Effects of Health Education with Problem-Based Learning Approaches on the Knowledge, Attitude, Practice and Coping Skills of Women with High-Risk Pregnancies in Plateau Areas

Objective: Given the unique cultural background, way of life, and physical environment of the Tibetan Plateau, this study aims to investigate the effects of health education using problem-based learning (PBL) approaches on the knowledge, attitude, practice, and coping skills of women with high-risk pregnancies in this region. Methods: 76 high-risk pregnancy cases were enrolled at Tibet’s Linzhi People’s Hospital between September 2023 and April 2024. 30 patients admitted between September 2023 and December 2023 were selected as the control group and were performed with regular patient education. 46 patients admitted between January 2024 and April 2024 were selected as the observation group and were performed regular patient education with problem-based learning approaches. Two groups’ performance on their health knowledge, attitude, practice and coping skills before and after interventions were evaluated, and patient satisfaction were measured at the end of the study. Results: There was no statistical significance (P P P Conclusions: Health education with problem-based learning approaches is worth promoting as it can help high-risk pregnant women in plateau areas develop better health knowledge, attitude and practice and healthier coping skills. Also, it can improve patient sanctification.

Application of Patient Simulators Combined with Internet plus Scenario Simulation Teaching Models on Intravenous Infusion Nursing Education in China

Objective: To explore the effectiveness of applying patient simulators combined with Internet Plus scenario simulation teaching models on intravenous (IV) infusion nursing education, and to provide scientific evidence for the implementation of advanced teaching models in future nursing education. Methods: Enrolled 60 nurses who took the IV infusion therapy training program in our hospital from January 2022 to December 2023 for research. 30 nurses who were trained in traditional teaching models from January to December 2022 were selected as the control group, and 30 nurses who were trained with simulation-based teaching models with methods including simulated patients, internet, online meetings which can be replayed and scenario simulation, etc. from January to December 2023 were selected as the experimental group. Evaluated the learning outcomes based on the Competency Inventory for Nursing Students (CINS), Problem-Solving Inventory (PSI), comprehensive learning ability, scientific research ability, and proficiency in the theoretical knowledge and practical skills of IV infusion therapy. Nursing quality, the incidence of IV infusion therapy complications and nurse satisfaction with different teaching models were also measured. Results: The scientific research ability, PSI scores, CINS scores, and comprehensive learning ability of the experimental group were better than those of the control group (P 0.05), and their assessment results of practical skills, nursing quality of IV infusion therapy during training, and satisfaction with teaching models were all better than those of the control group with statistical significance (P < 0.05). The incidence of IV infusion therapy complications in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group, indicating statistical significance (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Teaching models based on patient simulators combined with Internet Plus scenario simulation enable nursing students to learn more directly and practice at any time and in any place, and can improve their proficiency in IV infusion theoretical knowledge and skills (e.g. PICC catheterization), core competencies, problem-solving ability, comprehensive learning ability, scientific research ability and the ability to deal with complicated cases. Also, it helps provide high-quality nursing education, improve the nursing quality of IV therapy, reduce the incidence of related complications, and ensure the safety of patients with IV therapy.

中小学心理健康教育数字化平台建设评价标准的构建

科学建设心理健康教育数字化平台,是统筹推进心理健康教育与数字化技术深度融合、引领新时代学校心理健康教育服务高质量发展的关键一环。浙江省儿童青少年心理健康与危机干预智能实验室通过近二十年建设过程与实践探索,在浙江省各区县心理健康教育数字化实践中提炼形成《中小学心理健康教育数字化平台建设评价标准》,提出十一条评价标准,包括安全性隐私保护、基础性理论支持、无感化数据采集、精准化算法运行、自动化预警提示、自适应辨识调整、成长性科学研究、跨部门协同保障、丰富的课程资源、个性化智能推送、闭环式系统服务。旨在多维、全面地为数字化平台高质量建设提供参照体系,实现数字化平台建设的科学性、安全性、智能性,助力数字化心理健康教育服务高质量建设。

