We report a systematic study on layered metal SrCu_(4-x)P_(2) single crystals via transport, magnetization, thermodynamic measurements and structural characterization. We find that the crystals show large linear magne...We report a systematic study on layered metal SrCu_(4-x)P_(2) single crystals via transport, magnetization, thermodynamic measurements and structural characterization. We find that the crystals show large linear magnetoresistance without any sign of saturation with a magnetic field up to 30T. We also observe a phase transition with significant anomalies in resistivity and heat capacity at T_(p)~140 K. Thermal expansion measurement reveals a subtle lattice parameter variation near Tp, i.e.,?L_(c)/L_(c)~0.062%. The structural characterization confines that there is no structure transition below and above T_(p). All these results suggest that the nonmagnetic transition of SrCu_(4-x)P_(2) could be associated with structural distortion.展开更多
We present the synthesis of TaCoTe_(2) single crystals and a systematic investigation of the physical properties of bulk crystals and thin flakes.The crystal shows a semiconducting behavior with temperature decreasing...We present the synthesis of TaCoTe_(2) single crystals and a systematic investigation of the physical properties of bulk crystals and thin flakes.The crystal shows a semiconducting behavior with temperature decreasing from room temperature and turns to a metallic behavior below 38 K.When the magnetic field is applied,the temperature-dependent resistivity curves show an upturn below 10 K.Furthermore,we find that the TaCoTe_(2) single crystal can be easily exfoliated from the bulk crystal by the micromechanical exfoliation method.Our measurements suggest that the nanoflakes have properties similar to those of the bulk crystal when the thickness is lowered to 18 nm.展开更多
The compounds composed of transition metal cations and pnictide anions provide a rich platform for studying novel physical phenomena.Here we report on the observation of a phase transition at~70 K and 145 K in layered...The compounds composed of transition metal cations and pnictide anions provide a rich platform for studying novel physical phenomena.Here we report on the observation of a phase transition at~70 K and 145 K in layered compound EuCu_(4)As_(2)and SrCu_(4)As_(2),respectively.from both the transport and heat capacity.The thermal expansion measurements show that the variation of the lattice parameters(△L_(b)/L_(ab))around T_(P) is much less than that for a typical crystalline phase transition.Our experimental results reveal that the transition in EuCu_(4)As_(2)and SrCu_(4)As_(2)should be driven by subtle structural-distortion.展开更多
Pyrolysis of methyl ricinoleate(MR)can produce undecylenic acid methyl ester and heptanal which are important chemicals.Atomization feeding favors the heat exchange in the pyrolysis process and hence increases the pro...Pyrolysis of methyl ricinoleate(MR)can produce undecylenic acid methyl ester and heptanal which are important chemicals.Atomization feeding favors the heat exchange in the pyrolysis process and hence increases the product yield.Herein,predictive models to characterize the atomization process were developed.The effect of spray distance on Sauter mean diameter(SMD)of atomized MR droplets was examined,with the optimal spray distance to be 40-50 mm.Temperature mainly affected the physical properties of feedstock,with smaller droplet size obtained at increasing temperature.In addition,pressure had significant influence on SMD and higher pressure resulted in smaller atomized droplets.Then,a model for SMD prediction,combining temperature,pressure,spray distance,and structural parameters of nozzle,was developed through dimensionless analysis.The results showed that SMD was a power function of Reynolds number(Re),Ohnesorge number(Oh),and the ratio of spray distance to diameter of swirl chamber in the nozzle(H/dsc),with the exponents of-1.6618,-1.3205 and 0.1038,respectively.The experimental measured SMD was in good agreement with the calculated values,with the error within±15%.Moreover,the droplet size distribution was studied by establishing the relationship between the standard deviation of droplet size and SMD.This study could provide reference to the regulation and optimization of the atomization process in MR pyrolysis.展开更多
