Characterizing the tumor microenvironment at the single-cell level reveals a novel immune evasion mechanism in osteosarcoma

The immune microenvironment extensively participates in tumorigenesis as well as progression in osteosarcoma(OS).However,the landscape and dynamics of immune cells in OS are poorly characterized.By analyzing single-cell RNA sequencing(sc RNA-seq)data,which characterize the transcription state at single-cell resolution,we produced an atlas of the immune microenvironment in OS.The results suggested that a cluster of regulatory dendritic cells(DCs)might shape the immunosuppressive microenvironment in OS by recruiting regulatory T cells.We also found that major histocompatibility complex class I(MHC-I)molecules were downregulated in cancer cells.The findings indicated a reduction in tumor immunogenicity in OS,which can be a potential mechanism of tumor immune escape.Of note,CD24 was identified as a novel“don’t eat me”signal that contributed to the immune evasion of OS cells.Altogether,our findings provide insights into the immune landscape of OS,suggesting that myeloid-targeted immunotherapy could be a promising approach to treat OS.

Spontaneous ignition of corrugated cardboard under dynamic high radiant flux

Understanding the response of solid combustibles under high radiant fluxes is critical in predicting the thermal damage from extreme scenarios.Unlike the more moderate radiant fluxes in conventional hydrocarbon fires,extreme events such as strong explosion,concentrated sunlight and directed energy can generate dynamic radiant fluxes at the MW/m^(2) level,creating a unique threat to materials.This study investigates the pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition behaviors of corrugated cardboard by using both experimental and numerical methods,under 10-cm dynamic high radiant fluxes ranging from 0.2 to 1.25 MW/m^(2) for 10 s.The spontaneous ignition process at dynamic high radiant fluxes was recorded and quantified.Two ignition modes were found at the critical radiant flux of 0.4 MW/m^(2),namely hot-gas spontaneous ignition and hot-residue piloted ignition.The latter is not the focus of this paper due to its extremely small probability of occurrence.The research reveals that the increase in flux intensity induces shorter delay times for both pyrolysis and ignition,lower ignition energy density,along with a corresponding rise in the critical mass flux and surface temperature at ignition moment.The simulation results are generally aligned with the experimental findings,despite some divergences may be attributed to model simplifications and parameter assumptions.The work contributes to a deeper insight into material behavior under extreme radiation,with valuable implications for fire safety and hazard assessment.

High-strength antiswelling adhesive achieves both hemostasis and wound healing

Skin is one of the most vulnerable tissues,but there is a lack of injectable bioactive hydrogel dressings,which possess high strength,antiswelling capacity,and wet tissue adhesiveness,but also a rapid gelling process to enable rapid hemostasis,sutureless wound closure,and scarless healing of infected skin wounds[1e5].A new injectable,antibacterial,and multifunctional hydrogel dressings based on poly(citric acid-co-polyethylene glycol)-g-dopamine(PCPD)and amino-terminated Pluronic F127(APF)mi-celles loaded with astragaloside IV(AS)was developed for this pur-pose,as shown in Fig.1A[6].

Correction:Establishment of a prediction model for prehospital return of spontaneous circulation in out-of-hospital patients with cardiac arrest

This is an erratum to an already published paper named“Establishment of a prediction model for prehospital return of spontaneous circulation in out-ofhospital patients with cardiac arrest”.We found errors in the affiliated institution of the authors.We apologize for our unintentional mistake.Please note,these changes do not affect our results.

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗消化道早期癌及癌前病变长期疗效的单中心回顾性队列分析

目的研究内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)治疗消化道早癌或癌前病变的长期疗效以及术后复发的影响因素。方法收集73例患者的临床及随访资料。采用Kaplan-Meier法,Log-rank和Breslow检验,以及Cox风险比例模型进行统计学分析。结果胃和结直肠ESD术后中位无复发生存时间(DFS)大于该研究最长随访时间(65个月),食管中位生存时间为44.5个月;与胃和结直肠相比,食管ESD术后DFS明显减少(χ~2=12.61,P=0.000;χ~2=7.09,P=0.008);病灶异型程度(浸润深度)和病灶面积影响ESD术后DFS(P=0.027,OR=2.38,95%CI:1.10~5.12;P=0.074,OR=0.90,95%CI:0.80~1.01)。结论 ESD术是切除消化道早期癌和癌前病变并维持长期不复发的有效内镜下手术方法 ;异型程度(浸润深度)是影响ESD术后DFS的独立危险因素;病灶面积在影响ESD术后的DFS方面具有临床意义。

A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia(standard version)

