How Does Stacking Pressure Affect the Performance of Solid Electrolytes and All-Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries?

All-solid-state lithium metal batteries(ASSLMBs)with solid electrolytes(SEs)have emerged as a promising alternative to liquid electrolyte-based Li-ion batteries due to their higher energy density and safety.However,since ASSLMBs lack the wetting properties of liquid electrolytes,they require stacking pressure to prevent contact loss between electrodes and SEs.Though previous studies showed that stacking pressure could impact certain performance aspects,a comprehensive investigation into the effects of stacking pressure has not been conducted.To address this gap,we utilized the Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl solid electrolyte as a reference and investigated the effects of stacking pressures on the performance of SEs and ASSLMBs.We also developed models to explain the underlying origin of these effects and predict battery performance,such as ionic conductivity and critical current density.Our results demonstrated that an appropriate stacking pressure is necessary to achieve optimal performance,and each step of applying pressure requires a specific pressure value.These findings can help explain discrepancies in the literature and provide guidance to establish standardized testing conditions and reporting benchmarks for ASSLMBs.Overall,this study contributes to the understanding of the impact of stacking pressure on the performance of ASSLMBs and highlights the importance of careful pressure optimization for optimal battery performance.

A pure blue light emitting binaphthyl derivative:Synthesis and properties

A binaphthyl derivative with pyrene on 3 and 3＇ positions was synthesized and characterized via Suzuki coupling reaction. Emission maximum in solution was located at 390 nm with a quantum efficiency of 68% by taking 9,10-diphenyl anthracene as reference,while it is shifted to 450 nm with FWHM of 104 nm resulting from aggregation state in solid film.Glass transition temperature（Tg）and decomposition temperature were measured to be 184 and 447℃,respectively,by DSC and TGA.Unlike its photoluminescence spectrum,electroluminescent spectrum peaked at about 460 nm and shows a FWHM of 69 nm corresponding to a pure blue emission.The turn-on voltage,luminance and efficiency maximum were 5 V,2953 cd/m^2 and 1.37cd/A with CIE color coordinate of（0.16,0.15）,in the device structure of ITO/NPB（40nm）/PY-BN-PY（15nm）/BPhen（40nm）/Mg：Ag.

Red Electroluminescence and Photoluminescence from Novel Binuclear Europium Complex with Squaric Acid Ligand

A novel binuclear europium P-diketone complex with squaric acid ligand was synthesized for the first time. Its structure was elucidated by IR, UV, and Elemental Analysis. Red light emitting diode (LED) was fabricated by using the novel europium complex as an emitting layer, tris(8-quinolinolate) aluminum (III) (Alq(3)) as an electron-transporting layer, N, N'-diphenyl-N, N'-(3-methylphenyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (TPD) as a hole-transporting layer. A cell structure of indium-tin-oxide/TPD/Eu-complex/Alq(3)/Mg: Ag was employed. Red electroluminescence was observed at room temperature with dc bias voltage of 2 V in this cell. 2 Red emission peaks at about 613 nm with maximum luminance of over 106 cd/m(2). Compared with the EL luminance from those europium complexes reported before, one from the Eu-complex is best in the same cells.

Erector spinae plane block at lower thoracic level for analgesia in lumbar spine surgery: A randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND Patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery usually suffer severe pain in the postoperative period.The erector spinae plane block(ESPB),first published in 2016,can anesthetize the ventral and dorsal rami of thoracic nerves and produce an extensive multi-dermatomal sensory block.AIM To assess whether bilateral ultrasound-guided ESPB at a lower thoracic level could improve pain control and quality of recovery in patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery.METHODS A total of 60 patients aged 18-80 years scheduled to undergo lumbar spine surgery with general anesthesia were randomly assigned to two groups:ESPB group(preoperative bilateral ultrasound-guided ESPB at T10 vertebral level)and control group(no preoperative ESPB).Both groups received standard general anesthesia.The main indicator was the duration to the first patient controlled intravenous analgesia(PCIA)bolus.RESULTS In the ESPB group,the duration to the first PCIA bolus was significantly longer than that in the control group(h)[8.0(4.5,17.0)vs 1.0(0.5,6),P<0.01],and resting and coughing numerical rating scale(NRS)scores at 48 h post operation were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding resting and coughing NRS scores at 24 h post operation.Sufentanil consumption during the operation was significantly lower in the ESPB group than in the control group(P<0.01),while there was no significant difference between the two groups regarding morphine consumption at 24 or 48 h post operation.In the ESPB group,Modified Observer’s Assessment of Alertness/Sedation score within 20 min after extubation was higher and duration in the post-anesthesia care unit was shorter than those in the control group(P<0.01).CONCLUSION In patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery,ultrasound-guided ESPB at a lower thoracic level improves the analgesic effect,reduces opioid consumption,and improves postoperative recovery.

