Tuning Li/Ni mixing by reactive coating to boost the stability of cobalt-free Ni-rich cathode

Cobalt-free cathode materials are attractive for their high capacity and low cost,yet they still encounter issues with structural and surface instability.AlPO_(4),in particular,has garnered attention as an effective stabilizer for bulk and surface.However,the impact of interfacial reactions and elemental interdiffusion between AlPO_(4) and LiNi_(0.95)Mn_(0.05)O_(2) upon sintering on the bulk and surface remains elusive.In this study,we demonstrate that during the heat treatment process,AlPO_(4) decomposes,resulting in Al doping into the bulk of the cathode through elemental interdiffusion.Simultaneously,PO_(4)^(3-)reacts with the surface Li of material to form a Li_3PO_(4) coating,inducing lithium deficiency,thereby increasing Li/Ni mixing.The suitable Li/Ni mixing,previously overlooked in AlPO_(4) modification,plays a pivotal role in stabilizing the bulk and surface,exceeding the synergy of Al doping and Li_3PO_(4) coating.The presence of Ni^(2+)ions in the lithium layers contributes to the stabilization of the delithiated structure via a structural pillar effect.Moreover,suitable Li/Ni mixing can stabilize the lattice oxygen and electrode-electrolyte interface by increasing oxygen removal energy and reducing the overlap between the Ni^(3+/4+)e_g and O^(2-)2p orbitals.These findings offer new perspectives for the design of stable cobalt-free cathode materials.

TROVE2 regulated invasion and migration of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via heparanase

Background:The role of TROVE domain family member 2(TROVE2)has been well-demonstrated in autoimmune diseases;however,its involvement in liver cancer remains unclear.Therefore,this study aimed to explore the biological function and clinical significance of TROVE2 in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods:The expression level of TROVE2 was analyzed in HCC and paired adjacent tissue samples using real-time reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction.The impact of TROVE2 on migration and invasion in HCC cells was analyzed through Transwell assays and Western blotting.High-throughput transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analyses were performed to identify downstream target genes.Back-complementation experiments were employed to verify the influence of downstream proteins on TROVE2-induced invasion and migration of HCC cells.Results:TROVE2 exhibited significant overexpression in liver cancer tissue,correlating with shorter overall survival.Overexpression of TROVE2 facilitated the invasion,metastasis,and epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)process of HCC cells,whereas TROVE2 knockdown restrained migration,invasion,and EMT in these cells.Transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis identified heparanase(HPSE)as a downstreamtarget protein of TROVE2.Subsequent back-complementation experiments provided evidence that HPSE overexpression promoted TROVE2-mediated prometastasis effects.Moreover,the study revealed that TROVE2 was capable of regulating the EMT pathway through GSK-3βphosphorylation.Conclusions:TROVE2 facilitated the invasion,migration,and EMT process ofHCC cells through phosphorylation of the HPSE/GSK-3βaxis,indicating its significance as an important protein in tumor progression.

Multimodal Identification by Transcriptomics and Multiscale Bioassays of Active Components in Xuanfeibaidu Formula to Suppress Macrophage-Mediated Immune Response

Xuanfeibaidu Formula (XFBD) is a Chinese medicine used in the clinical treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Although XFBD has exhibited significant therapeutic efficacy in clinical practice, its underlying pharmacological mechanism remains unclear. Here, we combine a comprehensive research approach that includes network pharmacology, transcriptomics, and bioassays in multiple model systems to investigate the pharmacological mechanism of XFBD and its bioactive substances. High-resolution mass spectrometry was combined with molecular networking to profile the major active substances in XFBD. A total of 104 compounds were identified or tentatively characterized, including flavonoids, terpenes, carboxylic acids, and other types of constituents. Based on the chemical composition of XFBD, a network pharmacology-based analysis identified inflammation-related pathways as primary targets. Thus, we examined the anti-inflammation activity of XFBD in a lipopolysaccharide-induced acute inflammation mice model. XFBD significantly alleviated pulmonary inflammation and decreased the level of serum proinflammatory cytokines. Transcriptomic profiling suggested that genes related to macrophage function were differently expressed after XFBD treatment. Consequently, the effects of XFBD on macrophage activation and mobilization were investigated in a macrophage cell line and a zebrafish wounding model. XFBD exerts strong inhibitory effects on both macrophage activation and migration. Moreover, through multimodal screening, we further identified the major components and compounds from the different herbs of XFBD that mediate its anti-inflammation function. Active components from XFBD, including Polygoni cuspidati Rhizoma, Phragmitis Rhizoma, and Citri grandis Exocarpium rubrum, were then found to strongly downregulate macrophage activation, and polydatin, isoliquiritin, and acteoside were identified as active compounds. Components of Artemisiae annuae Herba and Ephedrae Herba were found to substantially inhibit endogenous macrophage migration, while the presence of ephedrine, atractylenolide I, and kaempferol was attributed to these effects. In summary, our study explores the pharmacological mechanism and effective components of XFBD in inflammation regulation via multimodal approaches, and thereby provides a biological illustration of the clinical efficacy of XFBD.