In December 2019, a new type viral pneumonia cases occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province;and then named "2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV)" by the World Health Organization(WHO) on 12 January 2020. For it is a never been experienced respiratory disease before and with infection ability widely and quickly, it attracted the world’s attention but without treatment and control manual. For the request from frontline clinicians and public health professionals of 2019-nCoV infected pneumonia management, an evidence-based guideline urgently needs to be developed. Therefore, we drafted this guideline according to the rapid advice guidelines methodology and general rules of WHO guideline development;we also added the first-hand management data of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University. This guideline includes the guideline methodology, epidemiological characteristics, disease screening and population prevention, diagnosis, treatment and control(including traditional Chinese Medicine), nosocomial infection prevention and control, and disease nursing of the 2019-nCoV. Moreover, we also provide a whole process of a successful treatment case of the severe 2019-nCoV infected pneumonia and experience and lessons of hospital rescue for 2019-nCoV infections. This rapid advice guideline is suitable for the first frontline doctors and nurses, managers of hospitals and healthcare sections, community residents, public health persons, relevant researchers, and all person who are interested in the 2019-nCoV.

Characteristics of Surface Solar Radiation under Different Air Pollution Conditions over Nanjing, China: Observation and Simulation

Surface solar radiation (SSR) can affect climate, the hydrological cycle, plant photosynthesis, and solar power. The values of solar radiation at the surface reflect the influence of human activity on radiative climate and environmental effects, so it is a key parameter in the evaluation of climate change and air pollution due to anthropogenic disturbances. This study presents the characteristics of the SSR variation in Nanjing, China, from March 2016 to June 2017, using a combined set of pyranometer and pyrheliometer observations. The SSR seasonal variation and statistical properties are investigated and characterized under different air pollution levels and visibilities. We discuss seasonal variations in visibility, air quality index (AQI), particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), and their correlations with SSR. The scattering of solar radiation by particulate matter varies significantly with particle size. Compared with the particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter between 2.5 μm and 10 μm (PM2.5-10), we found that the PM2.5 dominates the variation of scattered radiation due to the differences of single-scattering albedo and phase function. Because of the correlation between PM2.5 and SSR, it is an effective and direct method to estimate PM2.5 by the value of SSR, or vice versa to obtain the SSR by the value of PM2.5. Under clear-sky conditions (clearness index ≥0.5), the visibility is negatively correlated with the diffuse fraction, AQI, PM10, and PM2.5, and their correlation coefficients are ?0.50,?0.60,?0.76, and ?0.92, respectively. The results indicate the linkage between scattered radiation and air quality through the value of visibility.

电磁导航支气管镜在肺外周结节诊断中的应用

背景与目的电磁导航支气管镜是一种能够进行肺部病变精准定位的工具,在肺部病变诊断中具有重要价值,但由于价格昂贵,在我国应用尚未普及,急需总结其在临床中的应用,尤其是肺部结节诊断中的经验。方法回顾性分析我科2017年7月-2018年12月诊断为肺外周病变,且行电磁导航支气管镜检查患者的临床资料,总结其应用经验。结果18例患者(男性10例,女性8例),共21处病变,11例诊断明确,8例诊断为肺腺癌,1例诊断为肺结核,2例诊断为小细胞肺癌,诊断阳性率为61.1%,敏感性为73.3%,诊断阳性率与病变大小相关,>2 cm病变诊断阳性率为100.0%(P=0.04)。结论电磁导航支气管镜在临床中安全有效,对于病变>2 cm的肺外周病变诊断阳性率较高,有着广阔的临床应用前景。

An APXPS endstation for gas–solid and liquid–solid interface studies at SSRF

In the past few decades, various surface analysis techniques find wide applications in studies of interfacial phenomena ranging from fundamental surface science,catalysis, environmental science and energy materials.With the help of bright synchrotron sources, many of these techniques have been further advanced into novel in-situ/operando tools at synchrotron user facilities, providing molecular level understanding of chemical/electrochemical processes in-situ at gas–solid and liquid–solid interfaces.Designing a proper endstation for a dedicated beamline is one of the challenges in utilizing these techniques efficiently for a variety of user's requests. Many factors,including pressure differential, geometry and energy of the photon source, sample and analyzer, need to be optimized for the system of interest. In this paper, we discuss the design and performance of a new endstation at beamline02 B at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility for ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies.This system, equipped with the newly developed hightransmission HiPP-3 analyzer, is demonstrated to be capable of efficiently collecting photoelectrons up to 1500 eV from ultrahigh vacuum to ambient pressure of 20 mbar.The spectromicroscopy mode of HiPP-3 analyzer also enables detection of photoelectron spatial distribution with resolution of 2.8 ± 0.3 lm in one dimension. In addition,the designing strategies of systems that allow investigations in phenomena at gas–solid interface and liquid–solid interface will be highlighted through our discussion.

