Theoretical simulation study of laser-induced plasma bombardment on bacteria

With the rapid advancement of laser decontamination technology and growing awareness of microbial hazards,it becomes crucial to employ theoretical model to simulate and evaluate decontamination processes by laser-induced plasma.This study employs a two-dimensional axisymmetric fluid dynamics model to simulate the power density of plasma bombardment on bacteria and access its decontamination effects.The model considers the transport processes of vapor plasma and background gas molecules.Based on the destructive impact of high-speed moving particles in the plasma on bacteria,we investigate the bombardment power density under various conditions,including different laser spot sizes,wavelengths,plate's tilt angles,and plate-target spacing.The results reveal that the bombardment power density increases with a decrease in laser spot size and wavelength.For instance,when the plate is parallel to the target surface with a 1 mm spacing,the bombardment power density triples as the laser spot size decreases from 0.8 mm to 0.5 mm and quadruples as the wavelength decreases from 1064 nm to 266 nm.Notably,when the plate is parallel to the target with a relatively close spacing of 0.5 mm,the bombardment power density at 0°inclination increases sevenfold compared to 45°.This simulation study is essential for optimizing optical parameters and designing component layouts in decontamination devices using laser-induced plasma.The reduction of laser spot size,wavelength,plate-target spacing and aligning the plate parallel to the target,collectively contribute to achieving precise and effective decontamination.

临床-双参数MRI列线图诊断前列腺癌包膜外侵犯的价值

目的:探讨临床及双参数MRI(biparametric MRI,bpMRI)诊断前列腺癌(prostate cancer,PCa)包膜外侵犯(extraprostatic extension,EPE)的价值。方法:回顾性分析2018年8月至2024年5月芜湖市第二人民医院107例PCa患者资料,按根治性前列腺切除术后病理分为EPE组(n=42)和器官局限组(n=65)。比较临床风险指标年龄、总前列腺特异性抗原(total prostate specific antigen,tPSA)、前列腺体积、前列腺特异性抗原密度(prostate specific antigen density,PSAD)、前列腺穿刺术国际泌尿病理协会(ISUP)评分、MRI指标前列腺影像报告和数据系统(prostate imaging reporting and data system,PI-RADS)评分及bpMRI组间差异。利用二元Logistic回归分析构建诊断EPE的临床模型、联合模型并筛选出独立影响因子;ROC曲线分析各独立影响因子、模型的诊断效能;DeLong检验比较模型AUC间的差异;绘制列线图,并进行性能评估。结果:两组间tPSA、PSAD、前列腺穿刺术ISUP评分、PI-RADS评分及bpMRI差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。临床模型AUC为0.821;联合模型及其独立影响因子PSAD(OR=25.992)、前列腺穿刺术ISUP评分(OR=1.676)、bpMRI(OR=10.729)AUC分别为0.899、0.813、0.770、0.793,P<0.001。联合模型优于临床模型(Z=2.502,P=0.012);5折交叉验证平均AUC为0.887,模型校准度高,阈值范围在5%~85%时有临床获益。结论:基于临床、bpMRI指标衍生的联合模型列线图诊断PCa EPE价值较高。

Optimal Scheduling Strategy of Source-Load-Storage Based onWind Power Absorption Benefit

In recent years,the proportion of installed wind power in the three north regions where wind power bases are concentrated is increasing,but the peak regulation capacity of the power grid in the three north regions of China is limited,resulting in insufficient local wind power consumption capacity.Therefore,this paper proposes a two-layer optimal scheduling strategy based on wind power consumption benefits to improve the power grid’s wind power consumption capacity.The objective of the uppermodel is tominimize the peak-valley difference of the systemload,which ismainly to optimize the system load by using the demand response resources,and to reduce the peak-valley difference of the system load to improve the peak load regulation capacity of the grid.The lower scheduling model is aimed at maximizing the system operation benefit,and the scheduling model is selected based on the rolling schedulingmethod.The load-side schedulingmodel needs to reallocate the absorbed wind power according to the response speed,absorption benefit,and curtailment penalty cost of the two DR dispatching resources.Finally,the measured data of a power grid are simulated by MATLAB,and the results show that:the proposed strategy can improve the power grid’s wind power consumption capacity and get a large wind power consumption benefit.

