A Review on Applications of Layered Phosphorus in Energy Storage

Phosphorus in energy storage has received widespread attention in recent years. Both the high specific capacity and ion mobility of phosphorus may lead to a breakthrough in energy storage materials. Black phosphorus, an allotrope of phosphorus, has a sheet-like structure similar to graphite. In this review, we describe the structure and properties of black phosphorus and characteristics of the conductive electrode material, including theoretical calculation and analysis. The research progress in various ion batteries, including lithium-sulfur batteries, lithium–air batteries, and supercapacitors, is summarized according to the introduction of black phosphorus materials in different electrochemical applications. Among them, with the introduction of black phosphorus in lithium-ion batteries and sodium-ion batteries, the research on the properties of black phosphorus and carbon composite is introduced. Based on the summary, the future development trend and potential of black phosphorus materials in the field of electrochemistry are analyzed.

Efficient hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol by magnetically recoverable RuCo bimetallic catalyst

A magnetically recoverable Ru Co bimetallic catalyst was reported for the catalytic hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol under ambient H_(2) pressure.The magnetic catalyst was prepared by H_(2) treatment of the Ru Co composite precursor from a facile one-pot hydrolysis of Co and Ru salts by NaBH_(4) solution.This catalyst can totally convert furfural to 98–100% furfuryl alcohol at 120°C under 1 bar H_(2) in isopropanol or water using only molecular H_(2) as hydrogen source.Moreover,the catalyst showed excellent stability during recycling test and can be easily and completely recovered by magnet from reaction solution.The influence of Ru/Co ratio and H_(2)-treatment temperature was studied,which were shown to be important for the structural evolution and the metal interaction in Ru Co active sites,based on the comprehensive characterizations including XRD,TGA,TEM,XPS,H_(2)-TPR,CO adsorbed DRIFT-IR.It was demonstrated that the cooperative Ru~0–Co~0 bimetallic active sites in strong interaction can significantly promote activity and selectivity of the catalyst due to an enhanced adsorption and activation of furfural and H_(2),and simultaneously created a strong magnetism in the Ru Co catalyst for simple physical separation.

Synergy in magnetic Ni_(x)Co_(1)O_(y) oxides enables base-free selective oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural on loaded Au nanoparticles

The base-free aerobic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF) to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid(FDCA)in water is recognized as an important and sustainable upgrading process for cellulosic carbohydrates.However,selectivity control still remains a challenge.Here,we disclose that the unique synergy in magnetic Ni_(x)Co_(1)O_(y)(x=1,3 and 5) bimetallic oxides can induce reactive oxygen defects and simultaneously stabilize small-sized metallic Au nanoparticles in the Au/Ni_(x)Co_(1)O_(y)catalysts.Such catalytic features render effective adsorption and activation of O_(2),OH and C=O groups,realizing selective oxidation of HMF to FDCA.On a series of magnetic Au/Ni_(x)Co_(1)O_(y)catalysts with almost identical Au loadings(ca.0.5 wt%) and particle sizes(ca.2.7 nm),the variable Ni/Co molar ratios give rise to the tunable electron density of Au sites and synergistic effect between NiO and CoO_(y).The initial conversion rates of HMF and its derived intermediates(i.e., DFF,HMFCA and FFCA) show a volcano-like dependence on the number of oxygen defects(i.e.,O_(2)^(-)and O^(-)) and electron-rich Au0sites.The optimum Au/Ni3Co1Oycatalyst exhibits a highest productivity of FDCA(12.5 mmol_(FDCA)mol_(Au)^(-1)h^(-1)) among all the Au catalysts in the literature and achieves> 99% yield of FDCA at 120℃ and 10 bar of O_(2).In addition,this catalyst can be easily recovered by a magnet and show superior stability and reusability during six consecutive cycling tests.This work may shed a light on Au catalysis for the base-free oxidation of biomass compounds by smartly using the synergy in bimetallic oxide carriers.