老年心力衰竭住院患者衰弱风险动态诺谟图的构建及验证

目的 旨在建立一个动态在线诺谟图模型并进行验证,以预测老年心力衰竭住院患者的衰弱风险.方法 2021年12月至2022年11月,选取山东省潍坊市1所三级甲等医院心血管内科住院的451例老年心力衰竭患者为研究对象.采用Bartherl指数、工具性日常生活活动能力量表、迷你营养评估简表、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表、Morse跌倒评估量表及一般资料量表收集数据,并通过电子病历收集患者的脑钠肽和超声心动图指标.所有数据使用R软件按7:3的比例随机分为训练集(n=319)和验证集(n=132).采用最小绝对收缩和选择算子(Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator,LASSO)回归方法筛选建模变量,然后使用多变量逻辑回归建立诺谟图.采用受试者工作特征曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)、Hosmer-Lemeshow检验、校准图和决策曲线分析(decision curve analysis,DCA)评估模型性能.结果 衰弱的总体发生率为50.6%.在训练集和验证集中,衰弱发生率分别为51.4%和48.5%.LASSO回归结果显示,饮酒、握力、纽约心脏协会心功能分级、多发疾病、心力衰竭住院史、日常生活活动能力、工具性日常生活活动能力、营养状况、睡眠、跌倒风险和左心房舒张末直径为模型纳入变量.诺谟图的AUC为0.920,敏感性为86.8%,特异性为84.4%.H-L检验P值为0.742,DCA表明诺谟图具有良好的临床适用性.结论 在线动态诺谟图适用于预测老年心力衰竭住院患者的衰弱程度,可以帮助医护人员及时诊断衰弱高危人群,以减轻心力衰竭住院负担.

Watt Linkage–Based Legged Deployable Landing Mechanism for Reusable Launch Vehicle: Principle, Prototype Design, and Experimental Validation

The reusable launch vehicle (RLV) presents a new avenue for reducing cost of space transportation. The landing mechanism, which provides landing support and impact absorption, is a vital component of the RLV at final stage of recovery. This study proposes a novel legged deployable landing mechanism (LDLM) for RLV. The Watt-II six-bar mechanism is adopted to obtain the preferred configuration via the application of the linkage variation approach. To endow the proposed LDLM with advantages of large landing support region, lightweight, and reasonable linkage internal forces, a multi-objective optimization paradigm is developed. Furthermore, the optimal scale parameters for guiding the LDLM prototype design is obtained numerically using the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) evolutionary algorithm. A fully-functional scaled RLV prototype is developed by integrating the gravity-governed deploying scheme to facilitate unfolding action to avoid full-range actuation, a dual-backup locking mechanism to enhance reliability of structure stiffening as fully deployed, and a shock absorber (SA) with multistage honeycomb to offer reliable shock absorbing performance. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed LDLM is capable of providing rapid and smooth deployment (duration less than 1.5 s) with mild posture disturbance to the cabin (yaw and pitch fluctuations less than 6°). In addition, it provides satisfactory impact attenuation (acceleration peak less than 10g (g is the gravitational acceleration)) in the 0.2 m freefall test, which makes the proposed LDLM a potential alternative for developing future RLV archetype.