No transmission of porcine endogenous retrovirus in an acute liver failure model treated by a novel hybrid bioartificial liver containing porcine hepatocytes

BACKGROUND： A novel hybrid bioartificial liver（HBAL） was constructed using an anionic resin adsorption column and a multi-layer flat-plate bioreactor containing porcine hepatocytes co-cultured with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells（MSCs）. This study aimed to evaluate the microbiological safety of the HBAL by detecting the transmission of porcine endogenous retroviruses（PERVs） into canines with acute liver failure（ALF） undergoing HBAL.METHODS： Eight dogs with ALF received a 6-hour HBAL treatment on the first day after the modeling by D-galactosamine administration. The plasma in the HBAL and the whole blood in the dogs were collected for PERV detection at regular intervals until one year later when the dogs were sacrificed to retrieve the tissues of several organs for immunohistochemistry and Western blotting for the investigation of PERV capsid protein gag p30 in the tissue. Furthermore, HEK293 cells were incubated to determine the in vitro infectivity.RESULTS： PERV RNA and reverse transcriptase activity were observed in the plasma of circuit 3, suggesting that PERV particles released in circuit 3. No positive PERV RNA and reverse transcriptase activity were detected in other plasma. No HEK293 cells were infected by the plasma in vitro. In addition, all PERV-related analyses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and tissues were negative.CONCLUSION： No transmission of PERVs into ALF canines suggested a reliable microbiological safety of HBAL based on porcine hepatocytes.

Study of crustal thickness and poisson's ratio of the south of Erenhot area by teleseismic receiver function

The Xing’an Mongolian Orogenic Belt(XMOB) and the northern margin of North China Craton(NCC) have undergone multistage tectonic superimposition and the tectonic evolution is extremely complicated. We collect the teleseismic data of 44 temporary broadband seismic stations deployed in the XMOB and the northern margin of NCC to calculate the P wave receiver functions. The crustal thickness and average crustal ratio as well as the Poisson’s ratios beneath 33 stations are estimated using the H-κ stacking method. The results show:(1) the crustal thickness of the study area ranges from 38.7 to 42.7 km, with an average thickness of 41.2 km. There is a great difference in crustal thickness on both sides of Solonker suture zone. The characteristics of crustal thickness support the geodynamic model that the Paleo-Asian Ocean subducted and closed at the Solonker suture zone.(2) The Poisson’s ratios in the study area are low, ranging from 0.215 to 0.277, with an average value of 0.243, suggesting that the rock composition of the area is dominated by felsic-acid rocks.(3) There exists a negative correlation between the Poisson’s ratio and the crustal thickness. Combined with the lower values of Poisson’s ratio, we speculate that the delamination is the major mechanism in crustal extension and thinning in the study area.

Rupture imaging of the 25 April 2015 M_W7.9 Nepal earthquake from back-projection of teleseismic P waves

The M7.9 Nepal earthquake of 25 April2015 had over 8, 500 fatalities and was the most destructive earthquake in Nepal since the Bihar-Nepal earthquake in 1934.In this study, we imaged the rupture process of this Nepal event by back-projecting the teleseismic P-wave energy recorded at the three regional networks in Alaska, Australia and Europe. The back-projection images of the three subarrays revealed that the Nepal earthquake propagated along the strike in a southeast direction over a distance of ～ 160–170 km with the duration of ～ 50–55 s. The rupture process was found to be a simple, unilateral event with a near constant velocity of 3.3 km/s.The beam power was mainly distributed in the geographic region just north of Kathmandu and the peak intensity for the source time function curve occurred at about 30 s. The earthquake was destructive due to its occurrence at shallow depth(～ 12–15 km) and the fact that the capital lies in a basin of soft sediment. Additionally, the resonance effect for the longer period waves that occurred in the Kathmandu valley led to destructive aggravation, impacting mainly the taller buildings.

