PSMFNet:Lightweight Partial Separation and Multiscale Fusion Network for Image Super-Resolution

The employment of deep convolutional neural networks has recently contributed to significant progress in single image super-resolution(SISR)research.However,the high computational demands of most SR techniques hinder their applicability to edge devices,despite their satisfactory reconstruction performance.These methods commonly use standard convolutions,which increase the convolutional operation cost of the model.In this paper,a lightweight Partial Separation and Multiscale Fusion Network(PSMFNet)is proposed to alleviate this problem.Specifically,this paper introduces partial convolution(PConv),which reduces the redundant convolution operations throughout the model by separating some of the features of an image while retaining features useful for image reconstruction.Additionally,it is worth noting that the existing methods have not fully utilized the rich feature information,leading to information loss,which reduces the ability to learn feature representations.Inspired by self-attention,this paper develops a multiscale feature fusion block(MFFB),which can better utilize the non-local features of an image.MFFB can learn long-range dependencies from the spatial dimension and extract features from the channel dimension,thereby obtaining more comprehensive and rich feature information.As the role of the MFFB is to capture rich global features,this paper further introduces an efficient inverted residual block(EIRB)to supplement the local feature extraction ability of PSMFNet.A comprehensive analysis of the experimental results shows that PSMFNet maintains a better performance with fewer parameters than the state-of-the-art models.

Origin of Anisotropy in Gadolinium Crystal Using a New Spin Hamiltonian

Single crystal rare-earth magnets,such as hexagonal-close-packed gadolinium,usually have a large second order anisotropy K2 and a negative first order anisotropy K1 at low temperatures,which are difficult to explain using microscopic theories.An atomic scale effective spin Hamiltonian F|{Si}|is proposed,which,apart from the usual isotropic nearest neighbor coupling J,consists of two new terms that are different for in-plane and out-of-plane neighbors and which are characterized by two new couplings C1 and C2,respectively.The hybrid Monte-Carlo method is utilized to sample this system to the desired Boltzmann-like distribution exp(-F/kBT).It is found that K2 and K1 are compatible with the experimental values and arise naturally from the exchange anisotropy C1 and C2,which are less than 0.01%in magnitude of the isotropic exchange energy J.This new model spin Hamiltonian can also be applied to study other magnetic properties.

Gravitation induced shrinkage of Mercury's orbit

In general relativity, Mercury's orbit becomes approximately elliptical and the its perihelion has thus an additional advance. We demonstrate, meanwhile, that in comparison of those given by Newton's theory of gravitation for the orbit of the Mercury, the circumference and the area are reduced by 40.39 km and 2.35 × 10^9 km^2, respectively, besides the major-axis contraction pointed out recently, and all are produced by the curved space within Einstein's theory of gravitation. Since the resolution power of present astronomical distance measurement technology reaches one kilometer, the shrinkage of Mercury's orbit can then be observable.

Efficacy and safety of intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in mild ischaemic stroke:a meta-analysis

The benefits and safety of intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator(IV-tPA)for patients with mild ischaemic stroke(MIS)are still unclear.The objective of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of IV-tPA as treatment for patients with MIS.We performed a systematic literature search across MEDLINE,Embase,Central,Global Health and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature(CINAHL),from inception to 10 November 2016,to identify all related studies.Where possible,data were pooled for meta-analysis with odds ratio(OR)and corresponding 95%confidence interval(CI)using the fixed-effects model.MIS was defined as having National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of≤6.We included seven studies with a total of 1591 patients based on the prespecified inclusion and exclusion criteria.The meta-analysis indicated a high odds of excellent functional outcome based on the modified Rankin Scale or Oxfordshire Handicap Score 0-1(OR=1.43;95%CI 1.14 to 1.79;P=0.002,I2=35%)in patients treated with IV-tPA compared with those not treated with IV-tPA(74.8%vs 67.6%).There was a high risk of symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage(sICH)with IV-tPA treatment(OR=10.13;95%CI 1.93 to 53.02;P=0.006,I2=0%)(1.9%vs 0.0%)but not mortality(OR=0.78;95%CI 0.43 to 1.43;P=0.43,I2=0%)(2.4%vs 2.9%).Treatment with IV-tPA was associated with better functional outcome but not mortality among patients with MIS,although there was an increased risk of sICH.Randomised trials are warranted to confirm these findings.

Factors Associated with Thrombolysis Outcome in Ischemic Stroke Patients with Atrial Fibrillation

The outcome of early intravenous thrombolysis for ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation（AF）is worse than that without thrombosis. How to increase the efficacy of intravenous thrombolysis for AF-related ischemic stroke remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated factors that influence the effect of intravenous thrombolysis in these patients. Our results showed that thrombolysis was independently associated with a favorable outcome（P ／ 0.001） and did not influence the mortality of AF-related ischemic stroke, although it increased the risk of hemorrhage within 24 h after treatment. Risk factors for a poor outcome at admission were：heart failure（P = 0.045）; high systolic pressure（P = 0.039）; high blood glucose（P = 0.030）; and a high National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale（NIHSS） score（P ／ 0.001）. Moreover, high systolic pressure at admission（P = 0.007）, high blood glucose（P = 0.027）, and a high NIHSS score（P ／ 0.001） were independent risk factors for mortality at 3 months. Besides thrombolysis, a high NIHSS score（P = 0.006） and warfarin taken within 48 h before stroke onset（P = 0.032） were also independent risk factors for symptomatic hemorrhage within 24 h after treatment. Ischemic stroke patients with AF benefited from intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator within 4.5 h after stroke.

Impact of COVID-2019 on stroke services in China: survey from the Chinese Stroke Association

Background The COVID-19 pandemic and physical distancing guidelines have compelled stroke practices worldwide to reshape their delivery of care significantly.We aimed to illustrate how the stroke services were interrupted during the pandemic in China.Methods A 61-item questionnaire designed on Wenjuanxing Form was completed by doctors or nurses who were involved in treating patients with stroke from 1 February to 31 March 2020.Results A total of 415 respondents completed the online survey after informed consent was obtained.Of the respondents,37.8%,35.2%and 27.0%were from mild,moderate and severe epidemic areas,respectively.Overall,the proportion of severe impact(reduction>50%)on the admission of transient ischaemic stroke,acute ischaemic stroke(AIS)and intracerebral haemorrhage(ICH)was 45.0%,32.0%and 27.5%,respectively.Those numbers were 36.9%,27.9%and 22.3%;36.5%,22.1%and 22.6%;and 66.4%,47.5%and 41.1%in mild,moderate and severe epidemic areas,respectively(all p<0.0001).For AIS,thrombolysis was moderate(20%-50%reduction)or severely impacted(>50%),as reported by 54.4%of the respondents,while thrombectomy was 39.3%.These were 44.4%,26.3%;44.2%,39.4%;and 78.2%,56.5%,in mild,moderate and severe epidemic areas,respectively(all p<0.0001).For patients with acute ICH,39.8%reported the impact was severe or moderate for those eligible for surgery who had surgery.Those numbers were 27.4%,39.0%and 58.1%in mild,moderate and severe epidemic areas,respectively.For staff resources,about 20%(overall)to 55%(severe epidemic)of the respondents reported moderate or severe impact on the on-duty doctors and nurses.Conclusion We found a significant reduction of admission for all types of patients with stroke during the pandemic.Patients were less likely to receive appropriate care,for example,thrombolysis/thrombectomy,after being admitted to the hospital.Stroke service in severe COVID-19 epidemic areas,for example,Wuhan,was much more severely impacted compared with other regions in China.