Construction and Practice of Transformation System of Scientific and Technological Achievements in Agriculture:A Case Study of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences

Accelerating the transformation of agricultural scientific and technological achievements is a key link in implementing innovation-driven development strategy and rural revitalization strategy,and improving development quality and core competitiveness.How to build a scientific and systematic transformation system of scientific and technological achievements and improve the overall management level of scientific and technological achievements transformation of agricultural scientific research institutes is one of the key tasks to measure how a scientific research institute supports industry and serves society.Taking the Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences as an example,this paper explores the construction and practice of its scientific and technological achievements transformation system since the 13 th Five-Year Plan period.By arranging the current situation of resource elements for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements,analyzing the progress of the construction of the scientific and technological achievements transformation system,summarizing the practical results of the scientific and technological achievements transformation system,this paper puts forward 10 strategies and measures(implementing key projects for the transformation and application of scientific and technological achievements;striving to promote the transformation and application of on-duty scientific and technological achievements;accelerating the development and utilization of advantageous and characteristic resources;strengthening the use and protection of intellectual property rights;actively expanding cooperation activities between government,industry and research;increasing special financial support for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements;innovating state-owned asset management to accelerate scientific and technological development;piloting equity incentives to expand scientific and technological development channels to increase income;striving to create a relaxed environment for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements,effectively create scientific and technological value,enhance the development strength of the institute,and promote high-quality industrial development)in order to provide a useful reference for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements of agricultural research institutes.

广西百色市壮、汉族儿童口腔健康行为比较及风险因素分析

目的通过比较广西壮族自治区百色市壮、汉族3~5岁儿童口腔健康行为差异,探讨儿童的口腔健康行为是否受到民族、社会经济学相关风险因素的影响。方法于2016年9月将广西百色市23所幼儿园编号后随机选取3所幼儿园,在3所幼儿园随机抽取壮、汉族3~5岁儿童各自共196例。使用问卷调查及口腔检查收集儿童口腔健康行为数据;采用单因素分析结果,多因素logistic回归模型分析口腔健康行为是否受到民族、社会经济相关风险因素的影响。结果每日饮用甜果汁频率1次以上的比例,壮族儿童(41.84%)高于汉族儿童(3.06%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=84.64,P<0.001);睡觉前总是或偶尔进食含糖食物或饮用含糖饮品的比例,壮族儿童(74.00%)高于汉族(28.06%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=82.69,P<0.001);3岁前开始清洁牙齿的比例,壮族儿童(65.31%)高于汉族(25.00%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=64.29,P<0.001);每日刷牙2次以上的比例,壮族儿童(66.33%)高于汉族(19.39%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=88.17,P<0.001);每日辅助孩子清洁牙齿的家长比例,壮族(65.31%)高于汉族(23.98%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=67.73,P<0.001)。多因素分析结果显示,壮族儿童日常果汁摄入量比汉族儿童高9.52倍(OR=9.52,95%CI=3.00~30.19);壮族儿童睡觉前进食含糖食物或饮用含糖饮品的风险比汉族儿童高3.94倍(OR=3.94,95%CI=2.32~6.68);壮族儿童开始清洁牙齿的年龄比汉族儿童更早(OR=3.29,95%CI=1.92~5.63);且壮族的儿童每日清洁牙齿频率更高(OR=4.97,95%CI=3.01~8.22);家长辅助孩子清洁牙齿的次数相比于汉族更频繁(OR=2.88,95%CI=1.74~4.76);此外,母亲的受教育程度、工作与孩子的口腔健康行为有一定的关系。结论民族与社会经济学因素是影响壮、汉族儿童口腔健康行为的风险因素。