Strength properties and evolution laws of cracked sandstone samples in re-loading tests

To study the strength properties and evolution laws of cracked sandstone samples in re-loading tests,strength and damage evolution properties of intact sandstone samples were first analyzed through the triaxial compression tests carried on TAW-2000 microcomputer control electro-hydraulic servo rock triaxial test system.Damage evolution models were established based on dilatancy properties realizing the real-time and quantitative evaluation of samples damage state in loading process.On this basis,samples with different damage were obtained by pre-peak,peak point,post-peak and residual strength stage unloading tests in the loading process of intact samples.The characteristics of the stress-strain curves and strength evolution laws were studied through the re-loading tests of samples with different damage under different stress states.The experimental results showed that the slope of stress-strain curves,peak strength and residual strength of cracked samples increased linearly with confining pressure and decreased linearly with damage.The equivalent cohesion decreased with damage in the exponential decay curves.The mechanics properties of samples transformed from strain softening to strain hardening with damage.

Strength and deformation behaviors of veined marble specimens after vacuum heat treatment under conventional triaxial compression

The mechanical behaviors of rocks affected by high temperature and stress are generally believed to be significant for the stability of certain projects involving rocks, such as nuclear waste storage and geothermal resource exploitation. In this paper, veined marble specimens were treated to high temperature treatment and then used in conventional triaxial compression tests to investigate the effect of temperature, confining pressure, and vein angle on strength and deformation behaviors. The results show that the strength and deformation parameters of the veined marble specimens changed with the temperature, presenting a critical temperature of 600 . The triaxial compression strength of a horizontal vein () is obviously larger than that of a vertical vein (). The triaxial compression strength, elasticity modulus, and secant modulus have an approximately linear relation to the confining pressure. Finally, Mohr-Coulomb and Hoek-Brown criteria were respectively used to analyze the effect of confining pressure on triaxial compression strength.

Comprehensive profiling of Lingzhihuang capsule by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry-based molecular networking and target prediction

Objective:Lingzhihuang capsule(LZHC)is a natural product that consists of 10 commonly used medicinal plants,and it is used in traditional Chinese medicine to promote people’s overall health.Previously,LZHC was successfully used as adjuvant therapy for treating patients with cancer.However,the chemical constituents of LZHC and their potential biological functions remain unclear.The aim of this study is to investigate the major bioactive compounds in LZHC and predict their pharmacological targets.Methods:The LZHC constituents were putatively identified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with timeof-flight mass spectrometry combined with mass spectrometry-based molecular networking.The targets were predicted using SwissTargetPrediction software,and the associated gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathways were analyzed using the Database for Annotation,Visualization,and Integrated Discovery.The mass spectrometry-based molecular network and compound-target-pathway network were constructed using Cytoscape 3.8.0 software.Results:We putatively identified 94 compounds of LZHC by mass spectrometry-based molecular networking,including triterpene(the main structural type)and other clusters(ie,flavonoids and organic acids).Our results suggested that multiple pivotal targets were regulated by LZHC,including tumor necrosis factor,nitric oxide synthase 2,glucocorticoid receptor,estrogen receptor,3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase 2,prostaglandin e2 receptor ep4 subtype,estrogen receptor beta,phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform,mitogen-activated protein kinase 3,and racalpha serine,which are related to signal transduction,positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoters,oxidation-reduction processes,inflammatory responses,and other biological processes.Functional annotation of those targets suggested that several signaling pathways may be regulated by LZHC,such as cancer-related proteoglycans,the PI3K-Aktsignaling pathway,and the cAMP-signaling pathway.Conclusions:Our findings reveal the chemical constituents of LZHC and provided scientific support for the efficacy of LZHC in terms of immune regulation,anti-aging,and tumor suppression.