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of primary intracranial alveolar soft-part sarcoma: A case report

BACKGROUND Primary intracranial alveolar soft-part sarcoma(PIASPS)is a rare malignancy.We aimed to investigate the clinical profiles and outcomes for PIASPS.CASE SUMMARY We firstly reported five consecutive cases from our institute.Then,the cases from previous studies were pooled and analyzed to delineate the characteristics of this disease.Our cohort included two males and three females.The median age was 21-years-old(range:8-54-years-old).All the patients received surgical treatment.Gross total resection(GTR),radiotherapy,and chemotherapy were administered in 3 patients,4 patients,and 1 patient,respectively.After a median follow-up of 36 mo,tumor progression was noticed in 4 patients;and 3 patients died of the disease.Pooled data(n=14)contained 5 males and 9 females with a median age of 19 years.The log-rank tests showed that GTR(P=0.011)could prolong progression-free survival,and radiotherapy(P<0.001)resulted in longer overall survival.CONCLUSION Patients with PIASPS suffer from poor outcomes.Surgical treatment is the first choice,and GTR should be achieved when the tumor is feasible.Patients with PIASPS benefit from radiotherapy,which should be considered as a part of treatment therapies.

Green Light-Emitting Organic Electroluminescent Device with a New Fluorescent Dye Dispersed in Poly(N-vinylcarbazole) Emitter Layer

Double-layer organic electroluminescent devices have been constructed. A new fluorescent dye, 9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)anthracence, was chosen as the dopant which was molecularly dispersed in the polymer film, and green light was observed from the device with luminance of 130cd/m(2) at 17V.

Discussion on the Classroom Teaching Management of the Art and Design Major in Higher Vocational Colleges

As a teaching aid, the classroom management model of art and design major courses undoubtedly should follow the rules of art education. Compared with colleges and universities, the teachers in higher vocational colleges often need to educate many students of poor foundation and bad habits, so the management model should be explored more deeply and specifically. Through the depth analysis of the teaching environment, objects, and objectives, a relatively solid, perfect management system including discipline management and system control, mental management and standard attitudes, process management, incentive and interaction, evaluation management, and ability goal is proposed, for the purpose of providing a powerful guarantee for the classroom teaching effect of the an and design major in higher vocational colleges by using reasonable classroom management methods and means. As a result, a solid foundation is laid for the an and design students to become the professionals of the sustainable development.

Dynamic microphysiological system chip platform for high-throughput,customizable,and multi-dimensional drug screening

Spheroids and organoids have attracted significant attention as innovative models for disease modeling and drug screening.By employing diverse types of spheroids or organoids,it is feasible to establish microphysiological systems that enhance the precision of disease modeling and offer more dependable and comprehensive drug screening.High-throughput microphysiological systems that support optional,parallel testing of multiple drugs have promising applications in personalized medical treatment and drug research.However,establishing such a system is highly challenging and requires a multidisciplinary approach.This study introduces a dynamic Microphysiological System Chip Platform(MSCP)with multiple functional microstructures that encompass the mentioned advantages.We developed a high-throughput lung cancer spheroids model and an intestine-liverheart-lung cancer microphysiological system for conducting parallel testing on four anti-lung cancer drugs,demonstrating the feasibility of the MSCP.This microphysiological system combines microscale and macroscale biomimetics to enable a comprehensive assessment of drug efficacy and side effects.Moreover,the microphysiological system enables evaluation of the real pharmacological effect of drug molecules reaching the target lesion after absorption by normal organs through fluid-based physiological communication.The MSCP could serves as a valuable platform for microphysiological system research,making significant contributions to disease modeling,drug development,and personalized medical treatment.

