramming that can directly conve rt endogenous glial cells into functional neurons as an alternative approach for n euro regeneration in the adult mammalian central ne rvous system.Howeve r,many questions remain regarding how a terminally differentiated glial cell can transform into a delicate neuron that forms part of the intricate brain circuitry.In addition,concerns have recently been raised around the absence of astrocyte-to-neuron conversion in astrocytic lineage-tra cing mice.In this study,we employed repetitive two-photon imaging to continuously capture the in situ astrocyte-to-neuron conversion process following ecto pic expression of the neural transcription factor NeuroD1 in both prolife rating reactive astrocytes and lineage-tra ced astrocytes in the mouse cortex.Time-lapse imaging over several wee ks revealed the ste p-by-step transition from a typical astrocyte with numero us short,tapered branches to a typical neuro n with a few long neurites and dynamic growth cones that actively explored the local environment.In addition,these lineage-converting cells were able to migrate ra dially or to ngentially to relocate to suitable positions.Furthermore,two-photon Ca2+imaging and patch-clamp recordings confirmed that the newly generated neuro ns exhibited synchronous calcium signals,repetitive action potentials,and spontaneous synaptic responses,suggesting that they had made functional synaptic connections within local neural circuits.In conclusion,we directly visualized the step-by-step lineage conversion process from astrocytes to functional neurons in vivo and unambiguously demonstrated that adult mammalian brains are highly plastic with respect to their potential for neuro regeneration and neural circuit reconstruction.

Enhancing Green Ammonia Electrosynthesis Through Tuning Sn Vacancies in Sn‑Based MXene/ MAX Hybrids

Renewable energy driven N_(2) electroreduction with air as nitrogen source holds great promise for realizing scalable green ammonia production.However,relevant out-lab research is still in its infancy.Herein,a novel Sn-based MXene/MAX hybrid with abundant Sn vacancies,Sn@Ti_(2)CTX/Ti_(2)SnC–V,was synthesized by controlled etching Sn@Ti_(2)SnC MAX phase and demonstrated as an efficient electrocatalyst for electrocatalytic N2 reduction.Due to the synergistic effect of MXene/MAX heterostructure,the existence of Sn vacancies and the highly dispersed Sn active sites,the obtained Sn@Ti2CTX/Ti_(2)SnC–V exhibits an optimal NH_(3) yield of 28.4μg h^(−1) mg_(cat)^(−1) with an excellent FE of 15.57% at−0.4 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode in 0.1 M Na_(2)SO_(4),as well as an ultra-long durability.Noticeably,this catalyst represents a satisfactory NH3 yield rate of 10.53μg h^(−1) mg^(−1) in the home-made simulation device,where commercial electrochemical photovoltaic cell was employed as power source,air and ultrapure water as feed stock.The as-proposed strategy represents great potential toward ammonia production in terms of financial cost according to the systematic technical economic analysis.This work is of significance for large-scale green ammonia production.

Composition,function,and timing:exploring the early‑life gut microbiota in piglets for probiotic interventions

Background The establishment of a robust gut microbiota in piglets during their early developmental stage holds the potential for long-term advantageous effects.However,the optimal timeframe for introducing probiotics to achieve this outcome remains uncertain.Results In the context of this investigation,we conducted a longitudinal assessment of the fecal microbiota of 63 piglets at three distinct pre-weaning time points.Simultaneously,we gathered vaginal and fecal samples from 23 sows.Employing 16S rRNA gene and metagenomic sequencing methodologies,we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the fluctuation patterns in microbial composition,functional capacity,interaction networks,and colonization resistance within the gut microbiota of piglets.As the piglets progressed in age,discernible modifications in intestinal microbial diversity,composition,and function were observed.A source-tracking analysis unveiled the pivotal role of fecal and vaginal microbiota derived from sows in populating the gut microbiota of neonatal piglets.By D21,the microbial interaction network displayed a more concise and efficient configuration,accompanied by enhanced colonization resistance relative to the other two time points.Moreover,we identified three strains of Ruminococcus sp.at D10 as potential candidates for improving piglets’weight gain during the weaning phase.Conclusions The findings of this study propose that D10 represents the most opportune juncture for the introduction of external probiotic interventions during the early stages of piglet development.This investigation augments our comprehension of the microbiota dynamics in early-life of piglets and offers valuable insights for guiding forthcoming probiotic interventions.