植物免疫诱抗剂对大豆苗期生长的影响

植物免疫诱抗剂具有诱导植物抗性和促进生长的作用,为比较8个不同植物免疫诱抗剂处理对大豆幼苗生长的影响差异,以浙鲜19为试验材料,对大豆幼苗的出苗率、株高、根长、叶长、叶宽、生物量等生物性状及叶片叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性等理化指标进行了测定。结果表明:不同植物免疫诱抗剂处理对大豆幼苗的生长表现各异,喷施海藻肥处理(HZF)可以增加出苗率、株高、鲜重生物量等指标,保康灵(BKL-2)处理对干重生物量的提高最为显著,达到1.91 g,喷施芸苔素内酯处理(YCS)可以明显增加大豆叶片SPAD值。所有处理中BKL-2处理的PPO和PAL活性相对于CK均有提高,分别提高41.18%和16.14%。BKL-2处理浓度4 g·L^(-1)的效果优于2和6 g·L^(-1)。BKL-2、HZF和MLT处理对大豆幼苗有明显的促生长作用,建议可在大豆生产上应用。

二氢杨梅素对运动性骨骼肌损伤的保护作用及机制研究

目的探讨二氢杨梅素(dihydromyricetin,DHM)对运动训练后小鼠骨骼肌损伤的保护作用及潜在机制。方法将成年雄性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为安静对照组(CG)、运动组(EG)、二氢杨梅素(100mg/kg·d)+运动组(DHM组)。干预期4周,同时进行运动训练,每天1小时。训练结束后的次日,EG组和DHM组进行一次坡度为0、速度为18 m/min、持续90 min的跑台运动。运动结束后24小时按组别取材,测定血清肌酸激酶(creatine kinase,CK)、乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)和总超氧化物歧化酶(total superoxide dismutase,T-SOD)活性、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量和骨骼肌线粒体酶复合体Ⅰ和Ⅱ的活性,观察骨骼肌病理学组织形态变化。免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测线粒体功能相关通路的蛋白表达。结果与EG组相比,DHM组小鼠骨骼肌形态改变和线粒体损伤明显减轻。DHM显著抑制了运动后骨骼肌损伤的标志物CK和LDH及脂质过氧化水平,提高了骨骼肌T-SOD活性。Western blot结果显示,DHM显著增加小鼠骨骼肌沉默调节蛋白3(SIRT3)、雌激素相关受体α(EERα)和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-γ共激活因子-1α(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha,PGC-1α)的表达。结论DHM有助于减轻小鼠运动性骨骼肌损伤,其机制可能是DHM可激活肌肉SIRT3信号通路,促进大强度运动后骨骼肌线粒体结构和功能的恢复。

Highly Aligned Graphene Aerogels for Multifunctional Composites

Stemming from the unique in-plane honeycomb lattice structure and the sp^(2)hybridized carbon atoms bonded by exceptionally strong carbon–carbon bonds,graphene exhibits remarkable anisotropic electrical,mechanical,and thermal properties.To maximize the utilization of graphene’s in-plane properties,pre-constructed and aligned structures,such as oriented aerogels,films,and fibers,have been designed.The unique combination of aligned structure,high surface area,excellent electrical conductivity,mechanical stability,thermal conductivity,and porous nature of highly aligned graphene aerogels allows for tailored and enhanced performance in specific directions,enabling advancements in diverse fields.This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in highly aligned graphene aerogels and their composites.It highlights the fabrication methods of aligned graphene aerogels and the optimization of alignment which can be estimated both qualitatively and quantitatively.The oriented scaffolds endow graphene aerogels and their composites with anisotropic properties,showing enhanced electrical,mechanical,and thermal properties along the alignment at the sacrifice of the perpendicular direction.This review showcases remarkable properties and applications of aligned graphene aerogels and their composites,such as their suitability for electronics,environmental applications,thermal management,and energy storage.Challenges and potential opportunities are proposed to offer new insights into prospects of this material.

