Resilience of Wengding,the Phoenix Wa traditional village

The village of Wengding,ancestral home of the Wa ethnic group,considered as China’s last primitive tribe,suf-fered near-complete extinction due to a fire incident in 2021.Historical records indicate that stilt-style buildings,also in Wengding,are highly susceptible to fire.Nevertheless,this has not hindered the long-term existence of these distinctive architectural forms.This study analyses the reasons for the sustained existence of the traditional building forms in Wengding,from the perspective of resilience.The findings indicate that the requirements of the traditional nomadic civilization for rapid construction of dwellings,the communal consciousness toward dis-aster resistance,and the implementation of spatially oriented fire protection measures collectively account for the swift recovery and reconstruction observed in Wengding village after the disaster.These aspects are tangible manifestations of the capacity of the village for resilience.Overall,resilience is essential for the sustainability of such traditional villages in the long term.

Focal adhesion protein Kindlin-2 regulates bone homeostasis in mice

Our recent studies demonstrate that the focal adhesion protein Kindlin-2 is critical for chondrogenesis and early skeletal development. Here, we show that deleting Kindlin-2 from osteoblasts using the 2.3-kb mouse Col1 a1-Cre transgene minimally impacts bone mass in mice, but deleting Kindlin-2 using the 10-kb mouse Dmp1-Cre transgene, which targets osteocytes and mature osteoblasts, results in striking osteopenia in mice. Kindlin-2 loss reduces the osteoblastic population but increases the osteoclastic and adipocytic populations in the bone microenvironment. Kindlin-2 loss upregulates sclerostin in osteocytes,downregulates β-catenin in osteoblasts, and inhibits osteoblast formation and differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Upregulation ofβ-catenin in the mutant cells reverses the osteopenia induced by Kindlin-2 deficiency. Kindlin-2 loss additionally increases the expression of RANKL in osteocytes and increases osteoclast formation and bone resorption. Kindlin-2 deletion in osteocytes promotes osteoclast formation in osteocyte/bone marrow monocyte cocultures, which is significantly blocked by an anti-RANKLneutralizing antibody. Finally, Kindlin-2 loss increases osteocyte apoptosis and impairs osteocyte spreading and dendrite formation.Thus, we demonstrate an important role of Kindlin-2 in the regulation of bone homeostasis and provide a potential target for the treatment of metabolic bone diseases.

LIM domain proteins Pinch1/2 regulate chondrogenesis and bone mass in mice

The LIM domain-containing proteins Pinch1/2 regulate integrin activation and cell–extracellular matrix interaction and adhesion.Here,we report that deleting Pinch1 in limb mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)and Pinch2 globally(double knockout;dKO)in mice causes severe chondrodysplasia,while single mutant mice do not display marked defects.Pinch deletion decreases chondrocyte proliferation,accelerates cell differentiation and disrupts column formation.Pinch loss drastically reduces Smad2/3 protein expression in proliferative zone(PZ)chondrocytes and increases Runx2 and Col10a1 expression in both PZ and hypertrophic zone(HZ)chondrocytes.Pinch loss increases sclerostin and Rankl expression in HZ chondrocytes,reduces bone formation,and increases bone resorption,leading to low bone mass.In vitro studies revealed that Pinch1 and Smad2/3 colocalize in the nuclei of chondrocytes.Through its C-terminal region,Pinch1 interacts with Smad2/3 proteins.Pinch loss increases Smad2/3 ubiquitination and degradation in primary bone marrow stromal cells(BMSCs).Pinch loss reduces TGF-β-induced Smad2/3 phosphorylation and nuclear localization in primary BMSCs.Interestingly,compared to those from single mutant mice,BMSCs from dKO mice express dramatically lower protein levels ofβ-catenin and Yap1/Taz and display reduced osteogenic but increased adipogenic differentiation capacity.Finally,ablating Pinch1 in chondrocytes and Pinch2 globally causes severe osteopenia with subtle limb shortening.Collectively,our findings demonstrate critical roles for Pinch1/2 and a functional redundancy of both factors in the control of chondrogenesis and bone mass through distinct mechanisms.

Application of the Improved Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedast Model Based on the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model in Data Analysis

This study firstly improved the Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedast model for the issue that financial product sales data have singular information when applying this model, and the improved outlier detection method was used to detect the location of outliers, which were processed by the iterative method. Secondly, in order to describe the peak and fat tail of the financial time series, as well as the leverage effect, this work used the skewed-t Asymmetric Power Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity model based on the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model to analyze the sales data. Empirical analysis showed that the model considering the skewed distribution is effective.