PRSS50-mediated inhibition of MKP3/ERK signaling is crucial for meiotic progression and sperm quality

Serine protease 50(PRSS50/TSP50)is highly expressed in spermatocytes.Our study investigated its role in testicular development and spermatogenesis.Initially,PRSS50 knockdown was observed to impair DNA synthesis in spermatocytes.To further explore this,we generated PRSS50 knockout(Prss50^(−/−))mice(Mus musculus),which exhibited abnormal spermatid nuclear compression and reduced male fertility.Furthermore,dysplastic seminiferous tubules and decreased sex hormones were observed in 4-week-old Prss50^(−/−)mice,accompanied by meiotic progression defects and increased apoptosis of spermatogenic cells.Mechanistic analysis indicated that PRSS50 deletion resulted in increased phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2(ERK1/2)and elevated levels of MAP kinase phosphatase 3(MKP3),a specific ERK antagonist,potentially accounting for testicular dysplasia in adolescent Prss50−/−mice.Taken together,these findings suggest that PRSS50 plays an important role in testicular development and spermatogenesis,with the MKP3/ERK signaling pathway playing a significant role in this process.

Sand control mechanism of radial well filled with phase change material in hydrate reservoir

Radial well filled with phase change material has been proposed as a novel sand control method for hydrate exploitation.In order to reveal the sand control mechanism,CFD-DEM coupling method is applied to simulate the migration,settlement,and blockage processes of sand particles in the radial well.The obtained results indicate that three scenarios have been recognized for sand particles passing through sand control medium,based on the diameter ratio of sand control medium to sand particle(D_(d)):fully passing(D_(d)=8.75-22.5),partially passing and partially blocked(D_(d)=3.18-5.63),and completely blocked(D_(d)=2.18-3.21).After being captured by the sand control medium,sand particles can block pores,which increases fluid flow resistance and causes a certain pressure difference in the radial well.The pressure in the radial well should be lower than the hydrate phase equilibrium pressure during sand control design,for the purpose of promoting hydrate decomposition,and sand capture.The length of the radial well should be optimized based on the reservoir pore pressure,production pressure difference,bottom hole pressure,and the pressure gradient in the radial well.It should be noticed that the sand control medium leads to a decrease in permeability after sand particles captured.Even the permeability is reduced to several hundred millidarcy,it is still sufficient to ensure the effective flow of gas and water after hydrate decomposition.Increasing fluid velocity reduces the blocking capacity of the sand control medium,mainly because of deterioration in bridging between sand particles.

Superhydrophobic melamine sponge prepared by radiation-induced grafting technology for efficient oil-water separation

This paper presents a superhydrophobic melamine(ME)sponge(ME-g-PLMA)prepared via high-energy radiation-induced in situ covalent grafting of long-alkyl-chain dodecyl methacrylate(LMA)onto an ME sponge for efficient oil–water separation.The obtained ME-g-PLMA sponge had an excellent pore structure with superhydrophobic(water contact angle of 154°)and superoleophilic properties.It can absorb various types of oils up to 66–168 times its mass.The ME-g-PLMA sponge can continuously separate oil slicks in water by connecting a pump or separating oil underwater with a gravity-driven device.In addition,it maintained its highly hydrophobic properties even after long-term immersion in different corrosive solutions and repeated oil adsorption.The modified ME-g-PLMA sponge exhibited excellent separation properties and potential for oil spill cleanup.