Corrigendum to“Ultrasound-triggered piezocatalytic composite hydrogels for promoting bacterial-infected wound healing”[Bioact.Mater.24(2023)96-111]

The authors regret<that the SEM image of G12 hydrogel in Fig.2f was wrongly used during the assembly of Fig.2.The authors had checked the original data and replaced Fig.2f with the correction image.This error does not affect the scientific conclusions of the article in any way.>.The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.

宽γ辐照剂量范围内硅泡沫本构模型研究

基于实验和理论建模研究了白炭黑增强硅泡沫材料在γ辐照剂量范围为0~1000kGy作用后的单轴压缩力学行为.实验结果表明辐照导致硅泡沫出现明显硬化现象,初始杨氏模量和固定应变下应力幅值均随γ辐照剂量近似线性增加.辐照后硅泡沫泡孔结构完整,硅橡胶基体中高分子交联反应占主导,且交联密度随辐照剂量线性增大.基于实验分析结果,实现了Ogden Hyperfoam超弹本构模型参数与辐照剂量的关联.结果表明初始剪切模量参数与辐照剂量成线性关系,硬化指数和泊松比参数与辐照剂量无关.基于应力应变实验数据拟合得到模型参数,并与未参与拟合的实验数据对比,验证了模型的准确性,表明该模型能够表征宽辐照剂量范围内硅泡沫的压缩力学行为.

Occult Andersson lesions in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: undetectable destructive lesions on plain radiographs

Background:Andersson lesions(ALs)are not uncommon in ankylosing spondylitis(AS).Plain radiography(PR)is widely used for the diagnosis of ALs.However,in our practice,there were some ALs in AS patients that could not be detected on plain radiographs.This study aimed to propose the concept of occult ALs and evaluate the prevalence and radiographic characteristics of the occult ALs in AS patients.Methods:A total of 496 consecutive AS patients were admitted in the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital,Medical School of Nanjing University between April 2003 and November 2019 and they were retrospectively reviewed.The AS patients with ALs who met the following criteria were included for the investigation of occult ALs:(1)with pre-operative plain radiographs of the whole-spine and(2)availability of pre-operative computed tomography(CT)and/or magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)of the whole-spine.The occult ALs were defined as the ALs which were undetectable on plain radiographs but could be detected by CT and/or MRI.The extensive ALs involved the whole discovertebral junction or manifested as destructive lesions throughout the vertebral body.Independent-samples t test was used to compare the age between the patients with only occult ALs and those with only detectable ALs.Chi-square or Fisher exact test was applied to compare the types,distribution,and radiographic characteristics between detectable and occult ALs as appropriate.Results:Ninety-two AS patients with a mean age of 44.4±10.1 years were included for the investigation of occult ALs.Twenty-three patients had occult ALs and the incidence was 25%(23/92).Fifteen extensive ALs were occult,and the proportion of extensive ALs was significantly higher in detectable ALs(97%vs.44%,χ^(2)=43.66,P<0.001).As assessed by PR,the proportions of osteolytic destruction with reactive sclerosis(0 vs.100%,χ^(2)=111.00,P<0.001),angular kyphosis of the affected discovertebral units or vertebral body(0 vs.22%,χ^(2)=8.86,P=0.003),formation of an osseous bridge at the intervertebral space adjacent to ALs caused by the ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligament(38%vs.86%,χ^(2)=25.91,P<0.001),and an abnormal height of the affected intervertebral space were all significantly lower in occult ALs(9%vs.84%,χ^(2)=60.41,P<0.001).Conclusions:Occult ALs presented with more subtle radiographic changes.Occult ALs should not be neglected,especially in the case of extensive occult ALs,because the stability of the spine might be severely impaired by these lesions.