Hydrodynamic cavitation,a newly developed process intensification technique,has demonstrated immense potential for intensifying diverse physical and chemical processes.In this study,hydrodynamic cavitation was explore...Hydrodynamic cavitation,a newly developed process intensification technique,has demonstrated immense potential for intensifying diverse physical and chemical processes.In this study,hydrodynamic cavitation was explored as an efficient method for the formation of sub-100 nm oil-in-water(O/W) emulsions with high stability.O/W emulsion with an average droplet size of 27 nm was successfully prepared.The average droplet size of O/W emulsions decreased with the increase of the inlet pressure,number of cavitation passes and surfactant concentration.The formed emulsion exhibited admirable physical stability during 8 months.Moreover,the hydrodynamic cavitation method can be generalized to fabricate large varieties of O/W emulsions,which showed great potential for large-scale formation of O/W emulsions with lower energy consumption.展开更多
Biodiesel was used to prepare epoxidized fatty acid isobutyl esters(Ep-FABEs)as a biobased plasticizer in this work.Transesterification of biodiesel with isobutanol catalyzed by tetrabutyl titanate was carried out in ...Biodiesel was used to prepare epoxidized fatty acid isobutyl esters(Ep-FABEs)as a biobased plasticizer in this work.Transesterification of biodiesel with isobutanol catalyzed by tetrabutyl titanate was carried out in a gas-liquid tower reactor.The conversion achieved nearly 100%within 5 h under the reaction temperature,the mass ratio of catalyst to fatty acid methyl esters(FAMEs),and isobutanol to FAMEs total molar ratio of 180℃,0.4%(mass),and 5.4:1,respectively.In addition,kinetic model of the transesterification reaction was developed at 150–190℃.The calculated activation energy was 48.93 kJ·mol^(-1).Then,the epoxidation of obtained fatty acid isobutyl esters(FABEs)was conducted in the presence of formic acid and hydrogen peroxide.The Ep-FABEs was further analyzed for its plasticizing effectiveness to replace dioctyl phthalate(DOP)and compared with conventional epoxy plasticizer epoxidized fatty acid methyl esters(Ep-FAMEs).The results indicated that the thermal stability and mechanical properties of PVC films with Ep-FABEs plasticizer were significantly improved compared with those plasticized with DOP.In addition,the extraction resistance and migration stability of Ep-FABEs were better than those of EpFAMEs.Overall,the prepared Ep-FABEs via structural modification of biodiesel proved to be a promising biobased plasticizer.展开更多
Zygomycetes are phylogenetically early diverging,ecologically diverse,industrially valuable,agriculturally beneficial,and clinically pathogenic fungi.Although new phyla and subphyla have been constantly established to...Zygomycetes are phylogenetically early diverging,ecologically diverse,industrially valuable,agriculturally beneficial,and clinically pathogenic fungi.Although new phyla and subphyla have been constantly established to accommodate spe-cific members and a subkingdom Mucoromyceta,comprising Calcarisporiellomycota,Glomeromycota,Mortierellomycota and Mucoromycota,was erected to unite core zygomycetous fungi,phylogenetic relationships within phyla have not been well resolved.Taking account of the information of monophyly and divergence time estimated from ITS and LSU rDNA sequences,the present study updates the classification framework of the phylum Mucoromycota from the class down to the generic rank:three classes,three orders,20 families(including five new families Circinellaceae,Protomycocladaceae,Rhizomucoraceae,Syzygitaceae and Thermomucoraceae)and 64 genera.The taxonomic hierarchy was calibrated with estimated divergence times:phylum earlier than 617 Mya,classes and orders earlier than 547 Mya,families earlier than 199 Mya,and genera earlier than 12 Mya.Along with this outline,all genera of Mucoromycota are annotated and 58 new species are described.In addition,three new combinations are proposed.In this study,we update the taxonomic backbone of the phylum Mucoromycota and reinforce its phylogeny.We also contribute numerous new taxa and enrich the diversity of Mucoromycota.展开更多
