Synthesis of mordenite by solvent-free method and its application in the dimethyl ether carbonylation reaction

Mordenite with different Si/Al ratios were synthesized by solvent-free method and used for dimethyl ether(DME)carbonylation reaction.The influence of Si/Al ratio in the feedstock on the structure,porosity and acid sites were systematically investigated.The characterization results showed that with the increase of Si/Al ratio in the feedstock,part of silicon species fail to enter the skeleton and the specific surface area and pore volume of the samples decreased.The amount of weak acid and medium strong acid decreased alongside with the increasing Si/Al ratio,and the amount of strong acid slightly increased.The Al atoms preferentially enter the strong acid sites in the 8 member ring(MR)channel during the crystallization process.The high Si/Al ratio sample had more acid sites located in the 8 MR channel,leading to more active sites for carbonylation reaction and higher catalytic performance.Appropriately increasing the Si/Al ratio was beneficial for the improvement of carbonylation reaction activity over the mordenite(MOR)catalyst.

Direct Synthesis of Layer-Tunable and Transfer-Free Graphene on Device-Compatible Substrates Using Ion Implantation Toward Versatile Applications

Direct synthesis of layer-tunable and transfer-free graphene on technologically important substrates is highly valued for various electronics and device applications.State of the art in the field is currently a two-step process:a high-quality graphene layer synthesis on metal substrate through chemical vapor deposition(CVD)followed by delicate layer transfer onto device-relevant substrates.Here,we report a novel synthesis approach combining ion implantation for a precise graphene layer control and dual-metal smart Janus substrate for a diffusion-limiting graphene formation to directly synthesize large area,high quality,and layer-tunable graphene films on arbitrary substrates without the post-synthesis layer transfer process.Carbon(C)ion implantation was performed on Cu-Ni film deposited on a variety of device-relevant substrates.A well-controlled number of layers of graphene,primarily monolayer and bilayer,is precisely controlled by the equivalent fluence of the implanted C-atoms(1 monolayer~4×10^(15)C-atoms/cm^(2)).Upon thermal annealing to promote Cu-Ni alloying,the pre-implanted C-atoms in the Ni layer are pushed toward the Ni/substrate interface by the top Cu layer due to the poor C-solubility in Cu.As a result,the expelled C-atoms precipitate into a graphene structure at the interface facilitated by the Cu-like alloy catalysis.After removing the alloyed Cu-like surface layer,the layer-tunable graphene on the desired substrate is directly realized.The layer-selectivity,high quality,and uniformity of the graphene films are not only confirmed with detailed characterizations using a suite of surface analysis techniques but more importantly are successfully demonstrated by the excellent properties and performance of several devices directly fabricated from these graphene films.Molecular dynamics(MD)simulations using the reactive force field(ReaxFF)were performed to elucidate the graphene formation mechanisms in this novel synthesis approach.With the wide use of ion implantation technology in the microelectronics industry,this novel graphene synthesis approach with precise layer-tunability and transfer-free processing has the promise to advance efficient graphene-device manufacturing and expedite their versatile applications in many fields.

Restructuring Tilth Layers Can Change the Microbial Community Structure and Affect the Occurrence of Verticillium Wilt in Cotton Field

Restructuring tilth layers(RTL)is a tillage method that exchanges the 0–20 and 20–40 cm soil layers that can be applied during cotton cultivation to increase cotton yield,eliminate weeds and alleviate severe disease,including Verticillium wilt.However,the mechanism by which RTL inhibits Verticillium wilt is unclear.Therefore,we investigated the distribution of microbial communities after rotary tillage(CK)and RTL treatments to identify the reasons for the reduction of Verticillium wilt in cotton fields subjected to RTL.Illumina high-throughput sequencing was used to sequence the bacterial and fungal genes.The disease incidence and severity of Verticillium wilt decreased by 28.57%and 42.64%,respectively,after RTL.Moreover,RTL significantly enhanced bacterial richness and evenness at 20–40 cm and-reduced the differences in fungal evenness and richness between soil depths of 0–20 and 20–40 cm.The number of Verticillium dahliae decreased,while the relative abundance of biocontrol bacteria such as Bacillus and Pseudoxanthomonas increased significantly following RTL.Overall RTL improved bacterial diversity,decreased the number of Verticillium dahliae and increased the relative abundance of biocontrol bacteria,which may have suppressed the occurrence of Verticillium wilt in cotton fields.