Relationship between intracranial pressure and neurocognitive function among older adults after radical resection of rectal cancer

BACKGROUND Older patients are prone to postoperative cognitive decline after laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery,which may be associated with increased intraoperative intracranial pressure(ICP).This study investigated the correlation between intra-operative ICP changes,as indicated by measurements of the optic nerve sheath diameter(ONSD)using ultrasonography,and subsequent cognitive function to provide better patient care.AIM To evaluate changes in ICP and associated postoperative neurocognition in older adults after laparoscopic radical resection for rectal cancer.METHODS We included 140 patients who visited the Mianyang Central Hospital for malig-nant rectal tumors,measured their ONSDs before surgery and 30 and 60 minutes after the Trendelenburg position during surgery,and evaluated the patients’cog-nitive function 1 day before surgery and 1,4,and 7 days after surgery.The Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)and confusion assessment method(CAM)scores of the patients with different ONSDs were compared at different times after surgery.RESULTS In patients with an ONSD greater than 5.00 mm(group A1),the MMSE scores at 1 day and 4 days after surgery were significantly lower than those of patients with an ONSD less than or equal to 4.00 mm(group A2)(P<0.05).The CAM scores of group A1 were significantly higher than those of group A2(P<0.05).The MMSE scores of group A1 on days 1 and 4 after surgery were significantly lower than those 1 day before and 7 days after surgery(P<0.05),while the CAM scores 1 day and 4 days after surgery were significantly higher than those 1 day before and 7 days after surgery.CONCLUSION Decline in cognitive function among older adults after the procedure may be related to intracranial hypertension during surgery.

A method for Improving the Efficiency of Pear Tree Crossbreeding

In view of the short blooming period of pear tree crossbreeding and the complexity of pollination process, a method that can improve the efficiency of crossbreeding of pear trees was provided. Meanwhile, this method can also be applied to the study of pollen xenia effect, pollination tree selection and pure pollen collection in pear tree cultivation.

Research on the Cultivation of Aesthetics among Art Students under the New Era Background

Through understanding the history and current situation of aesthetic education in China,this paper explains some misunderstandings in the aesthetics of contemporary university art students,such as the insufficiency of aesthetic value and ability,as well as the inadequacy of students’creativity due to traditional art education.It is also pointed out that the cultivation of core literacy of art students is a multidimensional and comprehensive process,and these problems need to be solved by schools,teachers,and students,so as to strengthen the inner aesthetic education of students and improve their aesthetic awareness and ability.Aesthetic education is not only an important part of the art classroom but also a key part of fostering students’all-round development and enhancing their humanistic literacy.It is necessary to cultivate students’observation,imagination,image-thinking ability,and creativity,so that they can become artistic talents with independent thinking and innovation.

Fe的原位掺杂对Pt/Silicalite-1催化丙烷脱氢反应性能的提升作用

利用一步水热法制备了原位掺杂Fe的Silicalite-1分子筛载体,浸渍得到相应的Pt基催化剂,用于丙烷的直接脱氢反应。作为对比,也制备了Pt/Silicalite-1和共浸渍的Pt1Fe2/Silicalite-1催化剂。研究发现较之Pt/Silicalite-1催化剂,原位掺入Fe的Pt/Fe-Silicalite-1催化剂反应性能有了很大程度地提高,而共浸渍制备的Pt1Fe2/Silicalite-1催化剂反应性能有所降低。在Pt/Fe-Silicalite-1催化剂上,尽管丙烷的初始转化率略有降低,但丙烯的选择性和催化稳定性大幅提高。反应8h后丙烷转化率稳定在43.7%、丙烯选择性达到98.0%;且在80h内基本保持不变。深入表征发现Fe的原位掺入使得Pt物种配位饱和度提高,避免了丙烷的深度脱氢使得丙烯选择性提高、结焦速率降低;且通过Fe-Pt之间电子转移,使得Pt上的电子云密度增强,增强了丙烯的脱附能力,进一步降低了结焦速率。另外载体中的Fe位点可以锚定Pt,使得Pt物种不易聚集,从而进一步提高了Pt/Fe-Silicalite-1的稳定性,使得该催化剂在反应80 h后仍保持高转化率和选择性。