Development of a new cerebral ischemia reperfusion model of Mongolian gerbils and standardized evaluation system

Background:The Mongolian gerbil is an excellent laboratory animal for preparing the cerebral ischemia model due to its inherent deficiency in the circle of Willis.However,the low incidence and unpredictability of symptoms are caused by numerous complex variant types of the circle.Additionally,the lack of an evaluation system for the cer-ebral ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)model of gerbils has shackled the application of this model.Methods:We created a symptom-oriented principle and detailed neurobehavioral scoring criteria.At different time points of reperfusion,we analyzed the alteration in locomotion by rotarod test and grip force score,infarct volume by triphenyltetrazo-lium chloride(TTC)staining,neuron loss using Nissl staining,and histological charac-teristics using hematoxylin-eosin(H&E)straining.Results:With a successful model rate of 56%,32 of the 57 gerbils operated by our method harbored typical features of cerebral I/R injury,and the mortality rate in the male gerbils was significantly higher than that in the female gerbils.The suc-cessfully prepared I/R gerbils demonstrated a significant reduction in motility and grip strength at 1 day after reperfusion;formed obvious infarction;exhibited typi-cal pathological features,such as tissue edema,neuronal atrophy and death,and vacuolated structures;and were partially recovered with the extension of reperfu-sion time.Conclusion:This study developed a new method for the unilateral common carotid artery ligation I/R model of gerbil and established a standardized evaluation system for this model,which could provide a new cerebral I/R model of gerbils with more practical applications.

Investigation of the epidemiology,pathogenicity and immunogenicity of Bordetella bronchiseptica isolated from cats and dogs in China from 2021 to 2023

Bordetella bronchiseptica(Bb)is recognized as a leading cause of respiratory diseases in dogs and cats.However,epidemiological data on Bb in dogs and cats in China are still limited,and there is no commercially available vaccine.Live vaccines containing Bb that are widely used abroad are generally efective but can establish latency and potentially reactivate to cause illness in some immunodefcient vaccinated recipients,raising safety concerns.In this study,34 canine-derived and two feline-derived Bb strains were isolated from 1809 canine and 113 feline nasopharyngeal swab samples collected from eight provinces in China from 2021 to 2023.The PCR results showed that the percentage of positive Bb was 22.94%(441/1922),and more than 90%of the Bb isolates had four virulence factor-encoding genes(VFGs),namely,fhaB,prn,betA and dnt.All the isolated strains displayed a multidrug-resistant phenotype.The virulence of 10 Bb strains isolated from dogs with respiratory symptoms was tested in mice,and we found that eight isolates were highly virulent.Furthermore,the eight Bb isolates with high virulence were inactivated and intramuscularly injected into mice,and three Bb strains(WH1218,WH1203 and WH1224)with the best protective efcacy were selected.Dogs immunized with these three strains exhibited strong protection against challenge with the Bb feld strain WH1218.Ultimately,the WH1218 strain with the greatest protection in dogs was selected as the vaccine candidate.Dogs and cats that received a vaccine containing 109 CFU of the inactivated WH1218 strain showed complete protection against challenge with the Bb feld strain WH1218.This study revealed that Bb is an important pathogen that causes respiratory diseases in domestic dogs and cats in China,and all the isolates exhibited multidrug resistance.The present work contributes to the current understanding of the prevalence,antimicrobial resistance,and virulence genes of Bb in domestic dogs and cats.Additionally,our results suggest that the WH1218 strain is a promising candidate safe and efcacious inactivated Bb vaccine.

