Accurate radar quantitative precipitation estimation(QPE)plays an essential role in disaster prevention and mitigation.In this paper,two deep learning-based QPE networks including a single-parameter network and a mult...Accurate radar quantitative precipitation estimation(QPE)plays an essential role in disaster prevention and mitigation.In this paper,two deep learning-based QPE networks including a single-parameter network and a multi-parameter network are designed.Meanwhile,a self-defined loss function(SLF)is proposed during modeling.The dataset includes Shijiazhuang S-band dual polarimetric radar(CINRAD/SAD)data and rain gauge data within the radar’s 100-km detection range during the flood season of 2021 in North China.Considering that the specific propagation phase shift(KDP)has a roughly linear relationship with the precipitation intensity,KDP is set to 0.5°km^(-1 )as a threshold value to divide all the rain data(AR)into a heavy rain(HR)and light rain(LR)dataset.Subsequently,12 deep learning-based QPE models are trained according to the input radar parameters,the precipitation datasets,and whether an SLF was adopted,respectively.The results suggest that the effects of QPE after distinguishing rainfall intensity are better than those without distinguishing,and the effects of using SLF are better than those that used MSE as a loss function.A Z-R relationship and a ZH-KDP-R synthesis method are compared with deep learning-based QPE.The mean relative errors(MRE)of AR models using SLF are improved by 61.90%,51.21%,and 56.34%compared with the Z-R relational method,and by 38.63%,42.55%,and 47.49%compared with the synthesis method.Finally,the models are further evaluated in three precipitation processes,which manifest that the deep learning-based models have significant advantages over the traditional empirical formula methods.展开更多
This study investigated the effects of small interfering RNA （siRNA）-mediated silencing of chemokine receptor 4 （CXCR4） on the invasion capacity of human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y in vitro. Three siRNAs targ...This study investigated the effects of small interfering RNA （siRNA）-mediated silencing of chemokine receptor 4 （CXCR4） on the invasion capacity of human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y in vitro. Three siRNAs targeting CXCR4 were chemically synthesized and individually transfected into SH-SY5Y cells. Expression of CXCR4 mRNA and protein was signiifcantly sup-pressed in transfected cells by all three sequence-speciifc siRNAs compared with control groups. Furthermore, the invasion capacity of SH-SY5Y cells was signiifcantly decreased following trans-fection with CXCR4-speciifc siRNA compared with the control groups. These data demonstrate that down-regulation of CXCR4 can inhibit in vitro invasion of neuroblastoma.展开更多
FK506-binding protein 9(FKBP9)is involved in tumor malignancy by resistance to endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress,and the up-regulation of FKBP9 is associated with patients'poor prognosis.The current knowledge of the...FK506-binding protein 9(FKBP9)is involved in tumor malignancy by resistance to endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress,and the up-regulation of FKBP9 is associated with patients'poor prognosis.The current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms is still limited.One pre-vious study showed that FKBP9 could confer glioblastoma cell resistance to ER stress through ASK1-p38 signaling.However,the upstream regulatory mechanism of FKBP9 expression is still indistinct.In this study,we identified the FKBP9 binding proteins using co-immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry.Results showed that FKBP9 interacted with the binding immu-noglobulin protein(BiP).BiP bound directly to FKBP9 with high affinity.BiP prolonged the half-life of the FKBP9 protein and stabilized the FKBP9 protein.BiP and FKBP9 protein levels were positively correlated in patients with glioma,and patients with high expression of BiP and FKBP9 showed a worse prognosis.Further studies showed that FKBP9 knockout in genetically engineered mice inhibited intracranial glioblastoma formation and prolonged survival by decreasing cellular proliferation and ER stress-induced CHOP-related apoptosis.Moreover,normal cells may depend less on FKBP9,as shown by the absence of apoptosis upon FKBP9 knockdown in a non-transformed human cell line and overall normal development in homozygous knockout mice.These findings suggest an important role of BiP-regulated FKBP9-associated signaling in glioma progression and the BiP-FKBP9 axis may be a potential therapeutic target forglioma.展开更多
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC3003903)the S&T Program of Hebei(Grant No.19275408D),the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2020B1111200001)+1 种基金the Key Project of Monitoring,Early Warning and Prevention of Major Natural Disasters of China(Grant No.2019YFC1510304)the Joint Fund of Key Laboratory of Atmosphere Sounding,CMA,and the Research Centre on Meteorological Observation Engineering Technology,CMA(Grant No.U2021Z05).