2020年度国家自然科学基金临床肿瘤学科申请与资助项目分析和思考

随着基于四类科学问题属性的分类评审的实施,国家自然科学基金委员会医学科学部临床肿瘤学科申请与资助项目也呈现出新的特点与趋势。本文总结了2020年度国家自然科学基金临床肿瘤学科面上项目、青年科学基金项目、地区科学基金项目的申请与资助概况,并按照四类科学问题属性、肿瘤靶器官类型、不同研究方向、2021年度启用的新学科代码体系,对2020年度临床肿瘤学科申请与资助的面上项目进行深入分析。同时,也结合肿瘤学研究发展的最新进展,探讨了2020年度临床肿瘤学科申请与资助项目的一些新特点。

小议灵活构造辅助函数

本文给出利用构造辅助函数解决三类问题的方法,例谈辅助函数的常用构造方法,并对各种解法的优、缺点进行比较.

Transmission of Carbapenem Resistance Between Human and Animal NDM-Positive Escherichia coli Strains

Although carbapenem use is prohibited in animals in China,carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli(CREC),especially New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase(NDM)-producing strains,are widely prevalent in foodproducing animals.At present,the impact of livestock-associated CREC strains on human populations at the national level is unknown.Here,we conduct a retrospective cross-sectional study to investigate the prevalence of CREC from clinical settings across 22 Chinese provinces or municipalities and analyze anthropogenic factors associated with their presence.We also ascertain the blaNDMand blaKPCabundance among pig and chicken farms and present a detailed genomic framework for CREC of animal and human origin.Overall,631/29799(2.1%)clinical Escherichia coli(E.coli)isolates were identified as CREC.Multivariable analysis revealed that being male,an age below 1,an age between 13 and 18,provinces with greater chicken production,and provinces with higher pig production were associated with higher odds of CREC infection.In general,73.8%(n=45/61)of pig farms and 62.2%(n=28/45)of chicken farms had a blaNDMabundance of 1×10^(-5)to 1×10^(-3)and 1×10^(-3)to 1×10^(-2),respectively.Among all the Chinese NDM-positive E.coli(n=463)available at the National Center for Biotechnology Information(NCBI),the genomic analysis revealed that blaNDM-5and Inc X3 were the predominant carbapenemase gene-plasmid combination,while a highly homogeneous relationship between NDM-positive isolates from humans and animals was demonstrated at the plasmid and core genome levels.All the findings suggest frequent CREC transmission between humans and animals,indicating that further discussions on the use of antibiotics in animals and humans are needed,both in China and across the globe.

Clinical Study of Different Immunosuppressive Regimens in Liver Transplant Patients

[Objectives]To explore the clinical effect of different immunosuppressive regimens in liver transplant patients.[Methods]The study patients were 147 liver transplant patients who underwent liver transplantation in a hospital and received CNI-based immunosuppression in the first two years after the operation.Both groups were given mycophenolate mofetil+glucocorticoid,and the control group was additional given cyclosporine,and the experimental group was given tacrolimus.Followed up and made a record of the liver and kidney function indicators,blood routine examination,blood sugar,and blood concentration of immunosuppressive drugs in the two groups of patients at 3,6,12,18,and 24 months after the operation,and the clinical pharmacist regularly adjusted the dose of immunosuppressive drugs.The renal function indicators of the two groups were compared:glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)and serum creatinine(Scr)level.[Results]Within 24 months after the operation,the eGFR level in the two groups showed a declining trend,and the Scr level showed a rising trend,indicating a decline in renal function;the renal function of the control group decreased at 3 months after operation,and the difference was significant(P<0.05);the renal function of the experimental group also decreased at 12 months after operation,and the difference was significant(P<0.05).[Conclusions]The TAC based triple immunization regimen can delay the decline of renal function in liver transplant patients,and the efficacy is significantly better than the CsA based triple immunization regimen.