Utlra-fast hydrolysis performance of MgH_(2) catalyzed by Ti-Zr-Fe-Mn-Cr-V high-entropy alloys

Hydrogen energy is one of the ideal energy alternatives and the upstream of the hydrogen industry chain is hydrogen production,which can be achieved via the reaction of inorganic materials with water,known as hydrolysis.Among inorganic materials,the high hydrogen capacity for hydrolysis of MgH_(2)(15.2 wt%)makes it a promising material for hydrogen production via hydrolysis.However,the dense Mg(OH)_(2) passivation layer will block the reaction between MgH_(2) and the solution,resulting in low hydrogen yield and sluggish hydrolysis kinetics.In this work,the hydrogenyield and hydrogen generation rate of MgH_(2) are considerably enhanced by adding Ti-Zr-Fe-Mn-Cr-V high-entropy alloys(HEAs) for the first time.In particular.the MgH_(2)-3 wt% TiZrFe_(1.5)MnCrV_(0.5)(labelled as MgH_(2)-3 wt% Fe_(1.5)) composite releases 1526.70 mL/g H_(2) within 5 min at 40℃,and the final hydrolysis conversion rate reaches 95.62% within 10 min.The mean hydrogen generation rate of the MgH_(2)-3 wt% Fe_(1.5) composite is 289.16 mL/g/min,which is 2.38 times faster than that of pure MgH_(2).Meanwhile,the activation energy of the MgH_(2)-3 wt% Fe_(1.5) composite is calculated to be 12.53 kJ/mol. The density functional theory(DFT) calculation reveals that the addition of HEAs weakens the Mg-H bonds and accelerates the electron transfer between MgH_(2) and HEAs,Combined with the cocktail effect of HEAs as well as the formation of more interfaces and micro protocells,the hydrolysis performance of MgH_(2) is considerably improved.This work provides an appealing prospect for real-time hydrogen supply and offers a new effective strategy for improving the hydrolysis performance of MgH_(2).

Genome wide association analysis identifies candidate genes for fruit quality and yield in Actinidia eriantha

Quality and yield are the primary concerns in kiwifruit breeding,but research on the genetic mechanisms of fruit size,shape,and ascorbic acid(ASA)content is currently very limited,which restricts the development of kiwifruit molecular breeding.In this study,we obtained a total of 8.88 million highly reliable single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)markers from 140 individuals from the natural hybrid offspring of Actinidia eriantha cv.‘White’using whole genome resequencing technology.A genome-wide association study was conducted on eight key agronomic traits,including single fruit weight,fruit shape,ASA content,and the number of inflorescences per branch.A total of 59 genetic loci containing potential functional genes were located,and candidate genes related to single fruit weight,fruit length,ASA content,number of inflorescences per branch and other traits were identified within the candidate interval,such as AeWUSCHEL,AeCDK1(cell cycle dependent kinase),AeAO1(ascorbic oxidase)and AeCO1(CONSTANS-like 4).After constructing an RNAi vector for AeAO1 and injecting it into the fruit of cv.‘Midao 31’to interfere with the expression of the AeAO1 gene,the results showed that the activity of ascorbic oxidase in the fruit of‘Midao 31’significantly decreased,while the content of ASA significantly increased.This study provides valuable insights into the genetic basis of variation in A.eriantha fruit traits,which may benefit molecular marker-assisted breeding efforts.

Configuring single-layer MXene nanosheet onto natural wood fiber via C-Ti-C covalent bonds for high-stability Li-S batteries

Lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)are considered promising candidates for next-generation battery technologies owing to their outstanding theoretical energy density and cost-effectiveness.However,the low conductivity and polysulfide shuttling effect of S cathodes severely hamper the practical performance of LSBs.Herein,in situ-generated single layer MXene nanosheet/hierarchical porous carbonized wood fiber(MX/PCWF)composites are prepared via a nonhazardous eutectic activation strategy coupled with pyrolysis-induced gas diffusion.The unique architecture,wherein single layer MXene nanosheets are constructed on carbonized wood fiber walls,ensures rapid polysulfide conversion and continuous electron transfer for redox reactions.The C-Ti-C bonds formed between MXene and PCWF can considerably expedite the conversion of polysulfides,effectively suppressing the shuttle effect.An impressive capacity of 1301.1 m A h g^(-1)at 0.5 C accompanied by remarkable stability is attained with the MX/PCWF host,as evidenced by the capacity maintenance of 722.6 m A h g^(-1)after 500 cycles.Notably,the MX/PCWF/S cathode can still deliver a high capacity of 886.8 m A h g^(-1)at a high S loading of 5.6 mg cm^(-2).The construction of two-dimensional MXenes on natural wood fiber walls offers a competitive edge over S-based cathode materials and demonstrates a novel strategy for developing high-performance batteries.

