Unlocking the novel activation mechanism of human IL-18

Interleukin(IL)-18,a member of the IL-1 family,is commonly known as an interferon-γinducer and is expressed in both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells,such as intestinal epithelial cells,keratinocytes,and endothelial cells.In the immune system,the mature IL-18 plays a critical role in eliminating tumors and infectious agents by activating NK cells and T-lymphocytes,and by synergizing with other cytokines like IL-12 and IL-1βto induce inflammation[1-2].

Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasms

Primary appendiceal neoplasms represent a relatively low percentage of all gastrointestinal cancers. A subset of these neoplasms, those of epithelial origin, are characterised by the production of a considerable amount of mucus, which is referred to as appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (AMN). Appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (AMN) have a low incidence, are easily misdiagnosed, depend on postoperative examination for confirmation of the diagnosis, are prone to form a “diagnosis”, and have a high incidence of the disease. Furthermore, they are prone to form peritoneal pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP), are controversial in surgical decision-making, are prone to recurring after surgery alone, and are tricky to manage clinically. In this paper, we review the pathological characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of appendiceal mucinous tumours in the light of recent literature reports, with a view to providing certain references for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of this disease. .

Ferroptosis:Iron-mediated cell death linked to disease pathogenesis

Ferroptosis is a pattern of iron-mediated regulatory cell death characterized by oxidative damage.The molecular regulatory mechanisms are related to iron metabolism,lipid peroxidation,and glutathione metabolism.Additionally,some immunological signaling pathways,such as the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of the interferon gene axis,the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 axis,and the transforming growth factor beta 1-Smad3 axis,may also participate in the regulation of ferroptosis.Studies have shown that ferroptosis is significantly associated with many diseases such as cancer,neurodegenerative diseases,inflammatory diseases,and autoimmune diseases.Considering the pivotal role of ferroptosis-regulating signaling in the pathogenesis of diverse diseases,the development of ferroptosis inducers or inhibitors may have significant clinical potential for the treatment of aforementioned conditions.

Developmental and Liver Metabolite Changes Induced by TPhP Exposure in Brown Frog(Rana zhenhaiensis)Tadpoles

As an organophosphorus compound that frequently detected in water samples,triphenyl phosphate(TPhP)has been showed to have multiple toxicological effects on aquatic species.However,no attention has been paid to its potential impact on non-model amphibian species.Here,tadpoles of the Zhenhai brown frog(Rana zhenhaiensis)were exposed to different concentrations of TPh P(0,0.02 and 0.1 mg/L)throughout the developmental period to assess physiological and meta bolic impacts of TPh P exposure on amphibian larvae.After 30-day TPh P exposure,the developmental stage of tadpoles from the high-concentration treatment appeared to be more advanced than that from the other two treatments,but other measured traits(including body size,tail length and liver weight)did not differ among treatments.Metabolite profiles in tadpole livers based on liquid chromatographymass spectrometry(LC-MS)revealed a distinct metabolic disorder in exposed animals.Specifically,significant changes in various hepatic amino acids(such as glutamine,glutamate,valine and leucine)were observed.Overall,our results indicated that chronic TPhP exposure potentially caused developmental and hepatic physiological changes in R.zhenhaiensis tadpoles,although its impact on tadpole growth appeared to be minor.

GSDMD protects intestinal epithelial cells against bacterial infections through its N-terminal activity affecting intestinal immune homeostasis

The intestinal mucosal barrier serves as a vital guardian of the gut health,maintaining a delicate equilibrium between gut microbiota and host immune homeostasis.Gasdermin D(GSDMD),a key executioner of pyroptosis downstream of the inflammasome,has been found to play intricate roles in modulating colitis by influencing intestinal macrophages and regulating mucus secretion from goblet cells.However,the exact nature of the regulatory function of GSDMD in maintaining intestinal immune homeostasis and defending against pathogens remains to be elucidated.In the current study,by using the Citrobacter rodentium infection model,we found that GSDMD played a key role in the defense against intestinal Citrobacter rodentium infection,with high expression levels in intestinal epithelial and lamina propria myeloid cells.Our results showed that GSDMD acted specifically in intestinal epithelial cells to combat the infection,independently of its effects on antimicrobial peptides or mucin secretion.Instead,the resistance was mediated by the N-terminal fragment of GSDMD,highlighting its importance in intestinal immunity.However,the specific mechanism underlying the N-terminal activity of GSDMD in protecting against intestinal bacterial infections requires future investigation.