A new bio-oxidation method for removing iron deposits from waterlogged wood of Nanhai I shipwreck,Guangdong,China

The widespread presence of iron and sulfur compounds such as pyrite in marine waterlogged archeological wood(WAW)can cause irreversible damage to the safety of its preservation.This issue has been a longstanding concern for cultural heritage conservation communities.In this study,we examined the distribution and phase composition of Fe and sulfur compounds in wood samples obtained from the Nanhai I shipwreck using ESEM-EDS,micro-Raman spectroscopy,and an X-ray diffractometer.The removal of iron from WAW samples of the Nanhai I shipwreck using Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans(A.ferrooxidans)was evaluated using conductivity and ICP-AES analysis.The results showed that A.ferrooxidans effectively improved the removal of iron from WAW.The degradation of fresh healthy wood during treatment was also analyzed using infrared spectroscopy,and the results showed that the treatment had little effect on the samples over a short period.This study demonstrates,for the first time,the feasibility of iron extraction from marine WAW by A.ferrooxidans.This was also the first attempt in China to apply biological oxidation to the removal of iron from marine archeological materials.

Engineered self-healing single-cavity microcapsules for pulsatile release of drug delivery

A wide range of polymer-based drug delivery systems have been reported for the treatment of variousdiseases.However,the dosing regimen of many drugs,such as stimulator of interferon genes agonists,programmed cell death protein-1 antibodies,and coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines,consists of repeatedintratumoral or intramuscular injections.These repeated administrations may lead to poor adherence,thus resulting in compromised therapeutic outcomes and increased financial burden.Here,we developed a multidose drug delivery platform by engineering polylactic-co-glycolic acid(PLGA)with differentmolecular weights into self-healing single-cavity microcapsules(SSM).This approach showed a flexiblecollocation strategy to achieve customized pulsatile drug release and was fully degradable with goodsafety.Notably,this single-injection delivery system contains only PLGA,holding great promise forclinical translation.

Climate Characteristics of Abnormal Double-Blocking Activities over the Ural Mountains and Sea of Okhotsk

By using NCEP–NCAR daily reanalysis data for June–August of 1948–2009, the synoptic situation of the doubleblocking high pressure process over the Ural Mountains–Sea of Okhotsk region was identified objectively, and the climatic characteristics and dynamic mechanism during the double blockings were also investigated. The results suggest that the Urals–Okhotsk double-blocking high experienced obviously an abrupt change around 1977. After the change, the occurrence frequency and number of sustained days of the blocking high reduced significantly.Moreover, the zonal spacing between the Urals blocking and the Okhotsk blocking also decreased, while their meridional locations did not change much. The double blockings became strengthened in general, and the blocking high over the Sea of Okhotsk extended northward evidently. However, during the process without double-blocking activities, the intensity and location of the double-blocking high showed no noticeable variation before and after the abrupt change. In addition, dynamic diagnosis shows that after the abrupt change, the energy of the double-blocking high mainly propagated vertically from low to high levels, and transferred horizontally from low to high latitudes; whereas, previously, before the abrupt change, this occurred from high to low latitudes. Meanwhile, the development of a low pressure system was fueled between the double blockings, which meant that the double-blocking activity was beneficial to the maintenance and development of the Northeast China cold vortex. In short, diagnosis of the wave energy has provided us with a better explanation of the life cycle characteristics of this double-blocking phenomenon before and after 1977.

Identifying Vital Nodes in Social Networks Using an Evidential Methodology Combining with High-Order Analysis

Identifying vital nodes is a basic problem in social network research.The existing theoretical framework mainly focuses on the lowerorder structure of node-based and edge-based relations and often ignores important factors such as interactivity and transitivity between multiple nodes.To identify the vital nodes more accurately,a high-order structure,named as the motif,is introduced in this paper as the basic unit to evaluate the similarity among the node in the complex network.It proposes a notion of high-order degree of nodes in complex network and fused the effect of the high-order structure and the lower-order structure of nodes,using evidence theory to determine the vital nodes more efficiently and accurately.The algorithm was evaluated from the function of network structure.And the SIR model was adopted to examine the spreading influence of the nodes ranked.The results of experiments in different datasets demonstrate that the algorithm designed can identify vital nodes in the social network accurately.