Bandgap adjustment of a sandwich-like acoustic metamaterial plate with a frequency-displacement feedback control method

Several types of acoustic metamaterials composed of resonant units have been developed to achieve low-frequency bandgaps.In most of these structures,bandgaps are determined by their geometric configurations and material properties.This paper presents a frequency-displacement feedback control method for vibration suppression in a sandwich-like acoustic metamaterial plate.The band structure is theoretically derived using the Hamilton principle and validated by comparing the theoretical calculation results with the finite element simulation results.In this method,the feedback voltage is related to the displacement of a resonator and the excitation frequency.By applying a feedback voltage on the piezoelectric fiber-reinforced composite(PFRC)layers attached to a cantilever-mass resonator,the natural frequency of the resonator can be adjusted.It ensures that the bandgap moves in a frequency-dependent manner to keep the excitation frequency within the bandgap.Based on this frequency-displacement feedback control strategy,the bandgap of the metamaterial plate can be effectively adjusted,and the vibration of the metamaterial plate can be significantly suppressed.

Targeting colorectal cancer with Herba Patriniae and Coix seed:Network pharmacology,molecular docking,and in vitro validation

BACKGROUND Herba Patriniae and Coix seed(HC)constitute a widely utilized drug combination in the clinical management of colorectal cancer(CRC)that is known for its diuretic,anti-inflammatory,and swelling-reducing properties.Although its efficacy has been demonstrated in a clinical setting,the active compounds and their mechanisms of action in CRC treatment remain to be fully elucidated.AIM To identify the active,CRC-targeting components of HC and to elucidate the mechanisms of action involved.METHODS Active HC components were identified and screened using databases.Targets for each component were predicted.CRC-related targets were obtained from human gene databases.Interaction targets between HC and CRC were identified.A“drug-ingredient-target”network was created to identify the core components and targets involved.Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)analyses were conducted to elucidate the key pathways involved.Molecular docking between core targets and key components was executed.In vitro experiments validated core monomers.RESULTS Nineteen active components of HC were identified,with acacetin as the primary active compound.The predictive analysis identified 454 targets of the active compounds in HC.Intersection mapping with 2685 CRC-related targets yielded 171 intervention targets,including 30 core targets.GO and KEGG analyses indicated that HC may influence the phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway.Molecular docking showed that acacetin exhibited an optimal interaction with AKT1,identifying PI3K,AKT,and P53 as key genes likely targeted by HC during CRC treatment.Acacetin inhibited HT-29 cell proliferation and migration,as well as promoted apoptosis,in vitro.Western blotting analysis revealed increased p53 and cleaved caspase-3 expression and decreased levels of p-PI3K,p-Akt,and survivin,which likely contributed to CRC apoptosis.CONCLUSION Acacetin,the principal active compound in the HC pair,inhibited the proliferation and migration of HT-29 cells and promoted apoptosis through the PI3K/Akt/p53 signaling pathway.