文摘Accurate radar quantitative precipitation estimation(QPE)plays an essential role in disaster prevention and mitigation.In this paper,two deep learning-based QPE networks including a single-parameter network and a multi-parameter network are designed.Meanwhile,a self-defined loss function(SLF)is proposed during modeling.The dataset includes Shijiazhuang S-band dual polarimetric radar(CINRAD/SAD)data and rain gauge data within the radar’s 100-km detection range during the flood season of 2021 in North China.Considering that the specific propagation phase shift(KDP)has a roughly linear relationship with the precipitation intensity,KDP is set to 0.5°km^(-1 )as a threshold value to divide all the rain data(AR)into a heavy rain(HR)and light rain(LR)dataset.Subsequently,12 deep learning-based QPE models are trained according to the input radar parameters,the precipitation datasets,and whether an SLF was adopted,respectively.The results suggest that the effects of QPE after distinguishing rainfall intensity are better than those without distinguishing,and the effects of using SLF are better than those that used MSE as a loss function.A Z-R relationship and a ZH-KDP-R synthesis method are compared with deep learning-based QPE.The mean relative errors(MRE)of AR models using SLF are improved by 61.90%,51.21%,and 56.34%compared with the Z-R relational method,and by 38.63%,42.55%,and 47.49%compared with the synthesis method.Finally,the models are further evaluated in three precipitation processes,which manifest that the deep learning-based models have significant advantages over the traditional empirical formula methods.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81272986the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,No.ZR2011HZ002
文摘This study investigated the effects of small interfering RNA （siRNA）-mediated silencing of chemokine receptor 4 （CXCR4） on the invasion capacity of human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y in vitro. Three siRNAs targeting CXCR4 were chemically synthesized and individually transfected into SH-SY5Y cells. Expression of CXCR4 mRNA and protein was signiifcantly sup-pressed in transfected cells by all three sequence-speciifc siRNAs compared with control groups. Furthermore, the invasion capacity of SH-SY5Y cells was signiifcantly decreased following trans-fection with CXCR4-speciifc siRNA compared with the control groups. These data demonstrate that down-regulation of CXCR4 can inhibit in vitro invasion of neuroblastoma.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.82103107 to B.S.)the open project from the State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution of China (No.GREKF19-06 to H.Y.)the 1.3.5 project for disciplines of excellence,West China Hospital,Sichuan University (No.ZYYC20002 to X.D.Z.).
文摘FK506-binding protein 9(FKBP9)is involved in tumor malignancy by resistance to endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress,and the up-regulation of FKBP9 is associated with patients'poor prognosis.The current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms is still limited.One pre-vious study showed that FKBP9 could confer glioblastoma cell resistance to ER stress through ASK1-p38 signaling.However,the upstream regulatory mechanism of FKBP9 expression is still indistinct.In this study,we identified the FKBP9 binding proteins using co-immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry.Results showed that FKBP9 interacted with the binding immu-noglobulin protein(BiP).BiP bound directly to FKBP9 with high affinity.BiP prolonged the half-life of the FKBP9 protein and stabilized the FKBP9 protein.BiP and FKBP9 protein levels were positively correlated in patients with glioma,and patients with high expression of BiP and FKBP9 showed a worse prognosis.Further studies showed that FKBP9 knockout in genetically engineered mice inhibited intracranial glioblastoma formation and prolonged survival by decreasing cellular proliferation and ER stress-induced CHOP-related apoptosis.Moreover,normal cells may depend less on FKBP9,as shown by the absence of apoptosis upon FKBP9 knockdown in a non-transformed human cell line and overall normal development in homozygous knockout mice.These findings suggest an important role of BiP-regulated FKBP9-associated signaling in glioma progression and the BiP-FKBP9 axis may be a potential therapeutic target forglioma.
