Processing impact on volatile compounds profile in higholeic and normal peanut oil

With the improvement of living quality, high-oleic peanuts have drawn people’s attention. Increasing oleic acid content of peanut oil should be desired for improving shelf life and potential health benefits. The flavor is among the most important quality attributes for commercial acceptance of peanuts products. The volatile components of high-oleic pea-nuts oil and normal-oleic lines were compared in this research. First, volatile components of peanut oils were analyzed and identified by solid-phase microextraction/gas chroma- tography/mass spectrometry （SPME/GC/MS）. Then principal components analysis （PCA） was used to identify principal volatile components in peanut oils of different cultivars fo卜 lowing three different processing methods, including roasting, boiling and roasting, and roasting by microwave-assisted. The results showed that there were obvious differences of the volatile components between high-oleic and normal peanut oils. Among different pro-cessing method of peanuts, there was no clear separation on volatile components observed between roasting and boiling and roasting by microwave-assisted. Moreover, the same genotype had the similar flavor characteristic. Different processing methods had no signifi-cant effect on volatile components in peanut oils.

Insights into Nano-and Micro-Structured Scaffolds for Advanced Electrochemical Energy Storage

Adopting a nano-and micro-structuring approach to fully unleashing the genuine potential of electrode active material benefits in-depth understandings and research progress toward higher energy density electrochemical energy stor-age devices at all technology readiness levels.Due to various challenging issues,especially limited stability,nano-and micro-structured(NMS)electrodes undergo fast electrochemical performance degradation.The emerging NMS scaffold design is a pivotal aspect of many electrodes as it endows them with both robustness and electrochemical performance enhancement,even though it only occupies comple-mentary and facilitating components for the main mechanism.However,extensive efforts are urgently needed toward optimizing the stereoscopic geometrical design of NMS scaffolds to minimize the volume ratio and maximize their functionality to fulfill the ever-increasing dependency and desire for energy power source supplies.This review will aim at highlighting these NMS scaffold design strategies,summariz-ing their corresponding strengths and challenges,and thereby outlining the potential solutions to resolve these challenges,design principles,and key perspectives for future research in this field.Therefore,this review will be one of the earliest reviews from this viewpoint.

FCF-LDH/BiVO_(4)with synergistic effect of physical enrichment and chemical adsorption for efficient reduction of nitrate

Photoelectrochemical NO_(3)^(-)reduction(PEC NITRR)not only provides a promising solution for promoting the global nitrogen cycle,but also converts NO_(3)^(-)to the important chemicals(NH_(3)).However,it is still a great challenge to prepare catalysts with excellent NO_(3)^(-)adsorption/activation capacity to achieve high NITRR.Herein,we designed a novel Fe^(2+)~Cu^(2+)Fe^(3+)LDH/BiVO_(4)(FCF-LDH/BVO)catalyst with synergistic effect of chemical adsorption and physical enrichment.Fe^(2+)in FCF-LDH/BVO provides the rich Lewis acid sites for the adsorption of NO_(3)^(-),and the appropriate layer spacing of FCF-LDH further promotes the physical enrichment of NO_(3)^(-)in its interior,thus realizing the effective contact between NO_(3)^(-)and active sites(Fe^(2+)).FCF-LDH/BVO showed excellent NH_(3)production performance(FE_(NH_(3))=66.1%,r_(NH_(3))=13.8μg h^(-1)cm^(-2))and selectivity(FE_(NO_(2)^(-))=2.5%,r_(NO_(2)^(-))=4.9μg h^(-1)cm^(-2))in 0.5 mol L^(-1)Na_(2)SO_(4)electrolyte.In addition,FCF-LDH/BVO maintains the desirable PEC stability for six cycle experiments,showing great potential for practical application.The^(14)NO_(3)^(-)and^(15)NO_(3)^(-)isotope test provides strong evidence for further verification of the origin of N in the generated NH_(3).This LDH catalyst has a great potential in PEC removal of NO_(3)^(-)from groundwater.