Effects of comprehensive nursing with cognitive behavioral therapy in orthodontic osteodilated arch treatment

BACKGROUND This work explored the effects of cognitive behavior therapy(CBT)-based comprehensive nursing intervention(CNI)mode in arch expansion to treat patients with orthodontic osteodilated arch(OOA).AIM To explore the application effect of CBT-based CNI model in orthodontic expansion arch treatment.METHODS Using convenient sampling method,81 patients with OOA were selected and rolled into a control group(Ctrl group,40 cases)and an observation group(Obs group,41 cases).During the treatment,patients in the Ctrl group received routine nursing intervention mode,and the those in the Obs group received CBT mode on the basis of this.Before and after intervention,the incidence of oral mucositis,the mastery rate of correct arch expansion method,self-rating anxiety scale score,soft scale index,and plaque index were compared for patients in different groups.In addition,satisfaction and complications were comparatively analyzed.RESULTS Incidence of oral mucositis in the Obs group was lower(14.6%vs 38.5%),and the mastery rate of correct arch expansion method was obviously higher(90.2%vs 55.0%)was obviously higher(all P<0.05).Meanwhile,the soft scale index and plaque index in the Obs group were much lower(P<0.05).The compliance(90.24%)and satisfaction(95.12%)in the Obs group were greatly higher(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The CBT-based CNI mode greatly improved the mastery rate of correct arch expansion method during arch expansion in treating patients with OOA and enhanced the therapeutic effect of arch expansion and the oral health of patients,improving the patient compliance.

Key technology and application of AB_(2) hydrogen storage alloy in fuel cell hydrogen supply system

At present,there is limited research on the application of fuel cell power generation system technology using solid hydrogen storage materials,especially in hydrogen-assisted two-wheelers.Considering the disadvantages of low hydrogen storage capacity and poor kinetics of hydrogen storage materials,our primary focus is to achieve smooth hydrogen ab-/desorption over a wide temperature range to meet the requirements of fuel cells and their integrated power generation systems.In this paper,the Ti_(0.9)Zr_(0.1)Mn_(1.45)V_(0.4)Fe_(0.15) hydrogen storage alloy was successfully prepared by arc melting.The maximum hydrogen storage capacity reaches 1.89 wt% at 318 K.The alloy has the capability to absorb 90% of hydrogen storage capacity within 50 s at 7 MPa and release 90% of hydrogen within 220 s.Comsol Multiphysics 6.0 software was used to simulate the hydrogen ab-/desorption processes of the tank.The flow rate of cooling water during hydrogen absorption varied in a gradient of(0.02 t x)m s^(-1)(x=0,0.02,0.04,0.06,0.08,0.1,0.12).Cooling water flow rate is positively correlated with the hydrogen absorption rate but negatively correlated with the cost.When the cooling rate is 0.06 m s^(-1),both simulation and experimentation have shown that the hydrogen storage tank is capable of steady hydrogen desorption for over 6 h at a flow rate of 2 L min^(-1).Based on the above conclusions,we have successfully developed a hydrogen-assisted two-wheeler with a range of 80 km and achieved regional demonstration operations in Changzhou and Shaoguan.This paper highlights the achievements of our team in the technological development of fuel cell power generation systems using solid hydrogen storage materials as hydrogen storage carriers and their application in twowheelers in recent years.

Effect of Different Drying Methods on the Volatile Compounds Jinmudan Oolong Tea

Jinmudan,a new tea variety from Fujian Province has an excellent quality with a unique aroma like magnolia frogrance.To monitor the changes in the tea volatile compounds during the Jinmudan Oolong tea manufacturing(drying) process,the volatiles of tea samples were extracted and analyzed.Characteristic volatile compounds in Jinmudan Oolong tea were nerolidol,α-farnesene,linolenic acid,palmitic acid,indole,phenylacetaldehyde,cisjasmone,β-phenylethanol,etc.The content of nerolidol was the highest in four tested samples.The composition of the volatile compounds in microwave drying sample was simple,but its concentration was high,in which the main volatile compounds were alcohols and esters.The processing with combination of traditional drying craft and modern aroma-improvement technique could obviously improve the tea aroma,especially in level of epoxy linalool and jasmine lactone.