复掺膨胀剂和纤维对混凝土性能的影响

依据北京地铁7号线东延环球影城地铁站建设工程,探究HCSA膨胀剂和聚丙烯纤维复掺的最佳配比及两者复掺对钢筋混凝土板构件性能的影响。依据正交设计试验方法控制HCSA膨胀剂掺量分别为6%、8%、10%、12%、14%,聚丙烯纤维掺量分别为0.6 kg/m 3、0.9 kg/m 3、1.2 kg/m 3、1.5 kg/m 3、1.8 kg/m 3。研究结果显示:HCSA膨胀剂掺量10%、聚丙烯纤维掺量0.9 kg/m 3时,能够有效补偿混凝土收缩,混凝土28 d抗压强度提升12.6%,14 d抗折强度提升23.2%,水中14 d限制膨胀率为3.2×10-4;在混凝土构件中,钢筋混凝土板的极限承载力提升3.8%;混凝土开裂时最大挠度提升51.2%。复掺膨胀剂及纤维能够改善板内应力分布,提升钢筋混凝土板的极限承载力及抗弯性能。

Chemotherapy-Induced Myelosuppression in Esophageal Cancer Patients:Risks and Suggestions for Its Management

Objective The influential factors of chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression in esophageal cancer in central China are unclear.This study aimed to investigate the effect of commonly used chemotherapy regimens on the incidence of myelosuppression in clinical treatment of esophageal cancer.Methods In this retrospective study,624 patients with esophageal cancer who received six different chemotherapy regimens between 2013 and 2020 at our institute were included.Chemotherapy consisted of lobaplatin,5-fluorouracil(5-F),lobaplatin and 5-F,nedaplatin,nedaplatin and paclitaxel(PTX),cisplatin and PTX.Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to explore the risk of myelosuppression among the six different chemotherapy regimens.Results Compared with lobaplatin group,the incidence of myelosuppression in patients treated with chemotherapy regimens of lobaplatin and 5-F,nedaplatin,nedaplatin and PTX and cisplatin and PTX were significantly ameliorated.The dose of lobaplatin was significantly reduced(P=0.007)when lobaplatin was combined with 5-F,and the combination could significantly reduce the risk of myelosuppression(P=0.022).Furthermore,chemotherapeutic regimens,the dose of platinum,hemoglobin and uric acid levels,age,sex,total bilirubin and immune-enhancing drugs were found to be strong predictors of developing myelosuppression.Conclusion Targeted preventive interventions that enhance immune function,reduce uric acid levels and choose combined medication during chemotherapy should be implemented for high-risk patients to reduce the occurrence of myelosuppression.In addition,the dose of lobaplatin should be adjusted when combined with other chemotherapy drugs to reduce the incidence of myelosuppression.

Security-aware Signal Packing Algorithm for CAN-based Automotive Cyber-physical Systems

Network and software integration pose severe challenges in cyber-security for controller area network (CAN)-based automotive cyber-physical system (ACPS), therefore we employ message authentication code (MAC) to defend CAN against masquerade attack, but the consequent bandwidth overhead makes it a necessity to find the tradeoff among security, real-time and bandwidth utilization for signal packing problem (SPP) of CAN. A mixed-security signal model is firstly proposed to formally describe the properties and requirements on security and real-time for signals, and then a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) formulation of SPP security-aware signal packing (SASP) is implemented to solve the tradeoff problem, where the bandwidth utilization is improved and the requirements in both security and real-time are met. Experiments based on both society of automotive engineers (SAE) standard signal set and simulated signal set showed the effectiveness of SASP by comparing with the state-of-the-art algorithm. © 2014 Chinese Association of Automation.

Establishment of a prediction model for prehospital return of spontaneous circulation in out-of-hospital patients with cardiac arrest

BACKGROUND Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest(OHCA)is a leading cause of death worldwide.AIM To explore factors influencing prehospital return of spontaneous circulation(P-ROSC)in patients with OHCA and develop a nomogram prediction model.METHODS Clinical data of patients with OHCA in Shenzhen,China,from January 2012 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)regression and multivariate logistic regression were applied to select the optimal factors predicting P-ROSC in patients with OHCA.A nomogram prediction model was established based on these influencing factors.Discrimination and calibration were assessed using receiver operating charac-teristic(ROC)and calibration curves.Decision curve analysis(DCA)was used to evaluate the model’s clinical utility.RESULTS Among the included 2685 patients with OHCA,the P-ROSC incidence was 5.8%.LASSO and multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that age,bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR),initial rhythm,CPR duration,ventilation mode,and pathogenesis were independent factors influencing P-ROSC in these patients.The area under the ROC was 0.963.The calibration plot demonstrated that the predicted P-ROSC model was concordant with the actual P-ROSC.The good clinical usability of the prediction model was confirmed using DCA.CONCLUSION The nomogram prediction model could effectively predict the probability of P-ROSC in patients with OHCA.