Although the accomplishments of microbiome engineering highlight its significance for the targeted manipulation of microbial communities,knowledge and technical gaps still limit the applications of microbiome engineer...Although the accomplishments of microbiome engineering highlight its significance for the targeted manipulation of microbial communities,knowledge and technical gaps still limit the applications of microbiome engineering in biotechnology,especially for environmental use.Addressing the environmental challenges of refractory pollutants and fluctuating environmental conditions requires an adequate understanding of the theoretical achievements and practical applications of microbiome engineering.Here,we review recent cutting-edge studies on microbiome engineering strategies and their classical applications in bioremediation.Moreover,a framework is summarized for combining both top-down and bottom-up approaches in microbiome engineering toward improved applications.A strategy to engineer microbiomes for environmental use,which avoids the build-up of toxic intermediates that pose a risk to human health,is suggested.We anticipate that the highlighted framework and strategy will be beneficial for engineering microbiomes to address difficult environmental challenges such as degrading multiple refractory pollutants and sustain the performance of engineered microbiomes in situ with indigenous microorganisms under fluctuating conditions.展开更多
Linear relations between the adsorption free energies of nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR)intermediates limit the catalytic activity of single atom catalysts(SACs)to reach the optimal region.Significant improvements in...Linear relations between the adsorption free energies of nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR)intermediates limit the catalytic activity of single atom catalysts(SACs)to reach the optimal region.Significant improvements in NRR activity require the balance of binding strength of reaction intermediates.Herein,we have investigated the C_(3)N-supported monometallic(M/C_(3)N)and bimetallic(M_(1)M_(2)/C_(3)N)atoms for the electrochemical NRR by using density functional theory(DFT)calculations.The results show that this linear relation does exist for SACs because all the intermediates bind to the same site on M/C_(3)N.But the synergistic effect of the two atoms in M_(1)M_(2)/C_(3)N can create a more flexible adsorption site for intermediates,which results in the decoupling of adsorption free energies of key intermediates.Subsequently,the fundamental limitation of scaling relations on limiting potentials is broken through.Most notably,the optimal limiting potential is increased from−0.63 V for M/C_(3)N to−0.20 V for M_(1)M_(2)/C_(3)N.In addition,the presence of bimetallic atoms can also effectively inhibit the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)as well as improve the stability of the catalysts.This study proposes that the introduction of bimetallic atoms into C_(3)N is beneficial to break the linear relations and develop efficient NRR electrocatalysts.展开更多
Background: Although various therapies have been developed to treat malalignment in osteoarthritic knees, the pattern of malalignment progression is still unclear. This study aimed to identify homogeneous subgroups wi...Background: Although various therapies have been developed to treat malalignment in osteoarthritic knees, the pattern of malalignment progression is still unclear. This study aimed to identify homogeneous subgroups with distinct trajectories of malalignment progression in subjects with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and to determine corresponding risk factors.Methods: Eight-year follow-up (from 2004 to 2012) data on 1252 participants with symptomatic KOA from the Osteoarthritis Initiative were included. Varus/valgus angle progression was characterized by group-based trajectory models. Time-varying covariates were introduced into the model to investigate how they affected trajectories. Multinomial logistic regression for trajectory group membership was applied to ascertain risk factors.Results: Five subgroups were identified. Participants in the varus worsening trajectory (n = 166) or valgus worsening trajectory (n = 118) proceeded to worsen malalignment over time. The neutral trajectory (n = 378), varus stable trajectory (n = 328), and valgus stable trajectory (n = 262) maintained close to the initial varus/valgus angle over 8 years. Higher baseline Kellgren