Catalytic conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into chemicals and fuels

In the search of alternative resources to make commodity chemicals and transportation fuels for a low carbon future,lignocellulosic biomass with over 180-billion-ton annual production rate has been identified as a promising feedstock.This review focuses on the state-of-the-art catalytic transformation of lignocellulosic biomass into value-added chemicals and fuels.Following a brief introduction on the structure,major resources and pretreatment methods of lignocellulosic biomass,the catalytic conversion of three main components,i.e.,cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin,into various compounds are comprehensively discussed.Either in separate steps or in one-pot,cellulose and hemicellulose are hydrolyzed into sugars and upgraded into oxygen-containing chemicals such as 5-HMF,furfural,polyols,and organic acids,or even nitrogen-containing chemicals such as amino acids.On the other hand,lignin is first depolymerized into phenols,catechols,guaiacols,aldehydes and ketones,and then further transformed into hydrocarbon fuels,bioplastic precursors and bioactive compounds.The review then introduces the transformations of whole biomass via catalytic gasification,catalytic pyrolysis,as well as emerging strategies.Finally,opportunities,challenges and prospective of woody biomass valorization are highlighted.

Co@CoO催化剂表面类氢负物种NH_(2)^(δ-)驱动下的还原胺化反应

胺类化合物作为一类重要的精细化学品,广泛应用于合成染料、表面活性剂、聚合物、药品和农用化学品.催化还原胺化是合成胺类化合物的重要手段.在还原胺化反应中,水是唯一的副产物,且反应条件温和,符合绿色化学原则,因此受到了广泛关注.在过去的几十年里,生物质衍生的羰基化合物(糠醛、环戊酮、5-羟甲基糠醛等)的催化还原胺化得到了特别关注,为利用可再生资源可持续地生产胺类提供了可能性.通常,金属(Ru,Ir,Pt,Rh,Co,Ni等)被认为是还原胺化的活性中心,相关研究快速发展,但大部分研究都围绕着金属负载型催化剂展开,对于以金属氧化物为活性中心鲜有研究.另外,还原胺化过程研究表明,席夫碱在反应开始阶段迅速生成,然后通过氨解产生相应的伯胺;但席夫碱氨解为伯胺的过程速率较慢,是该反应的决速步骤,因此设计高效催化剂加快席夫碱的氨解是还原胺化过程中的重要科学问题.受孤立的路易斯酸碱对可以催化氢气异裂过程的启发,本文利用具有核壳结构的Co@Co O为催化剂,发现表面具有氧空位的CoO具有独特的解离NH_(3)生成类氢负物种(NH_(2)^(δ-))的能力,该NH_(2)^(δ-)物种能够加速席夫碱的氨解,从而使得该催化剂展现出较好的还原胺化性能,且具有较好的稳定性,在环戊酮胺化为环戊胺过程中使用10次没有失活.通过密度泛函理论(DFT)计算和D_(2)同位素示踪实验发现了类氢负物种NH_(2)^(δ-),且验证了H^(δ-)和NH_(2)^(δ-)物种在Co O表面可稳定地共吸附,席夫碱在催化剂表面吸附较弱,使得希夫碱中间体可以在解离NH_(2)^(δ-)和H^(δ-)后的CoO表面自由移动,从而与表面解离的H^(-)和NH_(2)^(δ)–发生分子碰撞,生成伯胺,最后脱附完成催化循环.本文实现了金属氧化物催化还原胺化反应.更重要的是,在加氢/氢解反应中,孤立的路易斯酸碱对上异裂产生的H^(δ-)物种虽然具有较好的活性,但是没有H^(δ-)物种参与反应直接证据的相关报道,本研究发现的类氢负物种NH_(2)^(δ-)参与胺化反应的证据间接表明了H^(δ-)物种参与加氢/氢解反应的可能性.