Efficacy of borneol-gypsum in skin regeneration and pain control in toxic epidermal necrolysis:A case report

BACKGROUND Toxic epidermal necrolysis(TEN)is a life-threatening dermatological emergency mainly induced by drug hypersensitivity reactions.Standard management includes discontinuation of culprit drug and application of immunomodulatory therapy.However,mortality remains high due to complications like septic shock and multiorgan failures.Innovative approaches for skin care are crucial.This report introduces borneol-gypsum,a traditional Chinese drug but a novel dressing serving as an adjuvant of TEN therapy,might significantly improve skin conditions and patient outcomes in TEN.CASE SUMMARY A 38-year-old woman diagnosed with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis experienced gangrenous complications and motor nerve involvement.After initial treatment of high-dose corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide,symptom of foot drop improved,absolute eosinophil counts decreased,while limb pain sustained.Duloxetine was added to alleviate her symptom.Subsequently,TEN developed.Additional topical application of borneol-gypsum dressing not only protected the skin lesions from infection but also significantly eased localized pain.This approach demonstrated its merit in TEN management by promoting skin healing and potentially reducing infection risks.CONCLUSION Borneol-gypsum dressing is a promising adjuvant that could significantly improve TEN management,skin regeneration,and patient comfort.

Research Progress on a SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in China

Although many countries have controlled the pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) through strict management, there are still many countries with record-breaking numbers of new cases. Therefore, it is very important to develop a vaccine that can cause wide cross reactivity in clinical trials. At present, more than 90 vaccines are entering clinical trials and progressing smoothly, including inactivated vaccines, adenovirus-vectored vaccines and other types of vaccines. Here, we review and summarize the efficacy and potential threats of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. We reviewed whole-virus vaccines, adenovirus-subunit vaccines and recombinant protein vaccines and discussed the positive and negative consequences of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. However, there are still heated debates on the mechanism, effectiveness, and breadth of protection. In conclusion, this study can predict the risk of new coronavirus outbreaks in the future by discussing the research and development status of new coronavirus vaccines in China and other countries. Looking to the future, it is important to mine the large amount of data generated in clinical trials of universal new coronavirus vaccines to ensure that these vaccine programs are equally useful in the face of new coronavirus mutations.

Lipocalin-2在肺癌患者血清中的表达及其临床意义

背景与目的肺癌是全球发病率最高的癌症类型,严重威胁着人类健康。肺癌的早期诊断、早期治疗对于肺癌患者的生存尤为重要。血清中的肿瘤标志物作为肿瘤早期诊断的一种重要方法已被广泛应用。然而,肺癌的早期诊断标志物还很少。本研究旨在探讨Lipocalin-2在肺癌患者血清中的表达水平及其临床意义。方法采用酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测Lipocalin-2在60例肺癌患者与63例健康人群外周血血清中的浓度,并分析Lipocalin-2表达水平与肺癌临床特征之间的关系。结果Lipocalin-2在肺癌患者外周血血清中的表达水平明显高于健康人群,差异具有明显统计学意义(P<0.001)。Lipocalin-2在肺癌患者中的表达与病理组织的分化、分期及淋巴结转移相关,差异具有明显统计学意义(P<0.05)。Lipocalin-2在病理分化差的肺癌患者血清中的表达高于分化良好患者;在发生淋巴结转移的肺癌患者血清中的表达高于没有发生淋巴结转移患者;在临床Ⅲ期+Ⅳ期肺癌患者中的表达水平显著高于临床Ⅰ期+Ⅱ期患者;差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论Lipocalin-2在肺癌患者血清水平中高表达,与病理组织的分化、分期及淋巴结转移相关,有望成为一种潜在的用于临床诊断的新型肺癌肿瘤标志物。

Ultrafine red phosphorus confined in reasonably designed pitch-based carbon matrix built of well-interconnected carbon nanosheets for high-performance lithium and potassium storage

