Current situation and consideration of small splint in the treatment of distal radius fracture complicated with ulnar styloid process fracture

Objective:The incidence of distal radius fracture combined with ulnar styloid process fracture is increasing,which seriously affects the quality of life of patients.Small splint therapy of Traditional Chinese Medicine is a reliable method for the treatment of such fractures.It not only has good clinical efficacy,but also has fewer complications and high safety.However,the traditional small splint fixation does not cover the styloid process of the ulna,and the fracture of the styloid process of the ulna is closely related to the stability of the wrist joint,which has an important impact on the prognosis of the fracture.Based on this,we believe that the ulnar elongation splint can better improve the wrist function,and further prospects for related issues,in order to guide clinical practice.

Small splints versus plate fixation for distal radius fractures: A meta- analysis and systematical analysis

Objective:Evaluate the efficacy,safety and economy of small splints and plate in the treatment of distal radius fractures(DRFs).Methods:Seven electronic databases,including PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,sinomed,CNKI,VIP and Wanfang,were searched for the original study.Literature was screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,and the methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated by Cochrane risk bias assessment tool.The software Revman 5.4 was used for data analysis.Results:A total of 19 studies were included in the study.The clinical effective rate of the plate group[RR=0.96,95%CI(0.93,0.99),P=0.007],Radial inclination[MD=-1.85,95%CI(-2.93,-0.77),P=0.0008],Ulnar inclination[MD=-2.49,95%CI(-3.95,-1.04),P=0.0007],relative height of radius[MD=-1.63,95%CI(-2.40,-0.86),P<0.0001]were better than those in small splints group.There was no significant difference in fracture healing time[MD=-4.39,95%CI(-9.07,0.28),P=0.07]and complications[RR=1.57,95%CI(0.98,2.52),P=0.06]between the two groups.In terms of treatment cost[MD=-2.83,95%CI(-3.37,-2.30),P<0.00001],the small splint group was better than the plate treatment group.Conclusion:Compared with small splints therapy,plate internal fixation has advantages in clinical effective rate and imaging scores.There is no significant difference in fracture healing time and complications between the two groups.In terms of treatment cost,small splint therapy is better than plate therapy.Clinical treatment should be selected and formulated according to the individual situation,demands and clinical practice of patients.

Quadrupolar matter-wave soliton in two-dimensional free space

We study two-dimensional （2D） matter-wave solitons in the mean-field models formed by electric quadrupole particles with long-range quadrupoleluadrupole interaction （QQI） in 2D free space. The existence of 2D matter-wave solitons in the free space was predicted using the 2D Gross Pitaevskii Equation （GPE）. We find that the QQI solitoms have a higher mass （smaller size and higher intensity） and stronger anisotropy than the dipol^dipole interaction （DDI） solitons under the same environmental parameters. Anisotropic solitomsoliton interaction between two identical QQI solitons in 2D free space is studied. Moreover, stable anisotropic dipole solitons are observed, to our knowledge, for the first time in 2D free space under anisotropic nonlocal cubic nonlinearity.

A new form of liquid matter:Quantum droplets

This brief review summarizes recent theoretical and experimental results which predict and establish the existence of quantum droplets(QDs),i.e.,robust two-and three-dimensional(2D and 3D)self-trapped states in Bose-Einstein condensates(BECs),which are stabilized by effective self-repulsion induced by quantum fluctuations around the mean-field(MF)states[alias the Lee-Huang-Yang(LHY)effect].The basic models are presented,taking special care of the dimension crossover,2D→3D.Recently reported experimental results,which exhibit stable 3D and quasi-2D QDs in binary BECs,with the inter-component attraction slightly exceeding the MF self-repulsion in each component,and in single-component condensates of atoms carrying permanent magnetic moments,are presented in some detail.The summary of theoretical results is focused,chiefly,on 3D and quasi-2D QDs with embedded vorticity,as the possibility to stabilize such states is a remarkable prediction.Stable vortex states are presented both for QDs in free space,and for singular but physically relevant 2D modes pulled to the center by the inverse-square potential,with the quantum collapse suppressed by the LHY effect.