Pressure-induced growth of coralloid-like FeF_(2) nanocrystals to enable high-performance conversion cathode

Fluoride ferrous(FeF_(2))is viewed as a promising conversion cathode material for next-generation lithiumion batteries(LIBs)due to its high theoretical specific capacity and low cost.Unfortunately,issues such as poor intrinsic conductivity,iron dissolution,and phase separation hinder the application of FeF_(2)in highenergy cathodes.Here,a pressure-induced morphology control method is designed to prepare coralloidlike FeF_(2)nanocrystals with nitrogen-rich carbon coating(c-FeF_(2)@NC).The coralloid-like interconnected crystal structure of c-FeF_(2)@NC contributes to reducing interfacial resistance and enhancing the topotactic transformation during the conversion reaction,and the nitrogen-rich carbon(NC)coating can enhance interfacial stability and kinetic performance.When used as a conversion cathode for LIBs,c-FeF_(2)@NC exhibits a high initial reversible capacity of 503.57 mA h g^(-1)and excellent cycling stability of497.61 m A h g^(-1)with a low capacity decay of 1.19%over 50 cycles at 0.1 A/g.Even at 1 A/g,a stable capacity of 263.78 mA h g^(-1)can still be retained after 200 cycles.The capability of c-FeF_(2)@NC as a conversion cathode for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)was also evaluated to expand its field of application.Furthermore,two kinds of full batteries have been assembled by employing c-FeF_(2)@NC as cathodes and quantitative limited-Li(LLi)and pre-lithiated reduced graphene oxide(PGO)as anodes,respectively,to envisage the feasibility of practical applications of conversion materials.

Co@CoO:An efficient catalyst for the depolymerization and upgrading of lignocellulose to alkylcyclohexanols with cellulose intact

The depolymerization and upgrading of lignin from raw biomass,while keeping cellulose intact is important in biorefinery and various metal-based catalysts have been used in reductive catalytic fractionation,a key method in"lignin-first"strategy,Recently,we found that a core-shell structured Co@CoO catalyst with CoO shell as the real active site had excellent performance in the hydrogenolysis of 5-hydromethylfurfural to 2,5-dimethylfuran due to its unique ability to dissociate H_(2)and yield active H^(δ-)species(Xiang et al.,2022).In this work,we report a one-pot depolymerization and upgrading of lignocellulose to alkylcyclohexanols,a flavour precursor,with intact cellulose over this unique core-shell structured catalyst,Co@CoO.Lignin model compounds(β-O-4,4-O-5,α-O-4)were first used to clarify the activity of Co@CoO catalyst.Then,the one-pot conversion of various organosolv lignin(birch,pine and poplar)to alkylcyclohexanols was realized with the mass yield of alkylcyclohexanols up to25.8 wt%from birch lignin under the reaction condition of 210℃,1 MPa H_(2),16 h.Finally,the corresponding woody sawdusts were used as feedstocks and found that the Co@CoO catalyst indeed preferentially depolymerized and upgraded the lignin part and obtained the same alkylcyclohexanols products with the retention of cellulose-rich pulp.The collected alkylcyclohexanols were further esterified to obtain valueadded esters,which can be used as flavors.This work will inspire the design of new efficient metal oxide catalysts in lignin fractionation and depolymerization to high-value-added chemicals with intact cellulose.