Clinical data analysis reveals the role of OGR1 (GPR68) in head and neck squamous cancer

Background:Head and neck squamous cancer(HNSC)frequently occurs in the clinic.Revealing the role of the genes that correlate with cancer cell outgrowth will contribute to potential treatment target identification and tumor inhibition.Methods:The gene expression profiles and gene ontology of the proton-sensing G-protein-coupled receptor OGR1 were analyzed using the TCGA(The Cancer Genome Atlas)database.The effects of sex,age,race,and degree of malignancy on HNSC were investigated,and the survival times of HNSC patients with high or low/medium expression levels of OGR1 were compared.Methylation of the OGR1 promoter CpG sites was also investigated and OGR1-related genes were analyzed using gene set enrichment analysis.Results:OGR1 is overexpressed in HNSC patients.However,compared with the low/median expression group,the high OGR1 expression group did not have different survival rates.The OGR1 expression level differed across sex,age,race,and degree of malignancy,while the methylation of the OGR1 promoter CpG sites was maintained at a similar level.Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that OGR1 was positively correlated with head and neck cancer,cisplatin resistance,hypoxia,angiogenesis,cell migration,and TGF-β.Conclusion:The expression of OGR1 correlated with HNSC progression and survival and thus can serve as a potential treatment target and prognostic marker.

Understanding fundamentals of electrochemical reactions with tender X-rays:A new lab-based operando X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy method for probing liquid/solid and gas/solid interfaces across a variety of electrochemical systems

Electrocatalysis is key to improving energy efficiency,reducing carbon emissions,and providing a sustainable way of meeting global energy needs.Therefore,elucidating electrochemical reaction mechanisms at the electrolyte/electrode interfaces is essential for developing advanced renewable energy technologies.However,the direct probing of real-time interfacial changes,i.e.,the surface intermediates,chemical environment,and electronic structure,under operating conditions is challenging and necessitates the use of in situ methods.Herein,we present a new lab-based instrument commissioned to perform in situ chemical analysis at liquid/solid interfaces using ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(APXPS).This setup takes advantage of a chromium source of tender X-rays and is designed to study liquid/solid interfaces by the“dip and pull”method.Each of the main components was carefully described,and the results of performance tests are presented.Using a three-electrode setup,the system can probe the intermediate species and potential shifts across the liquid electrolyte/solid electrode interface.In addition,we demonstrate how this system allows the study of interfacial changes at gas/solid interfaces using a case study:a sodium–oxygen model battery.However,the use of APXPS in electrochemical studies is still in the early stages,so we summarize the current challenges and some developmental frontiers.Despite the challenges,we expect that joint efforts to improve instruments and the electrochemical setup will enable us to obtain a better understanding of the composition–reactivity relationship at electrochemical interfaces under realistic reaction conditions.

A new Ignition-Growth reaction rate model for shock initiation

Accurately predicting reactive flow is a challenge when characterizing an explosive under external shock stimuli as the shock initiation time is on the order of a microsecond.The present study constructs a new Ignition-Growth reaction rate model,which can describe the shock initiation processes of explosives with different initial densities,particle sizes and loading pressures by only one set of model parameters.Compared with the Lee-Tarver reaction rate model,the new Ignition-Growth reaction rate model describes better the shock initiation process of explosives and requires fewer model parameters.Moreover,the shock initiation of a 2,4-Dinitroanisole(DNAN)-based melt-cast explosive RDA-2(DNAN/HMX(octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazoncine)/aluminum)are investigated both experimentally and numerically.A series of shock initiation experiments is performed with manganin piezoresistive pressure gauges and corresponding numerical simulations are carried out with the new Ignition-Growth reaction rate model.The RDA-2 explosive is found to have higher critical initiation pressure and lower shock sensitivity than traditional explosives(such as the Comp.B explosive).The calibrated reaction rate model parameters of RDA-2 could provide numerical basis for its further application.