Self-trapping under two-dimensional spin-orbit coupling and spatially growing repulsive nonlinearity

We develop a method for creating two- and one-dimensional （2D and 1D） self-trapped modes in bi- nary spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates with the contact repulsive interaction, whose local strength grows sufficiently rapidly from the center to the periphery. In particular, an exact semi-vortex （SV） solution is found for the anti-Gaussian radial modulation profile. The exact modes are included in the numerically produced family of SV solitons. Other families, in the form of mixed modes （MMs）, as well as excited states of SVs and MMs, are also produced. Although the excited states are unstable in all previously studied models, they are partially stable in the present one. In the 1D version of the system, exact solutions for the counterpart of SVs, namely, semi-dipole solitons, are also found. Families of semi-dipoles, as well as the 1D version of MMs, are produced numerically.

Transmission, reflection, scattering, and trapping of traveling discrete solitons by C and V point defects

We study the interactions of moving discrete solitons in waveguide arrays with two types of point defects that are constructed by varying either the local linear coupling or local waveguide propagation constant at the center of the waveguide array. A broad discrete soliton is kicked toward the defect and interacts with it. Transmission, reflection, scattering, and trapping during the interaction between the soliton and the defect occur depending on the parameters. The detailed behavior of the soliton dynamics is analyzed numerically. A transmission window in the parameter domain is found and the behavior of this window for different parameters is studied. The dynamics of the soliton in the transmission window is found to have chaotic features under certain circumstances and the causes of these phenomena are identified and discussed.

Cross-symmetry breaking of two-component discrete dipolar matter-wave solitons

We study the spontaneous symmetry breaking of dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates trapped in stacks of two-well systems, which may be effectively built as one-dimensional trapping lattices sliced by a repelling laser sheet. If the potential wells are sufficiently deep, the system is modeled by coupled discrete Gross-Pitaevskii equations with nonlocal self- and cross-interaction terms representing dipole-dipole interactions. When the dipoles are not polarized perpendicular or parallel to the lattice, the cross- interaction is asymmetric, replacing the familiar symmetric two-component solitons with a new species of cross-symmetric or -asymmetric ones. The orientation of the dipole moments and the interwell hopping rate strongly affect the shapes of the discrete two-component solitons as well as the characteristics of the cross-symmetry breaking and the associated phase transition. The sub- and super-critical types of cross-symmetry breaking can be controlled by either the hopping rate between the components or the total norm of the solitons. The effect of the interplay between the contact nonlinearity and the dipole angle on the cross-symmetry breaking is also discussed.

Quantum droplets in two-dimensional optical lattices

We study the stability of zero-vorticity and vortex lattice quantum droplets(LQDs),which are de-scribed by a two-dimensional(2D)Gross-Pitaevskii(GP)equation with a periodic potential and Lee-Huang-Yang(LHY)term.The LQDs are divided in two types:onsite-centered and offsite-centered LQDs,the centers of which are located at the minimum and the maximum of the potential,respec-tively.The stability areas of these two types of LQDs with diferent number of sites for zero-vorticity and vorticity with S=1 are given.We found that the μ-N relationship of the stable LQDs with a fixed number of sites can violate the Vakhitov-Kolokolov(VK)criterion,which is a necessary stability condition for nonlinear modes with an attractive interaction.Moreover,the μ-N relationship shows that two types of vortex LQDs with the same number of sites are degenerated,while the zero-vorticity LQDs are not degenerated.It is worth mentioning that the offsite-centered LQDs with zero-vorticity and vortex LQDs with S=1 are heterogeneous.

Efficient color routing with a dispersion-controlled waveguide array

Splitting white light into its constituent spectral components has been of interest ever since Newton first discovered the phenomenon of color separation.Many devices have since been conceived to achieve efficient wavelength separation,yet a large number of applications,e.g.,in display technology,still use simple color absorption or rejection filters that absorb or reflect unwanted wavelengths,thus wasting luminous energy.Here,we demonstrate a novel microsized device concept that enables efficient color routing.The device operation is based on differential material dispersion in a waveguide array,which causes different wavelength signals to couple selectively into appropriate waveguides.A theoretical power delivery of greater than 50%for a tricolor wavelength router is obtained,compared to 33%expected from geometry alone.The principle of operation is demonstrated experimentally for a dual-color light field,where we achieve a higher than 70%routing efficiency(compared to 50%from geometry),thus highlighting the feasibility of this novel and promising approach.