基于增强CT深度学习影像组学术前预测胸腺瘤风险分类

目的:探讨基于增强CT深度学习影像组学术前预测胸腺瘤风险分类的价值。方法:收集2015年1月至2023年1月皖南医学院弋矶山医院139例胸腺瘤患者为训练集,池州市人民医院与芜湖市第二人民医院81例患者为外部验证集。其中低风险组(A、AB、B1型)137例、高风险组(B2、B3型)83例。基于CT静脉期图像分别提取手工影像组学(hand-crafted radiomics,HCR)特征与深度学习(deep learning,DL)特征,构建影像组学标签评分(Radscore)。单因素与多因素Logistic回归分析筛选预测胸腺瘤高风险的影像学独立影响因素,利用逻辑回归(Logistic regression,LR)、随机森林(random forest,RF)、决策树(decision tree,DT)及支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)机器学习建模。选择最佳模型为输出模型,构建模型列线图、校准曲线及临床决策曲线(decision curve analysis,DCA)。受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristics,ROC)曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)及净重新分类指数(net reclassification index,NRI)用于评估模型效能。结果:LR、RF、DT及SVM构建预测模型的AUC分别为训练集0.899、0.835、0.897、0.860,外部验证集0.889、0.830、0.905、0.858。由于训练集LR模型效能最佳,作为本研究输出模型,校准曲线及DCA表明模型具有较高的校准度及临床适用性。列线图与Radscore比较效能有改善,NRI训练集为7.5%(P=0.007),外部验证集为5.3%(P=0.020)。结论:基于增强CT深度学习影像组学术前实现了胸腺瘤准确风险分类,列线图能够提供个性化预测结果。

Vanadium(V)reduction by using a by-product of the yellow phosphorus industry

Release of vanadium(V)from industry has threatened the environment and human health.In this paper,a removal method of vanadium(V)is proposed using a by-product of the yellow phosphorus industry(phosphorus-iron)as a reducing agent.The thermodynamics analysis shows that the Gibbs free energy is always negative from 0 to 100℃,indicating a spontaneous process.Effect of the phosphorus-iron slag/sulfuric acid dosage and temperature on the removal efficiency is comprehensively studied,and the kinetics parameters are calculated based on a quasi-first order reaction kinetics model.Results indicate that vanadium(V)can be entirely reduced by using phosphorus-iron slag,the frequency factor and apparent activation energy are 3.23×10^(9)min^(-1)and 64.50 kJ.mol^(-1) for vanadium(V)reduction.Based on above results,a lab-scale reactor is constructed and achieves a removal efficiency of~100%and a treatment capacity of 200 ml vanadium(V)solution(2 g.L^(-1))within 3 h.This work demonstrates the feasibility of vanadium(V)reduction using phosphorus-iron slag as a reducing agent in applications.

Ideal type 1 is caused by a point mutation in the a-tubulin gene that affects microtubule arrangement in soybean

Plant architecture is a target of crop improvement.The soybean mutant ideal type 1(it1)displays a pleiotropic phenotype characterized by compact plant architecture,reduced plant height,shortened petioles,wrinkled leaves,and indented seeds.Genetic analysis revealed that the pleiotropic phenotype was controlled by an incomplete dominant gene.We characterized the cellular phenotypes of it1 and positionally cloned the it1 locus.Detailed morphogenetic analysis of the it1 mutant revealed an excess of xylem cells and expanded phloem,and polygonal pavement cells.Positional cloning showed that the phenotype was caused by a G-to-A mutation in the second exon of the a-tubulin gene(Glyma.05G157300).The mutation altered microtubule arrangement in pavement cells,changing their morphology.Overexpression of Gmit1 resulted in an it1-like phenotype and polygonal pavement cells and microtubules of overexpressors were parallel or slightly inclined.Five suppressor mutants able to suppress the phenotype of it1 were obtained by EMS mutagenesis in the it1 background.All these mutants carried an additional mutation in the it1 gene.These results suggest that the pleiotropic phenotype of it1 is caused by the mutation in the atubulin gene.

Duality of Li_(2)CO_(3) in Solid-State Batteries

Solid-state batteries(SSBs)have been considered the most promising technology because of their superior energy density and safety.Among all the solid-state electrolytes(SEs),Li_(7) La_(3) Zr_(2) O_(12)(LLZO)with high ionic conductivity(3×10^(−4) S/cm)has been widely investigated.However,its large-scale production in ambient air faces a challenge.After air exposure,the generated Li_(2)CO_(3) layer deteriorates the ionic conductivity and interfacial wettability,thus greatly compromising the electrochemical performance of SSBs.Many works aim to eliminate this layer to recover the pristine LLZO surface.Unfor-tunately,few articles have emphasized the merits of Li_(2)CO_(3).In this review,we focus on the two-sidedness of Li_(2)CO_(3).We discuss the various characteristics of Li_(2)CO_(3) that can be used and recapitulate the strategies that utilize Li_(2)CO_(3).Insulating Li_(2)CO_(3) is no longer an obstacle but an opportunity for realizing intimate interfacial contact,high air stability,and outstand-ing electrochemical performance.This review aims to off er insightful guidelines for treating air-induced Li_(2)CO_(3) and lead to developing the enhanced air stability and electrochemical performance of LLZO.