Comparison of photodynamic therapy for skin cancers and pre-cancers with δ-aminolevulinic acid

Objective:The aim of the study was to compare the effects of photodynamic therapy(PDT) with δ-aminolevulinic acid(ALA) for patients with different kinds of skin cancers and pre-cancers.Methods:The present study enrolled seventyfive cases,which included 17 cases of actinic keratosis(AK),9 cases of Bowen's disease,11 cases of superficial basal cell carcinomas(BCC),23 cases of nodule basal cell carcinomas and 15 cases of squamous cell carcinomas(SCC),and every patient had single lesion.All patients were treated with 20% ALA topically and He-Ne laser weekly for three times,and followed up 1-3 years.Results:After therapy,the rates of complete reaction(CR) were 100% in AK lesions,77.8% in Bowen's diseases,90.9% in superficial BCCs,47.8% in nodule BCCs,and 50.3% in SCCs,which had significant differences among these five kinds of lesions(H = 18.27,P < 0.05).The therapeutic effectiveness of ALA-PDT for AK was superior to that of Bowen's disease(Q = 4.364,P < 0.05),superficial BCC(Q = 5.55,P < 0.01),SCC(Q = 8.94,P < 0.01) and nodule BCC(Q = 17.91,P < 0.01);the effect of Bowen's disease was better than that of SCC(Q = 7.8,P < 0.01),nodule BCC(Q = 13.44,P < 0.01);the effect of superficial BCC was better than that of SCC(Q = 9.73,P < 0.01),nodule BCC(Q = 16.28,P < 0.01),but similar with Bowen's disease(Q = 0.96,P > 0.05);the effect of SCC was better than that of nodule BCC(Q = 17.74,P < 0.01).Conclusion:Our study shows that therapeutic effectiveness of ALA-PDT for AK is best in five diseases,and Bowen's disease and superficial BCC are secondary,while nodule BCC and SCC are at the bottom.

Design of Hybrid Recommendation Algorithm in Online Shopping System

In order to improve user satisfaction and loyalty on e-commerce websites,recommendation algorithms are used to recommend products that may be of interest to users.Therefore,the accuracy of the recommendation algorithm is a primary issue.So far,there are three mainstream recommendation algorithms,content-based recommendation algorithms,collaborative filtering algorithms and hybrid recommendation algorithms.Content-based recommendation algorithms and collaborative filtering algorithms have their own shortcomings.The content-based recommendation algorithm has the problem of the diversity of recommended items,while the collaborative filtering algorithm has the problem of data sparsity and scalability.On the basis of these two algorithms,the hybrid recommendation algorithm learns from each other’s strengths and combines the advantages of the two algorithms to provide people with better services.This article will focus on the use of a content-based recommendation algorithm to mine the user’s existing interests,and then combine the collaborative filtering algorithm to establish a potential interest model,mix the existing and potential interests,and calculate with the candidate search content set.The similarity gets the recommendation list.

LncRNA NKILA inhibits HBV replication by repressing NF-κB signalling activation

Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection results in liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).HBx/nuclear factor(NF)-κB pathway plays a role in HBV replication.However,whether NF-κB-interacting long noncoding RNA(NKILA),a suppressor of NF-κB activation,regulates HBV replication remains largely unknown.In this study,gain-and-loss experiments showed that NKILA inhibited HBV replication by inhibiting NF-κB activity.In turn,HBV infection down-regulated NKILA expression.In addition,expression levels of NKILA were lower in the peripheral blood-derived monocytes(PBMCs)of HBV-positive patients than in healthy individuals,which were correlated with HBV viral loads.And a negative correlation between NKILA expression level and HBV viral loads was observed in blood serum from HBV-positive patients.Lower levels of endogenous NKILA were also observed in HepG2 cells expressing a 1.3-fold HBV genome,HBV-infected HepG2-NTCP cells,stable HBV-producing HepG2.2.15 and HepAD38 cells,compared to those HBV-negative cells.Furthermore,HBx was required for NKILA-mediated inhibition on HBV replication.NKILA decreased HBx-induced NF-κB activation by interrupting the interaction between HBx and p65,whereas NKILA mutants lack of essential domains for NF-κB inhibition,lost the ability to inhibit HBV replication.Together,our data demonstrate that NKILA may serve as a suppressor of HBV replication via NF-κB signalling.