and Lawrence grade (odds ratio [OR] = 4.35,P < 0.001 for varus;OR= 3.85,P < 0.001 for valgus) and "severe" baseline malalignment (OR = 13.57,P < 0.001 for varus;OR = 23.04,P < 0.001 for valgus) were risk factors for worsening trajectories. The cutoff point of the baseline varus/valgus angle to discriminate between stable or worsening trajectory was -4.5° for varus and 3.6° for valgus.Conclusions: This study identified the malalignment progression pattern - minor malalignment (-4.5° to +3.6°) tends to remain stable, while major baseline malalignment is likely to progress. This provides a reference for therapy to prevent malalignment from deteriorating and emphasizes the necessity of determining the trigger factors for malalignment onset.展开更多
Metabolic division of labor(MDOL)represents a widespread natural phenomenon,whereby a complex metabolic pathway is shared between different strains within a community in a mutually beneficial manner.However,little is ...Metabolic division of labor(MDOL)represents a widespread natural phenomenon,whereby a complex metabolic pathway is shared between different strains within a community in a mutually beneficial manner.However,little is known about how the composition of such a microbial community is regulated.We hypothesized that when degradation of an organic compound is carried out via MDOL,the concentration and toxicity of the substrate modulate the benefit allocation between the two microbial populations,thus affecting the structure of this community.We tested this hypothesis by combining modeling with experiments using a synthetic consortium.Our modeling analysis suggests that the proportion of the population executing the first metabolic step can be simply estimated by Monod-like formulas governed by substrate concentration and toxicity.Our model and the proposed formula were able to quantitatively predict the structure of our synthetic consortium.Further analysis demonstrates that our rule is also applicable in estimating community structures in spatially structured environments.Together,our work clearly demonstrates that the structure of MDOL communities can be quantitatively predicted using available information on environmental factors,thus providing novel insights into how to manage artificial microbial systems for the wide application of the bioindustry.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos.2023YFA1607403,2021YFA1600201,and 2022YFA1602603)the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.U19A2093,U2032214,and U2032163)+5 种基金the Collaborative Innovation Program of Hefei Science Center,CAS (Grant No.2019HSC-CIP 001)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS (Grant No.2021117)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province (No.1908085QA15)the HFIPS Director’s Fund (Grant No.YZJJQY202304)the CASHIPS Director’s Fund (Grant No.YZJJ2022QN36)supported by the High Magnetic Field Laboratory of Anhui Province。
文摘We report a systematic study on layered metal SrCu_(4-x)P_(2) single crystals via transport, magnetization, thermodynamic measurements and structural characterization. We find that the crystals show large linear magnetoresistance without any sign of saturation with a magnetic field up to 30T. We also observe a phase transition with significant anomalies in resistivity and heat capacity at T_(p)~140 K. Thermal expansion measurement reveals a subtle lattice parameter variation near Tp, i.e.,?L_(c)/L_(c)~0.062%. The structural characterization confines that there is no structure transition below and above T_(p). All these results suggest that the nonmagnetic transition of SrCu_(4-x)P_(2) could be associated with structural distortion.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2021YFA1600201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.U19A2093,U2032214,and U2032163)+4 种基金Collaborative Innovation Program of Hefei Science Center,CAS (Grant No.2019HSC-CIP 001)Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS (Grant No.2021117)the HFIPS Director’s Fund (Grant No.YZJJQY202304)the CASHIPS Director’s Fund (Grant No.E26MMG71131)supported by the High Magnetic Field Laboratory of Anhui Province。