Red phosphorus has been well-recognized as promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)and potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)due to its extremely high theoretical capacity and low cost.However,the huge volume change and poor electric conductivity severely limit its further practical application.Herein,the nanoscale ultrafine red phosphorus has been successfully confined in a three-dimensional pitch-based porous carbon skeleton composed of well-interconnected carbon nanosheets through the vaporization-condensation method.Except for the traditional requirement of high electric conductivity and stable mechanical stability,the micropores and small mesopores in the porous carbon matrix centered at 1 to 3 nm and the abundant amount of oxygen-containing functional groups are also beneficial for the high loading and dispersion of red phosphorus.As anode for LIBs,the composite exhibits high reversible discharge capacities of 968 mAh g^(-1),excellent rate capabilities of 593 mAh g^(-1)at 2 A g^(-1),and long cycle performance of 557 mAh g^(-1)at 2 A g^(-1).More impressively,as the anode for PIBs,the composite presents a high reversible capacity of 661 mAh g^(-1)and a stable capacity of 312 mAh g^(-1)at 0.5 A g^(-1)for 500 cycles with a capacity retention up to 84.3%.This work not only sheds light on the structure design of carbon hosts with specific pore structure but also open an avenue for high value-added utilization of coal tar pitch.

胃癌组织中Versican与WTAP的表达及其对术后复发或转移的影响研究

目的探讨胃癌组织中Versican与成肾细胞瘤1-结合蛋白(WTAP)的表达及其对术后复发或转移的影响。方法选取2016年4月—2018年11月淮安市第一人民医院分院收治101例胃癌患者。患者均行手术切除,术后随访3年。采用免疫组织化学法检测癌组织、癌旁组织中Versican和WTAP的表达,分析癌组织中Versican和WTAP表达情况与临床病理特征的关系,分析影响胃癌患者术后复发转移的因素,Kapaln-Meier法绘制生存曲线,比较Versican和WTAP阳性表达与阴性表达患者的无病生存率。结果癌组织Versican与WTAP阳性表达率高于癌旁组织(P<0.05)。低分化、肿瘤分期为Ⅲ期、突破浆膜、淋巴结转移的胃癌患者癌组织Versican、WTAP阳性表达率分别高于中、高分化,Ⅰ或Ⅱ期,未突破浆膜,无淋巴结转移患者(P<0.05)。单因素分析显示:病理分级、肿瘤分期、浸润深度、淋巴结转移、Versican阳性、WTAP阳性是影响胃癌患者术后复发转移的影响因素(P<0.05)。多因素Cox回归分析结果显示:病理分级[RR=4.943(95%CI:2.034,12.013)]、肿瘤分期[RR=5.058(95%CI:2.081,12.293)]、淋巴结转移[RR=3.991(95 CI:1.642,9.699)]、Versican阳性表达[RR=4.263(95%CI:1.754,10.361)]和WTAP阳性表达[RR=5.038(95%CI:2.073,12.244)]是影响胃癌患者术后复发转移的独立因素(P<0.05)。Versican、WTAP阳性表达患者与阴性表达患者的无病生存率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论胃癌患者癌组织中Versican及WTAP蛋白表达与临床病理特征及预后有关,Versican、WTAP阳性表达患者术后复发转移风险高。

Research on Vector Road Data Matching Method Based on Deep Learning

Most of the existing vector data matching methods use traditional feature geometry attribute features to match, however, many of the similarity indicators are not suitable for cross-scale data, resulting in less accuracy in identifying objects. In order to solve this problem effectively, a deep learning model for vector road data matching is proposed based on siamese neural network and VGG16 convolutional neural network, and matching experiments are carried out. Experimental results show that the proposed vector road data matching model can achieve an accuracy of more than 90% under certain data support and threshold conditions.

胰岛素治疗与2型糖尿病患者视网膜病变的关系

目的:探讨胰岛素治疗与2型糖尿病视网膜病变的关系。方法:收集2016-06/2018-01于我院内分泌科住院的2型糖尿病患者415例830眼。根据不同降糖用药、眼底造影检查结果、胰岛素用量分别进行分组,收集各组患者一般资料,采集清晨空腹静脉血,测量空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹C肽等指标。分析不同用药和不同视网膜病变组间患者空腹血糖、HbA1c、空腹C肽的变化以及胰岛素用量和糖尿病视网膜病变的相关关系。结果:不同用药组间糖尿病视网膜病变程度不同,不同视网膜病变组间患者的胰岛素用量不同(P<0.05),2型糖尿病患者并发视网膜病变的胰岛素用量切点值为37.5U/d。胰岛素用量>37.5U/d组中2型糖尿病患者的视网膜病变较多,且胰岛素用量与2型糖尿病患者视网膜病变程度呈正相关。结论:不同降糖治疗对糖尿病视网膜病变的影响不同,使用胰岛素治疗与2型糖尿病性视网膜病变的发病及严重程度呈正相关。