Formation of multifaceted nano-groove structure on rutile TiO_(2) photoanode for efficient electron-hole separation and water splitting

Photoelectrochemical(PEC)water-splitting using solar energy holds great promise for the renewable energy future,and a key challenge in the development of industry viable PEC devices is the unavailability of high-efficient photoanodes.Herein,we designed a TiO_(2) model photocatalyst with nano-groove pattern and different surface orientation using low-energy Ar+irradiation and photoetching of TiO_(2),and significantly improved the intrinsic activity for PEC water oxidation.High-resolution transmission electron microscopy directly manifests that the grooves consist of highly stepped surface with<110>steps and well-crystallized.Transient absorption spectroscopy reveals the groove surface that allows for increased recovery lifetime,which ensures promoted electron-hole separation efficiency.Surface photovoltage directly shows the carrier separation and transportation behaviors,verified by selective photodeposition,demonstrating the groove surface on TiO_(2) contributes to electron-hole separation.This work proposes an efficient and scalable photoanode strategy,which potentially can open new opportunities for achieving efficient PEC water oxidation performance.

Effect of Combined Application of Humic Acid and Urea on the Wheat Growth and Yield

This paper aims to research the effects of combined application of humic acid and urea on the wheat yield and yield component,and establish rational fertilizer application scheme of wheat. Split plot experiment was adopted. Two types of phosphorus fertilizer( adding humic acid or not) was assigned to the main plot,and four types of top dressing modes( different amount of urea and humic acid urea) were used in subplots. Effects of combined application of humic acid and urea on the wheat yield and yield component were researched. 375 kg / ha ordinary DAP + 150 kg / ha urea was used as base fertilizer; topdressing of 300 kg / ha urea humate could effectively promote the plant height,leaf area coefficient and aboveground dry matter amount. Adding humic acid in urea in topdressing significantly enhanced the wheat yield and economic coefficient of wheat. Adding humic acid in urea in topdressing has better effects of yield increasing than base fertilizer,and can be used for large scale extension.

Joint DOA and polarization estimation for unequal power sources based on reconstructed noise subspace

In most literature about joint direction of arrival（DOA） and polarization estimation, the case that sources possess different power levels is seldom discussed. However, this case exists widely in practical applications, especially in passive radar systems. In this paper, we propose a joint DOA and polarization estimation method for unequal power sources based on the reconstructed noise subspace. The invariance property of noise subspace（IPNS） to power of sources has been proved an effective method to estimate DOA of unequal power sources. We develop the IPNS method for joint DOA and polarization estimation based on a dual polarized array. Moreover, we propose an improved IPNS method based on the reconstructed noise subspace, which has higher resolution probability than the IPNS method. It is theoretically proved that the IPNS to power of sources is still valid when the eigenvalues of the noise subspace are changed artificially. Simulation results show that the resolution probability of the proposed method is enhanced compared with the methods based on the IPNS and the polarimetric multiple signal classification（MUSIC） method. Meanwhile, the proposed method has approximately the same estimation accuracy as the IPNS method for the weak source.

Fine-mapping and characterisation of genes on barley(Hordeum vulgare)chromosome 2H for salinity stress tolerance during germination

Salinity causes a detrimental impact on plant growth,particularly when the stress occurs during germination and early development stages.Barley is one of the most salt-tolerant crops;previously we mapped two quantitative trait loci(QTL)for salinity tolerance during germination on the short arm of chromosome 2 H using a CM72/Gairdner doubled haploid(DH)population.Here,we narrowed down the major QTL to a region of 0.341 or 0.439 Mb containing 9 or 24 candidate genes belonging to 6 or 20 functional gene families according to barley reference genomes v1 and v3 respectively,using two DH populations of CM72/Gairdner and Skiff/CM72,F_(2)and F;generations of CM72/Gairdner/;Spartacus CL,Two Receptorlike kinase 4(RLPK4)v1 or Receptor-like kinase(RLK)v3 could be the candidates for enhanced germination under salinity stress because of their upregulated expression in salt-tolerant variety CM72.Besides,several insertion/deletion polymorphisms were identified within the 3 rd exon of the genes between CM72 and Gairdner.The sequence variations resulted in shifted functional protein domains,which may be associated with differences in salinity tolerance.Two molecular markers were designed for selecting the locus with receptor-like protein kinase 4,and one was inside HORVU2 Hr1 G111760.1 or HORVU.MOREX.r3.2 HG0202810.1.The diagnostic markers will allow for pyramiding of 2 H locus in barley varieties and facilitate genetic improvement for saline soils.Further,validation of the genes to elucidate the mechanisms involved in enhancing salinity tolerance at germination and designing RLPK4 specific markers is proposed.For this publication,all the analysis was based on barley reference genome of2017(v1),and it was used throughout for consistence.However,the positions of the markers and genes identified were updated according to new genome(v3)for reference.