文摘We present the synthesis of TaCoTe_(2) single crystals and a systematic investigation of the physical properties of bulk crystals and thin flakes.The crystal shows a semiconducting behavior with temperature decreasing from room temperature and turns to a metallic behavior below 38 K.When the magnetic field is applied,the temperature-dependent resistivity curves show an upturn below 10 K.Furthermore,we find that the TaCoTe_(2) single crystal can be easily exfoliated from the bulk crystal by the micromechanical exfoliation method.Our measurements suggest that the nanoflakes have properties similar to those of the bulk crystal when the thickness is lowered to 18 nm.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFA1600201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U19A2093,U2032214,U2032163,U1732274,11904002,and 11874359)+5 种基金the Collaborative Innovation Program of Hefei Science Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(Grant No.2019HSC-CIP 001)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(Grant No.2021117)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province,China(Grant No.1908085QA15)the Director Fund from the Hefei Institutes of Physical Science(HFIPS)(Grant No.YZJJQY202304)the Director Fund from the the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Hefei Institutes of Physical Science(CASHIPS),China(Grant No.E26MMG71131)the High Magnetic Field Laboratory of Anhui Province,China。
文摘The compounds composed of transition metal cations and pnictide anions provide a rich platform for studying novel physical phenomena.Here we report on the observation of a phase transition at~70 K and 145 K in layered compound EuCu_(4)As_(2)and SrCu_(4)As_(2),respectively.from both the transport and heat capacity.The thermal expansion measurements show that the variation of the lattice parameters(△L_(b)/L_(ab))around T_(P) is much less than that for a typical crystalline phase transition.Our experimental results reveal that the transition in EuCu_(4)As_(2)and SrCu_(4)As_(2)should be driven by subtle structural-distortion.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 21776261)the Zhejiang Province Public Welfare Technology Application Research Project(grant number 2017C31016)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(grant number 2017M612029)。
文摘Pyrolysis of methyl ricinoleate(MR)can produce undecylenic acid methyl ester and heptanal which are important chemicals.Atomization feeding favors the heat exchange in the pyrolysis process and hence increases the product yield.Herein,predictive models to characterize the atomization process were developed.The effect of spray distance on Sauter mean diameter(SMD)of atomized MR droplets was examined,with the optimal spray distance to be 40-50 mm.Temperature mainly affected the physical properties of feedstock,with smaller droplet size obtained at increasing temperature.In addition,pressure had significant influence on SMD and higher pressure resulted in smaller atomized droplets.Then,a model for SMD prediction,combining temperature,pressure,spray distance,and structural parameters of nozzle,was developed through dimensionless analysis.The results showed that SMD was a power function of Reynolds number(Re),Ohnesorge number(Oh),and the ratio of spray distance to diameter of swirl chamber in the nozzle(H/dsc),with the exponents of-1.6618,-1.3205 and 0.1038,respectively.The experimental measured SMD was in good agreement with the calculated values,with the error within±15%.Moreover,the droplet size distribution was studied by establishing the relationship between the standard deviation of droplet size and SMD.This study could provide reference to the regulation and optimization of the atomization process in MR pyrolysis.
文摘Hydrodynamic cavitation,a newly developed process intensification technique,has demonstrated immense potential for intensifying diverse physical and chemical processes.In this study,hydrodynamic cavitation was explored as an efficient method for the formation of sub-100 nm oil-in-water(O/W) emulsions with high stability.O/W emulsion with an average droplet size of 27 nm was successfully prepared.The average droplet size of O/W emulsions decreased with the increase of the inlet pressure,number of cavitation passes and surfactant concentration.The formed emulsion exhibited admirable physical stability during 8 months.Moreover,the hydrodynamic cavitation method can be generalized to fabricate large varieties of O/W emulsions,which showed great potential for large-scale formation of O/W emulsions with lower energy consumption.