Dual-Functional Electrode Promoting Dendrite-Free and CO_(2) Utilization Enabled High-Reversible Symmetric Na-CO_(2) Batteries

Sodium-carbon dioxide(Na-CO_(2))batteries are regarded as promising energy storage technologies because of their impressive theoretical energy density and CO_(2)reutilization,but their practical applications are restricted by uncontrollable sodium dendrite growth and poor electrochemical kinetics of CO_(2)cathode.Constructing suitable multifunctional electrodes for dendritefree anodes and kinetics-enhanced CO_(2)cathodes is considered one of the most important ways to advance the practical application of Na-CO_(2)batteries.Herein,RuO2 nanoparticles encapsulated in carbon paper(RuCP)are rationally designed and employed as both Na anode host and CO_(2)cathode in Na-CO_(2)batteries.The outstanding sodiophilicity and high catalytic activity of RuCP electrodes can simultaneously contribute to homogenous Na+distribution and dendrite-free sodium structure at the anode,as well as strengthen discharge and charge kinetics at the cathode.The morphological evolution confirmed the uniform deposition of Na on RuCP anode with dense and flat interfaces,delivering enhanced Coulombic efficiency of 99.5%and cycling stability near 1500 cycles.Meanwhile,Na-CO_(2)batteries with RuCP cathode demonstrated excellent cycling stability(>350 cycles).Significantly,implementation of a dendrite-free RuCP@Na anode and catalytic-site-rich RuCP cathode allowed for the construction of a symmetric Na-CO_(2)battery with long-duration cyclability,offering inspiration for extensive practical uses of Na-CO_(2)batteries.

Recent progress and future prospects of high-entropy materials for battery applications

Due to the energy crisis caused by limited fossil fuel reserves,extensive use of the renewable energy sources such as wind or solar energy is deemed to replace the use of traditional fossil fuels in the future^([1−3]).However,most renewable energy sources face the same problem,which is the intermittency of energy.For example,solar energy cannot be utilized at night.That means the continuous energy demand required for large-scale power grids can’t be satisfied by a single solar panel model.

叶用萝卜新品种彩萝1号的选育

彩萝1号是以四川省南充市地方品种红皮萝卜自然变异株为基础种质材料,经多代系统选育而成的高花青素含量叶用萝卜。该品种在四川地区秋季露地种植生育期约37 d,冬季露地种植生育期约64 d。株型半直立,平均株高27 cm;肉质根不发达,根皮红色,根肉白色;板叶,成熟叶片正面呈红色,叶脉、叶柄红色,叶面光泽无刺毛。商品期叶片数8~10片,平均单株质量约33 g,667 m^(2)产量2200 kg左右,叶片花青素总含量(w,后同)177 mg·kg^(-1),钼含量0.21 mg·kg^(-1);田间表现抗霜霉病、病毒病。适宜在四川省平坝浅丘地区秋冬季露地种植。2023年通过四川省非主要农作物品种认定委员会认定。

叶用芥菜新品种“南冬1号”的选育

“南冬1号”是以四川省南充市地方叶用芥菜品种“南充冬菜”为基础种质材料,经多代系统选育而成的芥菜新品种。该品种在四川地区秋季露地种植播收期约120 d,株型半直立,平均株高48 cm,株幅73 cm;板叶,叶色浓绿,叶面微皱,叶片倒卵圆形,无刺毛,先端钝圆,叶片边缘呈波状,有效商品叶片数18片左右;平均单株质量1152 g,667 m^(2)平均产量3650 kg;抗霜霉病,抗病毒病。适宜在四川省成都市、南充市、广安市等地的平坝浅丘地区或类似生态区秋季露地种植。2023年通过四川省非主要农作物品种认定委员会认定。