The haplotype-resolved autotetraploid genome assembly provides insights into the genomic evolution and fruit divergence in wax apple(Syzygium samarangense(Blume)Merr.and Perry)

Wax apple(Syzygium samarangense)is an economically important fruit crop with great potential value to human health because of its richness in antioxidant substances.Here,we present a haplotype-resolved autotetraploid genome assembly of the wax apple with a size of 1.59 Gb.Comparative genomic analysis revealed three rounds of whole-genome duplication(WGD)events,including two independent WGDs after WGT-γ.Resequencing analysis of 35 accessions partitioned these individuals into two distinct groups,including 28 landraces and seven cultivated species,and several genes subject to selective sweeps possibly contributed to fruit growth,including the KRP1-like,IAA17-like,GME-like,and FLACCA-like genes.Transcriptome analysis of three different varieties during flower and fruit development identified key genes related to fruit size,sugar content,and male sterility.We found that AP2 also affected fruit size by regulating sepal development in wax apples.The expression of sugar transport-related genes(SWEETs and SUTs)was high in‘ZY’,likely contributing to its high sugar content.Male sterility in‘Tub’was associated with tapetal abnormalities due to the decreased expression of DYT1,TDF1,and AMS,which affected early tapetum development.The chromosome-scale genome and large-scale transcriptome data presented in this study offer new valuable resources for biological research on S.samarangense and shed new light on fruit size control,sugar metabolism,and male sterility regulatory metabolism in wax apple.

Genome sequencing revealed the red-flower trait candidate gene of a peach landrace

Peach(Prunus persica)is an economically important fruit crop globally and an excellent material for genomic studies.While considerable progress has been made in unveiling trait-associated genes within cultivars and wild relatives,certain novel genes controlling valuable traits in peach landraces,such as the red-flowering gene,remained unclear.In this study,we sequenced and assembled the diploid genome of the red-flower landrace‘Yingzui’(abbreviated as‘RedY’).Multi-omics profiling of red petals of‘RedY’revealed the intensified red coloration associated with anthocyanins accumulation and concurrent decline in f lavonols.This phenomenon is likely attributed to a natural variant of Flavonol Synthase(FLS)harboring a 9-bp exonic insertion.Intriguingly,the homozygous allelic configurations of this FLS variant were only observed in red-flowered peaches.Furthermore,the 9-bp sequence variation tightly associated with pink/red petal color in genome-wide association studies(GWAS)of collected peach germplasm resources.Functional analyses of the FLS variant,purified from procaryotic expression system,demonstrated its diminished enzymatic activity in f lavonols biosynthesis,impeccably aligning with the cardinal trait of red flowers.Therefore,the natural FLS variant was proposed as the best candidate gene for red-f lowering trait in peach.The pioneering unveiling of the red-flowered peach genome,coupled with the identification of the candidate gene,expanded the knowledge boundaries of the genetic basis of peach traits and provided valuable insights for future peach breeding efforts.

规模化养猪场非洲猪瘟防疫策略

中国人的肉食结构中猪肉占比超过八成,形成为中华民族一种特有的文化现象。2018年以来非洲猪瘟疫情导致了生猪养殖量急剧减少,为了保障猪肉产品的供给,规模化养猪场的生猪复养势在必行。文章提出了规模化生猪养殖场的全面防疫策略,包括猪场全面消毒、增强生物安全意识、争取政策补贴、坚持自繁自养和分区分级管理、规范化工作流程等防疫策略,以供同行借鉴参考。

Upper limb arthromyodynia can be treated with Notopterygium by down-regulating P2X3 to mediate PKC-induced inflammatory response

Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is one of the most common refractory diseases in the world,and traditional Chinese medicine Notopterygium(NE)has been used in the treatment of upper limb pain for a long time.NE can significantly reduce the expression of inflammatory pain target P2X3 receptor in rats with upper-limb arthritis.To verify the relationship between the mechanism of NE for“upper limb paralysis”and the P2X3 receptor-mediated PKC inflammatory response pathway,UPLC was taken to measure the exact medicinal substance of ethyl acetate from NE.Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into a blank group,a model group,a live-action group,and a positive group.The joint cavity was removed after 21 d.Moreover,a model group,a live group,and a positive group were also set up with RA-FLS cells in our in vitro study.The expressions of P2X3 and PKC inflammation pathway indicators were detected by Western blotting analysis.A P2X3 inhibitor(A-317491)acted on RA-FLS cells,and a model group and a positive group were set.Then the protein expression of PKC was detected.NE reduced the expressions of P2X3,Rab7,PKC,and NF-κB at the protein level in both systems.NE and P2X3 receptor antagonists reduced the expressions of key proteins in the PKC pathway in RA-FLS cells to similar extents,and their effects were not additive.NE could effectively improve the“forelimb pain”of RA rats,with a mechanism closely related to the P2X3/Rab7/PKC/NF-κB pathway.

慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉患者鼻内镜术后嗅觉障碍的危险因素分析

目的分析慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉患者鼻内镜术后嗅觉障碍的危险因素。方法回顾性分析2019年4月至2020年5月于驻马店市第一人民医院接受鼻内镜术治疗且完成12周随访的134例慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉患者的临床资料。统计患者随访12周内嗅觉障碍的发生情况,并经Logistic回归分析找出可能导致慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉患者鼻内镜术后嗅觉障碍的相关因素。结果134例慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉患者鼻内镜术后有37例发生嗅觉障碍,发生率为27.61%。初步比较发生、未发生嗅觉障碍慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉患者的相关基线资料后,经Logistic回归分析检验,结果显示,Lund-Kennedy内镜评分高、术后未接受嗅觉训练、嗜酸性粒细胞升高可能是慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉患者鼻内镜术后嗅觉障碍的影响因素(OR>1,P<0.05)。结论慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉患者鼻内镜术后嗅觉障碍可能受Lund-Kennedy内镜评分高、术后未接受嗅觉训练、嗜酸性粒细胞升高的影响。

VmPacC-mediated pH regulation of Valsa mali confers to host acidification identified by comparative proteomics analysis

Apple valsa canker caused by the Ascomycete fungus Valsa mali is one of the most serious diseases of apple,resulting in huge economic losses in the apple-growing area of China.Previous study found that the pathogen could acidify the infected tissues to make lower ambient pH(from 6.0 to 3.5)for their successfully colonization.The pH signaling transcription factor VmPacC is required for acidification of its environment and for full virulence in V.mali.It is known that the functional cooperation of proteins secreted by V.mali plays pivotal role in its successful colonization of host plants.In this study,we used tandem mass tag(TMT)labeling coupled with LC-MS/MS-based quantitative proteomics to analyze the VmPacC-mediated pH regulation in V.mali,focusing on differentially expressed proteins(DEPs).We identified 222 DEPs specific to VmPacC deletion,and 921 DEPs specific to different pH conditions(pH 6.0 and 3.4).Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway analyses indicated that these DEPs were mainly involved in pathways associated with carbon metabolism,biosynthesis of antibiotics,citrate cycle(TCA cycle),glycolysis/gluconeogenesis,glutathione metabolism,ribosomes,and pentose phosphate pathways.Additionally,we identified 119 DEPs that were shared among the VmPacC deletion mutant and different pH conditions,which were mainly related to energy metabolism pathways,providing the energy required for the hyphal growth and responses to environmental stresses.A protein-protein interaction(PPI)network analysis indicated that most of the shared proteins were mapped to an interaction network with a medium confidence score of 0.4.Notably,one uncharacterized protein(KUI69106.1),and two known proteins(heat shock protein 60(KUI73579.1),aspartate aminotransferase(KUI73864.1))located in the core of the network were highly connected(with≥38 directed edges)with the other shared DEPs.Our results suggest that VmPacC participates in the pathogen’s regulation to ambient pH through the regulation of energy metabolism pathways such as the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway and TCA cycle.Finally,we proposed a sophisticated molecular regulatory network to explain pH decrease in V.mali.Our study,by providing insights into V.mali regulating pH,helps to elucidate the mechanisms of host acidification during pathogen infection.