Highly efficient hybrid warm white organic light-emitting diodes using a blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter: exploiting the external heavy-atom effect

To attain high efficiencies in hybrid white organic light-emitting diodes(WOLEDs),mutual quenching of the fluorophors and phosphors should be minimized.Efforts have been devoted to reducing the triplet quenching of phosphors;however,the quenching of fluorophors by the external heavy-atom effect(EHA)introduced by the phosphors is often ignored.Here,we observed that conventional fluorophors and fluorophors with thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF)behave differently in the presence of EHA perturbers.The efficiencies of the conventional fluorophors suffer greatly from the EHA,whereas the TADF fluorophors exhibit negligible changes,which makes TADF materials ideal fluorophors for hybrid devices.WOLEDs using a blue TADF fluorophor and an orange phosphor achieve a maximum forward viewing external quantum efficiency of 19.6%and a maximum forward viewing power efficiency of 50.2 lm W^(-1),among the best values for hybrid WOLEDs.This report is the first time that the EHA effect has been considered in hybrid WOLEDs and that a general strategy toward highly efficient hybrid WOLEDs with simple structures is proposed.

Ultrasound-triggered piezocatalytic composite hydrogels for promoting bacterial-infected wound healing

Wound healing has become one of the basic issues faced by the medical community because of the susceptibility of skin wounds to bacterial infection.As such,it is highly desired to design a nanocomposite hydrogel with excellent antibacterial activity to achieve high wound closure effectiveness.Here,based on ultrasound-triggered piezocatalytic therapy,a multifunctional hydrogel is designed to promote bacteria-infected wound healing.Under ultrasonic vibration,the surface of barium titanate(BaTiO_(3),BT)nanoparticles embedded in the hydrogel rapidly generate reactive oxygen species(ROS)owing to the established strong built-in electric field,endowing the hydrogel with superior antibacterial efficacy.This modality shows intriguing advantages over conventional photodynamic therapy,such as prominent soft tissue penetration ability and the avoidance of serious skin phototoxicity after systemic administration of photosensitizers.Moreover,the hydrogel based on N-[tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl]acrylamide(THM),N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride(APMH)and oxidized hyaluronic acid(OHA)exhibits outstanding self-healing and bioadhesive properties able to accelerate full-thickness skin wound healing.Notably,compared with the widely reported mussel-inspired adhesive hydrogels,OHA/THM-APMH hydrogel due to the multiple hydrogen bonds from unique tri-hydroxyl structure overcomes the shortage that catechol groups are easily oxidized,giving it long-term and repeatable adhesion performance.Importantly,this hybrid hydrogel confines BT nanoparticles to wound area and locally induced piezoelectric catalysis under ultrasound to eradicate bacteria,markedly improving the therapeutic biosafety and exhibits great potential for harmless treatment of bacteria-infected tissues.

Distribution of antibiotic resistance genes and their association with bacteria and viruses in decentralized sewage treatment facilities

The distribution of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)has been intensively studied in large-scale wastewater treatment plants and livestock sources.However,small-scale decentralized sewage treatment facilities must also be explored due to their possible direct exposure to residents.In this study,six wastewater treatment facilities in developed rural areas in eastern China were investigated to understand their risks of spreading ARGs.Using metagenomics and network analysis tools,ARGs and bacterial and viral communities were identified in the influent(INF)and effluent(EFF)samples.The dominant ARGs belonged to the bacitracin class,which are different from most of municipal wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs).The dominant hosts of ARGs are Acidovorax in bacterial communities and Prymnesiovirus in viral communities.Furthermore,a positive relationship was found between ARGs and phages.The ARGs significantly correlated with phages were all hosted by specific genera of bacteria,indicating that phages had contributed to the ARG’s proliferation in sewage treatment facilities.Paying significant concern on the possible enhanced risks caused by bacteria,viruses and their related ARGs in decentralized sewage treatment facilities is necessary.