江西建昌帮炆远志对东莨菪碱致小鼠学习记忆障碍的影响

目的:研究建昌帮炆远志对东莨菪碱致痴呆模型小鼠学习记忆障碍的改善作用,比较其炮制前后益智药效的差异。方法:采用腹腔注射2 mg/kg东莨菪碱制备学习记忆障碍小鼠模型,进行Morris水迷宫实验观察其逃避潜伏期、原平台停留时间与穿台次数,并测定各组小鼠脑组织中乙酰胆碱(ACH)、乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)、乙酰胆碱转移酶(ChAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)水平。结果:与空白组比较,模型组逃避潜伏期明显延长(P<0.01),原平台停留时间和穿台次数明显减少(P<0.01,P<0.05),脑组织ACH、ChAT、SOD水平明显降低(P<0.01),AChE与MDA水平明显上升(P<0.01)。与模型组比较,各炮制品给药后能明显缩短逃避潜伏期(P<0.01,P<0.05),增加原平台停留时间(P<0.05),其中炆远志高剂量与制远志的穿台次数明显增加(P<0.05);生远志组ACH、ChAT水平明显升高(P<0.05),AChE、MDA水平明显降低(P<0.01,P<0.05),制远志与炆远志高剂量组ACH、ChAT、SOD水平均明显上升(P<0.01,P<0.05),AChE、MDA水平明显下降(P<0.01,P<0.05)。另外,炆远志高、中、低剂量组对各指标改善结果,提示其药效作用与剂量存在依赖性。结论:远志炮制前后均可明显改善模型小鼠学习记忆障碍,其作用机制可能与调节中枢胆碱能系统功能与抗氧化应激反应有关,但与生远志相比,炆远志与制远志改善效果更为显著,并存在剂量依赖性,这为远志经炆制后增强益智之效可提供数据支撑。

基于HPLC建立建昌帮姜天麻炮制前后主成分含量测定方法

目的:采用HPLC法测定天麻姜制前后6种主要成分含量,以研究姜制对天麻主要化学成分变化的影响,为深入研究姜制天麻炮制机理提供数据支撑。方法:以不同产地的10个批次天麻和姜天麻为检测样品,采用HPLC法检测并比较天麻姜制前后天麻素、对羟基苯甲醇、巴利森苷E(Parishin E,PE)、巴利森苷A(Parishin A,PA)、巴利森苷B(Parishin B,PB)、巴利森苷C(Parishin C,PC)含量变化规律。结果:天麻中天麻素、对羟基苯甲醇、PA、PB、PC、PE含量范围分别为0.15%~0.54%、0.01~0.14%、0.20%~1.31%、0.18%~0.61%、0.02%~0.11%、0.09%~0.19%,姜天麻中分别为0.32%~0.72%、0.01%~0.10%、0.27%~0.95%、0.23%~0.66%、0.06%~0.16%、0.12%~0.31%。结论:天麻经姜制后6种有效成分均发生不同程度变化,其中天麻素、PC两个成分变化最为显著,本实验建立的方法可为天麻和姜天麻质量标准研究提供依据,也为深入研究天麻炮制变化机理奠定基础。

基于“院园融合”的工业设计专业现代学徒制培养模式探索与实践

创新驱动背景下,产业发展面临新的变化,工业设计可以为中小企业创新生态系统的形成提供支持。但数据表明高职工业设计专业毕业生从事专业核心岗位工作的比例却不足20%。专业立足工业设计师岗位职责、专业能力和职业素养的因素模型,坚持以企业工作室为载体,工业设计促进中心和工业设计产业园为平台,开展现代学徒制培养模式的探索与实践,为宁波乃至浙江培养了德才兼备的高水平高素质设计人才,得到了社会的广泛认可。

脊柱阶段性解剖特点及其损伤的力学机制与诊疗策略

脊柱在结构支撑、力学传递及神经保护方面发挥着重要的作用。脊柱损伤及其造成的畸形、残疾在现代社会日益引起临床工作者的重视,但由于其解剖结构和损伤的生物力学机制复杂,损伤后往往难以判断其稳定性,为精准的临床治疗带来困难。此外,临床医生少有机会通过常规渠道系统地学习生物力学知识,导致其对脊柱损伤机制及损伤后结构改变所带来的力学影响,认识不深刻,判断不准确,容易造成治疗效果不佳、愈后差等问题。为了简明地了解相关的生理力学特点及损伤机制,本文综述了脊柱的解剖结构和受力时的生物力学特点,并以常见的脊柱骨折为例阐述了颈椎、胸椎、腰椎损伤的发生机制,着重分析了影响脊柱稳定性的相关因素,为临床决策提供理论参考。