The Magnetic Properties of Zn_0.98Fe_0.02O with Additional Cu Doping

Samples Zn0.98Fe0.02O doped with additional Cu have been fabricated by a coprecipitation method. It is found that Zn0.98Fe0.02O without additional doping shows weak ferromagnetism at room temperature. The Cu doping has induced a light increase of magnetization in low temperature of 10 K. This result is consistent with bound magnetic polaron model relative to holes.

大白菜和甘蓝CBL基因的鉴定和比较分析

植物CBL基因在逆境应答及发育过程中具有重要功能。然而,有关重要蔬菜大白菜和甘蓝CBL的研究缺乏报道。笔者在大白菜和甘蓝CBL基因组解析的基础上,对它们进行了系统比较。结果发现,大白菜和甘蓝都有16个CBL基因,它们分别位于不同的染色体上,编码区序列大小相似,在序列组成、基因结构和内含子数目上相对保守,在顺式调控元件上存在一定差异。这说明大白菜和甘蓝的CBL家族成员存在功能上的分化。本研究为进一步解析大白菜和甘蓝CBL基因在逆境应答中的功能提供了有益启示。

Meta-Analysis on Efficacy of Vaccination against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

Mastitis is a common disease responsible for the biggest economic loss in the dairy industry.Antibiotic therapy does not provide long-term protection.And residue is a major concern in food safety.Vaccination is an alternative control method with great potential for bovine mastitis.Our study focus on evaluating vaccine efficacy regarding reducing the incidence of clinical and subclinical mastitis.Meta-analysis was used to pool data extracted from previous studies.26 records from 13 studies were examined.A fixed effect model was constructed assigning incidence as the measurement of the outcome.Risk ratio(RR)was the parameter that measured the incidence differences between treated group and control group.Studies and records were categorised based on vaccine antigens.In vaccine against Staphylococcus aureus,RR was 0.76;95%CI(0.65,0.89),while in vaccine against Escherichia coli RR was 0.96;95%CI(0.86,1.08).

Genome editing in plants using the TnpB transposase system

The widely used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease(Cas)system is thought to have evolved from IS200/IS605 transposons.TnpB proteins,encoded by one type of IS200/IS605 transposon,are considered to be the evolutionary ancestors of Cas12 nucleases,which have been engineered to function as RNA-guided DNA endonucleases for genome editing in bacteria and human cells.TnpB nucleases,which are smaller than Cas nucleases,have been engineered for use in genome editing in animal systems,but the feasibility of this approach in plants remained unknown.Here,we obtained stably transformed genome-edited mutants in rice(Oryza sativa)by adapting three recently identified TnpB genome editing vectors,encoding distinct TnpB nucleases(ISAam1,ISDra2,and ISYmu1),for use in plants,demonstrating that the hypercompact TnpB proteins can effectively edit plant genomes.ISDra2 and ISYmu1 precisely edited their target sequences,with no off-target mutations detected,showing that TnpB transposon nucleases are suitable for development into a new genome editing tool for plants.Future modifications improving the genome-editing efficiency of the TnpB system will facilitate plant functional studies and breeding programs.

Transcription factor EHF interacting with coactivator AJUBA aggravates malignancy and acts as a therapeutic target for gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma

Transcriptional dysregulation of genes is a hallmark of tumors and can serve as targets for cancer drug development.However,it is extremely challenging to develop small-molecule inhibitors to target abnormally expressed transcription factors(TFs)except for the nuclear receptor family of TFs.Little is known about the interaction between TFs and transcription cofactors in gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma(GEA)or the therapeutic effects of targeting TF and transcription cofactor complexes.In this study,we found that ETS homologous factor(EHF)expression is promoted by a core transcriptional regulatory circuitry(CRC),specifically ELF3-KLF5-GATA6,and interference with its expression suppressed the malignant biological behavior of GEA cells.Importantly,we identified Ajuba LIM protein(AJUBA)as a new coactivator of EHF that cooperatively orchestrates transcriptional network activity in GEA.Furthermore,we identified KRAS signaling as a common pathway downstream of EHF and AJUBA.Applicably,dual targeting of EHF and AJUBA by lipid nanoparticles cooperatively attenuated the malignant biological behaviors of GEA in vitro and in vivo.In conclusion,EHF is upregulated by the CRC and promotes GEA malignancy by interacting with AJUBA through the KRAS pathway.Targeting of both EHF and its coactivator AJUBA through lipid nanoparticles is a novel potential therapeutic strategy.

China antimicrobial resistance surveillance network for pets(CARPet),2018 to 2021

China Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network for Pets(CARPet)was established in 2021 to monitor the resist-ance profiles of clinical bacterial pathogens from companion animals.From 2018 to 2021,we recovered and tested 4,541 isolates from dogs and cats across 25 Chinese provinces,with Escherichia coli(18.5%)and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius(17.8%)being the most predominant bacterial species.The Enterobacterales were highly susceptible to tigecycline,meropenem,colistin,and amikacin(70.3%-100.0%),but showed moderate resistance to ampicillin,ceftriaxone,doxycycline,florfenicol,levofloxacin,enrofloxacin,and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole(29.3%-56.7%).About 66.3%of Acinetobacter spp.were resistant to florfenicol,with relatively low resistance to another 11 antibiot-ics(1.2%-23.3%).The Pseudomonas spp.showed high susceptibility to colistin(91.7%)and meropenem(88.3%).The coagulase-positive Staphylococcus spp.showed higher resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents than coagulase-negative Staphylococcus isolates.However,over 90.0%of Staphylococcus spp.were susceptible to linezolid,dapto-mycin and rifampin,and no vancomycin-resistant isolates were detected.E.faecium isolates demonstrated higher resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents than E.faecalis isolates.Streptococcus spp.isolates showed low resistance to most antimicrobial agents except for doxycycline(78.2%)and azithromycin(68.8%).Overall,the tested clinical isolates showed high rates of resistance to commonly used antimicrobial agents in companion animals.Therefore,it is crucial to strengthen the monitoring of bacterial resistance in pets.By timely and effectively collecting,analyzing,and reporting antimicrobial resistance dynamics in pets,the CARPet network will become a powerful platform to provide scientific guidance for both pet medical care and public health.

Enhanced activity of ZnS(111) by N/Cu co-doping:Accelerated degradation of organic pollutants under visible light

High-efficiency photocatalysts are of great significance for the application of photocatalytic technology in water treatment.In this study,N/Cu co-doped ZnS nanosphere photocatalys(N/Cu-ZnS) is synthesized by a hydrothermal method for the first time.After doping,the tex ture of nanosphere becomes loose,the nanometer diameter is reduced,making the specific surface area of catalyst increased from 34.73 to 101.59 m^(2)/g.The characterization results show that more ZnS (111) crystal planes are exposed by N/Cu co-doping;the calculations of density functional theory show that N/Cu co-doping can increase the catalytic activity of the ZnS (111) crystal plane,enhance the adsorption capacity of (111) crystal plane to O_(2)and promote the generation of·O_(2)-.The energy levels of the introduced impurities can be hybridized with the energy levels of S and Zn at the top of valence band and the bottom o conduction band,which makes the band gap narrower,thus enhancing the absorption o visible light.Compared with pure ZnS,the degradation rates of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP and tetracycline (TC) by N/Cu-ZnS under visible light (>420 nm) are increased by 83.7 and51 times,respectively.In this research,a promising photocatalyst for photocatalytic degra dation of organic pollutants in wastewater is provided.