Emergent Physics in Metal−Organic Frameworks

Many-body interactions in condensed matter could lead to emergent phenomena spanning superconductivity,ferromagnetism,exciton condensation,etc.The emergence of these phenomena often requires highly ordered spatial arrangements of the interacting species to enforce specific space symmetries and interacting strengths.Metal−organic frameworks(MOFs),crystalline materials formed by self-assembly of metal ions and organic ligands,allow for precise design of their crystal structures and sophisticated tuning of Coulombic interaction or magnetic coupling among lattice sites.Such atomic-level designability combined with high crystallinity and versatile types of lattices(e.g.,kagome and honeycomb lattices)render MOFs as a great platform to investigate emergent physics.In this Emerging Topic,we summarize recent studies evidencing emergent phenomena in MOFs including strong correlations,superconductivity,charge density wave,long-range magnetic order,and quantum spin liquid.We highlight the great potential of MOFs as quantum materials and discuss challenges including growth of high-quality single crystals and in-depth physical characterizations to reveal insights into the nature of physical properties of MOFs.

HIF-1αand HDAC1 mediated regulation of FAM99AmiR92a signaling contributes to hypoxia induced HCC metastasis

Dear Editor,Hypoxic microenvironment is clinically associated with metastasis and poor prognosis of numerous cancers.Previous studies have shown that many protein-coding genes and microRNAs are regulated upon hypoxia and involved in the progression of cancer.However,the roles of lncRNAs in the hypoxia-responsive gene networks and how lncRNA-related signaling network regulates hypoxia induced tumor metastasis is still not clear.

Quantitative Secretome Analysis Reveals Clinical Values of Carbonic Anhydrase Ⅱ in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Early detection and intervention are key strategies to reduce mortality,increase longterm survival,and improve the therapeutic effects of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)patients.Herein,the isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation(iTRAQ)-based quantitative proteomic strategy was used to study the secretomes in conditioned media from HCC cancerous tissues,surrounding noncancerous tissues,and distal noncancerous tissues to identify diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for HCC.In total,22 and 49 dysregulated secretory proteins were identified in the cancerous and surrounding noncancerous tissues,respectively,compared with the distal noncancerous tissues.Among these proteins,carbonic anhydrase II(CA2)was identified to be significantly upregulated in the secretome of cancerous tissues;correspondingly,the serum concentrations of CA2 were remarkably increased in HCC patients compared with that in normal populations.Interestingly,a significant increase of serum CA2 in recurrent HCC patients after radical resection was also confirmed compared with HCC patients without recurrence,and the serum level of CA2 could act as an independent prognostic factor for time to recurrence and overall survival.Regarding the mechanism,the secreted CA2 enhances the migration and invasion of HCC cells by activating the epithelial mesenchymal transition pathway.Taken together,this study identified a novel biomarker for HCC diagnosis and prognosis,and provided a valuable resource of HCC secretome for investigating serological biomarkers.

Numerical simulation on mixing dynamics of flexible filamentous particles in the transverse section of a rotary drum

Flexible filamentous particles are a special kind of particles and play a significant role in many industrial processes. The mixing dynamics of flexible filamentous particles in the transverse section of a rotary drum were analyzed numerically in two dimensions. First, a chain model of slender bodies was introduced for particle dynamic studies, and each individual particle as well as each segment of the particle was tracked during the process. Then, the bulk movement of particles in the transverse section of a rotary drum was explored numerically and mixing dynamics of the particles were further investigated with visual representation. To quantify the quality of mixing, the mixing rates were investigated to determine the mixing extent of particles in the rotary drum. Furthermore, the effects of rotational velocity, flight height and filling degree on mixing dynamics were examined in detail. Moreover, the numerical results were compared with experimental data, and reasonable agreements were obtained, The numerical analyses provide valuable insights into the mixing dynamics of flexible filamentous particles.

Growth characteristics of spherical titanium oxide nanoparticles during the rapid gaseous detonation reaction

The nanosize grain growth characteristics of spherical single-crystal titanium oxide （TiO2） during the rapid gaseous detonation reaction are discussed. Based on the experimental conditions and the Chapman-Jouguet theory, the Kruis model was introduced to simulate the growth characteristics of spherical TiO2 nanoparticles obtained under high pressure, high temperature and by rapid reaction. The results show that the numerical analysis can satisfactorily predict the growth characteristics of spherical TiO2 nanoparticles with diameters of 15-300 nm at different affecting factors, such as concentration of particles, reaction temperature and time, which are in agreement with the obtained experimental results. We found that the increase of the gas-phase reaction temperature, time, and particle concentration affects the growth tendency of spherical nanocrystal TiO2, which provides effective theoretical support for the controllable synthesis of multi-scale nanoparticles.