Metformin targets multiple signaling pathways in cancer

Metformin,an inexpensive and well-tolerated oral agent commonly used in the first-line treatment of type 2 diabetes,has become the focus of intense research as a candidate anticancer agent.Here,we discuss the potential of metformin in cancer therapeutics,particularly its functions in multiple signaling pathways,including AMP-activated protein kinase,mammalian target of rapamycin,insulin-like growth factor,c-Jun N-terminal kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase(p38 MARK),human epidermal growth factor receptor-2,and nuclear factor kappaB pathways.In addition,cutting-edge targeting of cancer stem cells by metformin is summarized.

S-1 plus gemcitabine chemotherapy followed by concurrent radiotherapy and maintenance therapy with S-1 for unresectable pancreatic cancer

AIM: To investigate the feasibility and efficacy of the combination of S-1 with gemcitabine followed by oral S-1 with concurrent radiotherapy (intensity modulated radiotherapy, IMRT) and maintenance therapy with S-1 for locally advanced pancreatic cancer.

Anode materials for potassium-ion batteries: Current status and prospects

Potassium-ion batteries(KIBs)as one of the most promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries have been highly valued in recent years.However,progress in KIBs is largely restricted by the sluggish development in anode materials.Therefore,it is imperative to systematically outline and evaluate the recent research advances in the field of anode materials for KIBs toward promoting the development of high-performance anode materials for KIBs.In this review,the recent achievements in anode materials for KIBs are summarized.The electrochemical properties(ie.charge storage mechanism,capacity,rate performance,and cycling stability)of these reported anode materials,as well as their advantages/disadvantages,are discerned and analyzed,enabling high-performance KIBs to meet the requirements for practical applications.Finally,technological developments,scientific challenges,and future research opportunities of anode materials for KIBs are briefly reviewed.

Recent progress and future prospect of novel multi-ion storage devices

Rechargeable batteries,especially lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),have made rapid development since the 21st century,greatly facilitating people's lives[1−6].Based on considerations of cost and existing problems(such as safety issues due to LIBs stacking strategy and unsatisfactory performance for various applications),researchers have explored alternative technologies to LIBs to meet the needs for wide application scenarios[5].Among them,multi-ion storage devices such as dual-ion batteries(DIBs)and metal-ion hybrid capacitors(MIHCs)are considered promising alternative energy storage devices of LIBs due to their unique multi-ion storage mechanism.In a multi-ion storage device,cations and anions carry charges back and forth between the electrolyte and the electrodes at the same time,unlike the rocking chair mechanism of LIBs[7].Generally,the anodes of DIBs and MIHCs work in a similar mechanism to LIBs,storing charge through redox reactions.The main difference among them is the mechanism of the cathodes during charging and discharging[8].In DIBs,the battery-type cathode stores anions through the Faraday reaction.

Micro-nano structural electrode architecture for high power energy storage

The necessity and superiorities of micro-nano structural electrodes toward high power:Electrochemical energy storage(EES)technologies have achieved great success in portable electronics and electric vehicles owing to their environmental friendliness and cost effectiveness.With the promotional concepts such as the Internet of Things and ultra-high efficiency self-powered systems in recent years,there are substantial demand for superior EES systems,including but not limited to high-performance,miniaturization and multifunction[1−4].In a particular EES cell,active materials are carried by electrodes as the basic building blocks of energy storage or release.Material innovation(includes composition,structure,size and morphology)has revealed remarkable energy density,power density and lifespan for associated devices in the lab setting of low mass loading slurry-coating electrodes[5].