昆明市安宁市社区轻度认知障碍的患病率及影响因素研究

目的:了解昆明市安宁市社区65岁及以上老年人轻度认知功能障碍(mild cognitive impairment,MCI)的患病现状及其影响因素,为认知障碍的早期预防提供参考依据。方法:采用随机整群抽样的方法,随机抽取621名2021年7月至昆明市安宁市第一人民医院金方院区健康管理中心体检的三个社区进行认知功能障碍调查,参与调查人员均为65岁及以上老年人,采用单因素和多因素二元Logistic回归多因素分析患MCI的影响因素。结果:昆明市安宁市社区≥65岁的老年人MCI患病率为9.7%,低于我国近年来城市老年人患MCI的平均水平;年龄、婚姻、文化程度、高血压、糖尿病、脑梗死、铜均影响MCI患病率,其中,高教育程度和高血压是MCI的危险因素。结论:昆明市安宁市社区65岁及以上老年人MCI患病率偏低,建议早筛查、早干预,控制MCI危险因素,以延缓痴呆发病。

一种基于电沉积3D花状CoS在自支撑石墨烯胶带电极上的非酶葡萄糖传感器的研究与应用

本文将3D纳米结构花状CoS电沉积在石墨烯胶带电极(GTE)上,制备了一种对葡萄糖响应良好的电化学传感器。结构分析显示电沉积的CoS均匀地分散在了电极上。实验结果表明,制备的花状CoS/GTE葡萄糖传感器在0.025~1.0 mmol·L^(-1)显示出良好的线性关系,灵敏度为323.3μA·(mmol·L^(-1))^(-1)·cm^(-2),检出限为8.5μmol·L^(-1)(S/N=3),而且制备的传感器能够应用于血清葡萄糖的检测。这表明本文制备的传感器具有一定的应用潜力。

抗氧化剂在猪精液冷冻保存中的作用

随着冷冻精液技术的发展,抗氧化剂作为精液稀释液中必不可少的一类成分,在降低精子的氧化损伤、提高精子活力质量上起到了关键的作用。文章对近些年来国内科研团队所使用的抗氧化剂进行综述,总结其对精液品质提升改善的能力,为猪精液冷冻技术的发展提供理论依据和参考。

Ssc-miR-133a-5p的靶基因预测及其相关信号通路的生物信息学分析

课题组前期通过高通量测序技术发现,microRNAssc-miR-133a-5p在肥胖猪脂肪组织中表达水平显著下调,推测其可能在脂肪沉积过程中发挥了重要作用。分析ssc-miR-133a-5p序列保守性,利用TargetScan,miRDB和miRWalk在线分析工具预测其候选靶基因,进一步对候选靶基因进行蛋白质互作分析以及KEGG分析,最后将预测的靶基因与课题组前期筛选出的与猪脂肪沉积能力相关的基因取交集。结果表明ssc-miR-133a-5p候选靶基因PPARGC1A与RORA等,参与AMPK,TNF,与胰岛素分泌等信号通路。结果提示ssc-miR-133a-5p的候选靶基因可能通过多种信号通路发挥重要作用。文章的结果可为microRNA参与猪的脂肪生成调节机制提供科学依据。

母猪批次化生产猪场的各类猪群存栏数及占栏数的计算

合理的猪群结构、猪群组成及其周转是猪场均衡生产和提高效率的关键因素。目前,母猪批次化生产技术在猪场实施的过程中,各种参数的制定、各类猪群存栏数及占栏数的计算依据不清晰,容易出现错误。文中的研究以600头基础母猪、7 d为一个生产周期猪场为例,详细地阐述了生产参数的制定、不同猪群的存栏数和占栏数的计算依据和过程,以期为猪场设计人员的猪场设计与建设和养猪生产者生产工艺的制定提供参考。