以问题为导向的健康教育对高危孕妇健康知信行及应对方式的影响

目的探讨以问题为导向的健康教育对高危孕妇健康知信行及应对方式的影响。方法选择2021年10月—2022年10月本中心收集的高危孕妇92例,根据就诊日期进行分组,其中2021年10月—2022年3月收治的46例高危孕妇设为对照组,行常规护理教育,2022年4月—2022年10月收治的46例高危孕妇设为观察组,在常规护理教育的基础上加以问题为导向(PBL)的健康教育模式,对两组健康知信行评分、应对方式评分、护理满意度进行分析。结果两组孕妇干预前的健康知识、信念、行为评分无明显差异(P>0.05),观察组干预后上述评分明显较对照组高(P<0.05);两组干预前的应对方式评分无明显差异(P>0.05),观察组干预后应对方式与对照组比较有明显差异(P<0.05);观察组护理满意度,较对照组高(P<0.05)。结论以问题为导向的健康教育可使高危孕妇健康知信行提高,纠正其应对方式,还可提高孕妇护理满意度,值得推广。

广东工业大学应用化学专业电子化学品特色方向建设与实践

经历新工科背景下的内涵式发展与特色建设,广东工业大学应用化学专业以粤港澳大湾区行业需求为导向,不断深化产教融合、校企合作、协同育人等多层次、多样化的复合型人才培养模式,形成了鲜明的专业特色优势。本文将从应用化学专业电子化学品方向的人才培养、产教融合等方面梳理归纳本专业特色方向建设的举措与成效。

基于科教融合培养大学生拔尖创新能力的表观遗传学综合实验课程

科教融合是高校培养拔尖创新人才的有效途径。表观遗传学是对经典遗传学的拓展,针对本校拔尖人才培养体系中表观遗传学实验内容的缺失,我们首次进行了表观遗传学科教融合、协同育人的尝试,将本实验室前期在水稻中开展的OsMET1-2基因的研究成果进行实验教学转化,建成了一个集前沿性、研究型和创新性为一体,以学生独立实验为中心,考核方式多元化的表观遗传学综合实验课程。本课程以OsMET1-2基因突变体和野生型为实验材料,将表观遗传上游酶促基因突变与基因组内特定位点的DNA甲基化和基因组稳定性联系起来。通过本课程的实践,学生对表观遗传修饰的重要作用有了更深刻理解,科研能力得到极大提升,强力支撑了本专业拔尖创新人才的培养。

Telomere-to-telomere and gap-free reference genome assembly of the kiwifruit Actinidia chinensis

Kiwifruit is an economically and nutritionally important fruit crop with extremely high contents of vitamin C.However,the previously released versions of kiwifruit genomes all have a mass of unanchored or missing regions.Here,we report a highly continuous and completely gap-free reference genome of Actinidia chinensis cv.‘Hongyang’,named Hongyang v4.0,which is the first to achieve two de novo haploid-resolved haplotypes,HY4P and HY4A.HY4P and HY4A have a total length of 606.1 and 599.6 Mb,respectively,with almost the entire telomeres and centromeres assembled in each haplotype.In comparison with Hongyang v3.0,the integrity and contiguity of Hongyang v4.0 is markedly improved by filling all unclosed gaps and correcting some misoriented regions,resulting in∼38.6–39.5 Mb extra sequences,which might affect 4263 and 4244 protein-coding genes in HY4P and HY4A,respectively.Furthermore,our gap-free genome assembly provides the first clue for inspecting the structure and function of centromeres.Globally,centromeric regions are characterized by higher-order repeats that mainly consist of a 153-bp conserved centromere-specific monomer(Ach-CEN153)with different copy numbers among chromosomes.Functional enrichment analysis of the genes located within centromeric regions demonstrates that chromosome centromeres may not only play physical roles for linking a pair of sister chromatids,but also have genetic features for participation in the regulation of cell division.The availability of the telomere-to-telomere and gap-free Hongyang v4.0 reference genome lays a solid foundation not only for illustrating genome structure and functional genomics studies but also for facilitating kiwifruit breeding and improvement.