Perfluorocarboxylic acids(PFCAs)and perfluoroalkyl sulfonates(PFASs)in surface and tap water around Lake Taihu in China

Perfluorinated compounds(PFCs)are ubiquitously distributed in the environment mainly as perfluorocarboxylic acids(PFCAs)and perfluoroalkyl sulfonates(PFASs).In this paper,six PFCAs and two PFASs were quantified in surface and tap water samples from 12 sites around Lake Taihu near Shanghai City in East China.Predominant PFCs were perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)and perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS),of which the concentration ranges were 6.8–206 and 1.2–45 ng·L^(–1),the geometric means were 35.3 and 9.4 ng·L^(–1),and the median(quartile range)values were 31.4(34.4)and 10.4(10.7)ng·L^(–1),respectively.Other PFCs were also detected but in much lower concentrations than PFOA.The sources of the PFCs were expected to be direct industrial discharges in the Lake Taihu area,and this area was also a possible source of PFCs contaminations in Shanghai district in the downstream.PFCs distributions were found different in the upstream,downstream and north part of Lake Taihu.Occurrences of PFCs in the tap water in Lake Taihu area indicated their exposure to the local people.A brief estimation of the environmental risks by PFCs implied no acute or immediate risks from PFCs to local human health,but chronic risks from PFOA in the tap water should be considered in the downstream regions.

Simultaneous enhancement of efficiency and stability of OLEDs with thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials by modifying carbazoles with peripheral groups

Albeit their high efficiencies, the operational stability of the organic light emitting diodes(OLEDs) based on thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF) emitters is still far from satisfaction, and few strategies have been proposed to improve their stability. Here, we show that by modifying the carbazole unit, one of the most commonly used donors in TADF emitters, with peripheral groups, both the device efficiency and operational stability can be greatly improved. Awell-known TADF molecule—4,5-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)phthalonitrile(2CzPN) was chosen as the prototype and modified by introducing peripheral tert-butyl and phenyl groups to the 3,6-positions of the carbazole(named 2tBuCzPN and 2PhCzPN, respectively). The introduced groups not only improve the compounds' electrochemical stabilities referred to the cyclic voltammetry multi-sweep results, but also promote their photoluminescence quantum yields. Furthermore, reduced singlet-triplet energy gaps are observed, leading to the shortened exciton lifetimes which are benefit to suppress the exciton annihilations. Besides, the steric hindrance of introduced phenyl groups can partly restrain the concentration quenching of the TADF emitter. Consequently, OLEDs based on 2tBuCzPN and 2PhCzPN achieved improved maximum external quantum efficiencies(EQEs) of 17.0% and 14.0%, respectively(compared to 8.5% for 2CzPN). Meanwhile, 2PhCzPN based OLED showed reduced roll-off characteristics and a longer lifetime of 7.8 times higher than that of 2CzPN, testifying the effectiveness of subtle modification of the unstable moieties in simultaneous enhancement of efficiency and stability of OLEDs based on TADF emitters.

Protection of Immuno-Compromised Mice from Lethal Infection of Klebsiella pneumonia by rAAV2-BPI23-Fcγ1 Gene Transfer

In previous research, chimerical BPI23-Fcy1 gene which consisted of human bactericidal/permeability increasing protein （BPI） gene of encoding the functional N terminus （amino acid residues 1 to 199） of human BPI and Fcy1 gene of encoding the Fc segment of human immunoglobulin G1 was successfully reconstructed within a recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 2 （rAAV2） vector as rAAV2-BPI23-Fcy1. Here, to evaluate the potentiality of applying gene therapy to gram negative bacterial （GNB） infection in high-risk patients, we investigated protection of immuno-compromised mice and immunocompetent mice from challenge with minimal lethal dose （MLD） Klebsiella pneumonia infection after rAAV2-BPI23-Fcy1 gene transferred. The results showed that the survival rate of rAAV2-BPI23-Fcy1 transferred immunocompetent mice as well as immuno-compromised mice （40.0% and 44.4%, respectively） were significant higher than that of corresponding control mice （6.7% and 4.4%, respectively）; the bacteria counting, level of endotoxin and proinflammatory cytokines in the rAAV2-BP123-Fcy1 transferred immuno-compromised mice were markedly lower than that of rAAV2-EGFP and rAAV2-Null transferred immuno- compromised mice. Our data suggest that rAAV2-BPI23-Fcy1 gene transferring offered immuno-compromised mice with resistance against GNB infection, so it is quite potential in preventing GNB infection of clinical high-risk patients. Cellular ＆ Molecular Immunology. 2008;5（6）：439-445.