Realizing super-long Cu_2O nanowires arrays for high-efficient water splitting applications with a convenient approach

Nanowire(NW) structures is an alternative candidate for constructing the next generation photoelectrochemical water splitting system, due to the outstanding optical and electrical properties. NW photoelectrodes comparing to traditional semiconductor photoelectrodes shows the comparatively shorter transfer distance of photo-induced carriers and the increase amount of the surface reaction sites, which is beneficial for lowering the recombination probability of charge carriers and improving their photoelectrochemical(PEC) performances. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that super-long Cu_2O NWs, more than 4.5 μm,with highly efficient water splitting performance, were synthesized using a cost-effective anodic alumina oxide(AAO) template method. In comparison with the photocathode with planar Cu_2O films, the photocathode with Cu_2O NWs demonstrates a significant enhancement in photocurrent, from –1.00 to –2.75 mA/cm^2 at –0.8 V versus Ag/AgCl. After optimization of the photoelectrochemical electrode through depositing Pt NPs with atomic layer deposition(ALD) technology on the Cu_2O NWs, the plateau of photocurrent has been enlarged to –7 mA/cm^2 with the external quantum yield up to 34% at 410 nm. This study suggests that the photoelectrode based on Cu_2O NWs is a hopeful system for establishing high-efficiency water splitting system under visible light.

Highly-rough surface carbon nanofibers film as an effective interlayer for lithium–sulfur batteries

Lithium–sulfur(Li–S)battery with a new configuration is demonstrated by inserting a flexible nitrogen-doping carbon nanofiber(N-CNFs)interlayer between the sulfur cathode and the separator.The N-CNFs film with high surface roughness and surface area is fabricated by electrospinning and a subsequent calcination process.The N-CNFs film interlayer not only effectively traps the shuttling migration of polysulfides but also gives the whole battery reliable electronic conductivity,which can effectively enhance the electrochemical performance of Li–S batteries.Finally,Li–S batteries with long cycling stability of 785 mAh/g after 200 cycles and good rate capability of 573 mAh/g at 5 C are achieved.

萝卜紫红叶色突变体的色素含量及光合特性研究

萝卜作为重要的蔬菜作物,其叶色突变体是培育萝卜新品种的优良种质,是进行叶片色彩变异、色素合成、遗传发育调控机制等一系列研究的理想材料。以化学诱变获得的能够稳定遗传的萝卜叶色突变体mu17为材料,以突变亲本Ra9为对照,观测其植物学性状,测定了光合特性、色素含量、叶绿体超微结构,并采用qRT-PCR检测叶片花青素代谢与调控路径相关基因的表达差异。结果显示:相比于同一时期的对照Ra9植株,萝卜突变体mu17的叶片在整个营养生长期内表现为紫红色,生长较为缓慢,气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度、蒸腾速率明显升高,但净光合速率显著下降;叶绿素a、b与类胡萝卜素含量均低于对照Ra9,叶片花青素含量则显著高于对照Ra9。由此,推测花青素含量的积累和叶绿素含量的降低是突变体mu17叶色发生变化的主要因素,也是其光合作用下降、植株生长缓慢的主要原因。突变体mu17的花青素合成基因RsCHI、RsCHS、RsF3H及其调控基因RsMYB3、RsMYB4、RsMYB114、RsbHLH155表达水平,均与对照Ra9差异显著;推测RsMYB、RsbHLH等转录因子通过协同调控萝卜花青素合成相关基因RsCHS、RsCHI、RsF3H等的表达水平,促使紫红叶突变体花青素大量积累。上述从生理与分子水平上初步探究了萝卜彩叶突变体的叶色变化机理,为即将开展的突变基因精细定位与图位克隆奠定了良好基础,为改良和培育萝卜新品种提供了理论依据。

Safe conservation and utilization of peanut germplasm resources in the Oil Crops Middle-term Genebank of China

Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)is an important oil and cash crop in the world.Peanut germplasm collected in China are abundant,which provides important material guarantee for peanut breeding and industrial development.Here,the safe conservation technology and indicators of peanut germplasm resources in the Oil Crops Middleterm Genebank of China were expounded from three processes of storage,monitoring,reproduction and renewal.We summarized and reviewed the situation of conservation and utilization of peanut germplasm resources in the Middle-term Genebank in the past 20 years.The future research direction of peanut resources in the Oil Crops Middle-term Genebank of China is prospected.