基金Financial support provided by the National High-tech Research and Development Program of China(2014AA022103)。
文摘Biodiesel was used to prepare epoxidized fatty acid isobutyl esters(Ep-FABEs)as a biobased plasticizer in this work.Transesterification of biodiesel with isobutanol catalyzed by tetrabutyl titanate was carried out in a gas-liquid tower reactor.The conversion achieved nearly 100%within 5 h under the reaction temperature,the mass ratio of catalyst to fatty acid methyl esters(FAMEs),and isobutanol to FAMEs total molar ratio of 180℃,0.4%(mass),and 5.4:1,respectively.In addition,kinetic model of the transesterification reaction was developed at 150–190℃.The calculated activation energy was 48.93 kJ·mol^(-1).Then,the epoxidation of obtained fatty acid isobutyl esters(FABEs)was conducted in the presence of formic acid and hydrogen peroxide.The Ep-FABEs was further analyzed for its plasticizing effectiveness to replace dioctyl phthalate(DOP)and compared with conventional epoxy plasticizer epoxidized fatty acid methyl esters(Ep-FAMEs).The results indicated that the thermal stability and mechanical properties of PVC films with Ep-FABEs plasticizer were significantly improved compared with those plasticized with DOP.In addition,the extraction resistance and migration stability of Ep-FABEs were better than those of EpFAMEs.Overall,the prepared Ep-FABEs via structural modification of biodiesel proved to be a promising biobased plasticizer.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31970009,32170012 and 32000010)the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(STEP,Grant No.2019QZKK0503)the Third Xinjiang Scientific Expedition and Research Program(STEP,Grant No.2021XJKK0505).
文摘Zygomycetes are phylogenetically early diverging,ecologically diverse,industrially valuable,agriculturally beneficial,and clinically pathogenic fungi.Although new phyla and subphyla have been constantly established to accommodate spe-cific members and a subkingdom Mucoromyceta,comprising Calcarisporiellomycota,Glomeromycota,Mortierellomycota and Mucoromycota,was erected to unite core zygomycetous fungi,phylogenetic relationships within phyla have not been well resolved.Taking account of the information of monophyly and divergence time estimated from ITS and LSU rDNA sequences,the present study updates the classification framework of the phylum Mucoromycota from the class down to the generic rank:three classes,three orders,20 families(including five new families Circinellaceae,Protomycocladaceae,Rhizomucoraceae,Syzygitaceae and Thermomucoraceae)and 64 genera.The taxonomic hierarchy was calibrated with estimated divergence times:phylum earlier than 617 Mya,classes and orders earlier than 547 Mya,families earlier than 199 Mya,and genera earlier than 12 Mya.Along with this outline,all genera of Mucoromycota are annotated and 58 new species are described.In addition,three new combinations are proposed.In this study,we update the taxonomic backbone of the phylum Mucoromycota and reinforce its phylogeny.We also contribute numerous new taxa and enrich the diversity of Mucoromycota.
基金supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(2019QZKK0603)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41971153 and 42171086)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Department of Tibet Program(XZ202301ZY0016G)the Chinese Committee on International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development(CNICIMOD)。
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFA0910300)Shanghai Excellent Academic Leaders Program(20XD1421900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32100075 and 32030004)。
文摘Although the accomplishments of microbiome engineering highlight its significance for the targeted manipulation of microbial communities,knowledge and technical gaps still limit the applications of microbiome engineering in biotechnology,especially for environmental use.Addressing the environmental challenges of refractory pollutants and fluctuating environmental conditions requires an adequate understanding of the theoretical achievements and practical applications of microbiome engineering.Here,we review recent cutting-edge studies on microbiome engineering strategies and their classical applications in bioremediation.Moreover,a framework is summarized for combining both top-down and bottom-up approaches in microbiome engineering toward improved applications.A strategy to engineer microbiomes for environmental use,which avoids the build-up of toxic intermediates that pose a risk to human health,is suggested.We anticipate that the highlighted framework and strategy will be beneficial for engineering microbiomes to address difficult environmental challenges such as degrading multiple refractory pollutants and sustain the performance of engineered microbiomes in situ with indigenous microorganisms under fluctuating conditions.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation ofChina(No.51107118)the Science and Technology Plan ofGeneral Administration of Quality Supervision of China(No.201010256651.9)
文摘Linear relations between the adsorption free energies of nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR)intermediates limit the catalytic activity of single atom catalysts(SACs)to reach the optimal region.Significant improvements in NRR activity require the balance of binding strength of reaction intermediates.Herein,we have investigated the C_(3)N-supported monometallic(M/C_(3)N)and bimetallic(M_(1)M_(2)/C_(3)N)atoms for the electrochemical NRR by using density functional theory(DFT)calculations.The results show that this linear relation does exist for SACs because all the intermediates bind to the same site on M/C_(3)N.But the synergistic effect of the two atoms in M_(1)M_(2)/C_(3)N can create a more flexible adsorption site for intermediates,which results in the decoupling of adsorption free energies of key intermediates.Subsequently,the fundamental limitation of scaling relations on limiting potentials is broken through.Most notably,the optimal limiting potential is increased from−0.63 V for M/C_(3)N to−0.20 V for M_(1)M_(2)/C_(3)N.In addition,the presence of bimetallic atoms can also effectively inhibit the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)as well as improve the stability of the catalysts.This study proposes that the introduction of bimetallic atoms into C_(3)N is beneficial to break the linear relations and develop efficient NRR electrocatalysts.