Significant value of 18F-FDG-PET/CT in diagnosing small cervical lymph node metastases in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy

Background: Little is known about the nature of metaistasis to small cervical lymph nodes(SCLNS) in the patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)examined by using 18-fluoro-2-deoxy-glucose(^(18)F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography(PET/CT).The present study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic values of PET/CT in identifying metastasis in SCLNs in NPC patients.Methods: Magnetic resonance images(MRI) and PET/CT scans for 470 patients with newly diagnosed, non-distant metastatic NPC were analyzed. Metastatic rates of SCLNs were defined by the positive number of SCLNs on PET/CT scans and total number of SCLNs on MRI scans. Receiver operating characteristic curve was applied to compare PET/CT-determined stage with MRI-determined stage.Results: In total, 2082 SCLNs were identified, with 808(38.8%) ≥ 5 and < 6 mm in diameter(group A), 526(25.3%)≥ 6 and < 7 mm in diameter(group B),374(18.0%)≥ 7 and < 8 mm in diameter(group C), 237(11.4%) ≥8 and<9 mm in diameter(group D),and 137(6.5%) ≥ 9 and <10 mm in diameter(group E).The overall metastatic rates examined by using PET/CT for groups A, B,C,D, and E were 3.5%, 8.0%, 31.3%, 60.0%, and 83.9%, respectively(P< 0.001). In level IV/Vb, the metastatic rate for nodes ≥ 8 mm was 84.6%. PET/CT examination resulted in modification of N category and overall stage for 135(28.7%) and 46(9.8%) patients, respectively. The areas under curve of MRIdetermined and PET/CT-determined overall stage were 0.659 and 0.704 for predicting overall survival, 0.661 and 0.711 for predicting distant metastasis-free survival, and 0.636 and 0.663 for predicting disease-free survival.Conclusions: PET/CT was more effective than MRI in identifying metastatic SCLNs, and the radiologic diagnostic criteria for metastatic lymph nodes in level IV/Vb should be re-defined.

Prognostic factors and failure patterns in non-metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma after intensity-modulated radiotherapy

Background: The prognostic values of staging parameters require continual re?assessment amid changes in diag?nostic and therapeutic methods. This study aimed to identify the prognostic factors and failure patterns of non?meta?static nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) in the intensity?modulated radiotherapy(IMRT) era.Methods: We reviewed the data from 749 patients with newly diagnosed, biopsy?proven, non?metastatic NPC in our cancer center(South China, an NPC endemic area) between January 2003 and December 2007. All patients under?went magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) before receiving IMRT. The actuarial survival rates were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method, and survival curves were compared using the log?rank test. Multivariate analyses with the Cox proportional hazards model were used to test for the independent prognostic factors by backward eliminating insigniicant explanatory variables.Results: The 5?year occurrence rates of local failure, regional failure, locoregional failure, and distant failure were 5.4, 3.0, 7.4, and 17.4%, respectively. The 5?year survival rates were as follows: local relapse?free survival, 94.6%; nodal relapse?free survival, 97.0%; distant metastasis?free survival, 82.6%; disease?free survival, 75.1%; and overall survival, 82.0%. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that orbit involvement was the only signiicant prognostic fac?tor for local failure(P = 0.011). Parapharyngeal tumor extension, retropharyngeal lymph node involvement, and the laterality, longest diameter, and Ho's location of the cervical lymph nodes were signiicant prognostic factors for both distant failure and disease failure(all P < 0.05). Intracranial extension had signiicant prognostic value for distant failure(P = 0.040).Conclusions: The key failure pattern for NPC was distant metastasis in the IMRT era. With changes in diagnostic and therapeutic technologies as well as treatment modalities, the signiicant prognostic parameters for local control have also been altered substantially.