基金funded by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81974347)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M702351)+2 种基金Post-Doctor Research Project,West China Hospital,Sichuan University(No.2020HXBH081)Medical cience and Technology Project of Health Commission of Sichuan Provincial(No.21PJ040)Sichuan University Postdoctoral Interdisciplinary Innovation Fund.
文摘Background: Although various therapies have been developed to treat malalignment in osteoarthritic knees, the pattern of malalignment progression is still unclear. This study aimed to identify homogeneous subgroups with distinct trajectories of malalignment progression in subjects with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and to determine corresponding risk factors.Methods: Eight-year follow-up (from 2004 to 2012) data on 1252 participants with symptomatic KOA from the Osteoarthritis Initiative were included. Varus/valgus angle progression was characterized by group-based trajectory models. Time-varying covariates were introduced into the model to investigate how they affected trajectories. Multinomial logistic regression for trajectory group membership was applied to ascertain risk factors.Results: Five subgroups were identified. Participants in the varus worsening trajectory (n = 166) or valgus worsening trajectory (n = 118) proceeded to worsen malalignment over time. The neutral trajectory (n = 378), varus stable trajectory (n = 328), and valgus stable trajectory (n = 262) maintained close to the initial varus/valgus angle over 8 years. Higher baseline Kellgren and Lawrence grade (odds ratio [OR] = 4.35,P < 0.001 for varus;OR= 3.85,P < 0.001 for valgus) and "severe" baseline malalignment (OR = 13.57,P < 0.001 for varus;OR = 23.04,P < 0.001 for valgus) were risk factors for worsening trajectories. The cutoff point of the baseline varus/valgus angle to discriminate between stable or worsening trajectory was -4.5° for varus and 3.6° for valgus.Conclusions: This study identified the malalignment progression pattern - minor malalignment (-4.5° to +3.6°) tends to remain stable, while major baseline malalignment is likely to progress. This provides a reference for therapy to prevent malalignment from deteriorating and emphasizes the necessity of determining the trigger factors for malalignment onset.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0902100 and 2021YFA0910300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32161133023,32130004,91951204,and 32170113).
文摘Metabolic division of labor(MDOL)represents a widespread natural phenomenon,whereby a complex metabolic pathway is shared between different strains within a community in a mutually beneficial manner.However,little is known about how the composition of such a microbial community is regulated.We hypothesized that when degradation of an organic compound is carried out via MDOL,the concentration and toxicity of the substrate modulate the benefit allocation between the two microbial populations,thus affecting the structure of this community.We tested this hypothesis by combining modeling with experiments using a synthetic consortium.Our modeling analysis suggests that the proportion of the population executing the first metabolic step can be simply estimated by Monod-like formulas governed by substrate concentration and toxicity.Our model and the proposed formula were able to quantitatively predict the structure of our synthetic consortium.Further analysis demonstrates that our rule is also applicable in estimating community structures in spatially structured environments.Together,our work clearly demonstrates that the structure of MDOL communities can be quantitatively predicted using available information on environmental factors,thus providing novel insights into how to manage artificial microbial systems for the wide application of the bioindustry.