The role of TIA1 and TIAL1 in germinal center B cell function and survival

B cells are essential components of the adaptive immune system and undergo differentiation and maturation during infection or immune stimulation to produce antibodies that can specifically recognize and bind to antigens.Germinal centers(GCs)are microanatomical sites for the clonal expansion and antibody affinity maturation of B cells.In the dark zone(DZ)of the germinal center,B cells rapidly proliferate,and somatic hypermutation(SHM)of B cell antigen receptors(BCRs)occurs.B cells then migrate to the light zone(LZ).

Advances in metabolomics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is a chronic lung disease with limited airflow.COPD is charac-terized by chronic bronchitis and emphysema,and is often accompanied by malnutrition with fatigue,muscle weakness,and an increased risk of infection.Although the pulmonary function test is used as the gold crite-rion for diagnosing COPD,it is unable to identify early COPD or classify the subtypes,thereby impeding early intervention and the precise diagnosis of COPD.Recent evidence suggests that metabolic dysfunction,such as changes in lipids,amino acids,glucose,nucleotides,and microbial metabolites in the lungs and intestine,have a great potential for diagnosing COPD in the early stage.However,a comprehensive summary of these metabolites and their effects on COPD is still lacking.This review summarizes the metabolites that are changed in COPD and highlights some promising early diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets.We emphasize that intensified dietary management may be among the most feasible methods to improve metabolism in the body.

Risk factors and molecular epidemiology of canine rabies in Beijing

Rabies is a serious public health problem in Asia and Africa.Approximately 99%of cases result from a bite by an infected dog.The high rabies risk countries are generally characterized by rapid urbanization;however,the prevalence and risk factors for rabies in urban dogs in developing countries remain unclear.Beijing,the capital of China,has been undergoing rapid urbanization,and implemented compulsory rabies immunization for dogs on October 1,2014.We evaluated the effects of this immunization policy and investigated the dynamics and determinants of the spread of dog rabies virus(RABV)in Beijing.Between 2013 and 2018,the positive rate of rabies in biting dogs declined significantly;79.6%of these were stray dogs.Reconstructed spatiotemporal diffusion for RABV presents a more central distribution within Beijing and a surrounding dissemination of virus lineage toward suburban areas,indicating that rabies is self-sustaining in Beijing.Continuous RABV phylogeographic reconstructions and logistic regression analysis of rabies cases revealed that rabies tended to remain in commercial areas,high-rise residences,demolition areas,and high-GDP,high-population and high-accessibility areas.Demolition areas,where many residents have abandoned their pets,are recognized as high-risk areas for rabies.Our findings reveal that the implementation of the immunization policy in Beijing has been effective in prevention and control of canine rabies,and because the prevalence of canine rabies results from multiple factors,emphasize the important role of multi-sectoral cooperation in rabies prevention and control.

鸡源CD40L基因克隆、蛋白表达及生物活性检测

为获得鸡源CD40L(chCD40L)蛋白,以鸡脾细胞制备cDNA并以之为模板扩增chCD40L基因,构建pFastBac-chCD40L供体重组质粒,转化感受态细胞DH10Bac,通过筛选及鉴定获得Bacmid-chCD40L重组质粒,转入真核表达系统sf9昆虫细胞进行蛋白表达与纯化,获得His-chCD40L蛋白。此外,构建pQM01-chCD40L质粒,转染HEK293T细胞进行蛋白表达与纯化,获得Strep-chCD40L蛋白。亲和层析纯化的chCD40L蛋白浓度为0.01 mg/mL。为检测chCD40L蛋白的生物活性,分离和培养3周龄SPF雏鸡的法氏囊组织原代细胞,将chCD40L加入细胞培养液刺激细胞增殖,通过Western blotting试验、间接免疫荧光试验、流式细胞术检测,发现该蛋白能够与法氏囊B淋巴细胞表面的CD40结合,说明chCD40L具有生物活性。成功获得chCD40L蛋白,为原代B淋巴细胞体外培养及IBDV野毒分离与诊断奠定了基础。

Superhydrophobic Surfaces Produced by Applying a Self- Assembled Monolayer to Silicon Micro/Nano-Textured Surfaces

A novel way of producing superhydrophobic surfaces by applying a self-assembled monolayer(SAM)to silicon micro/nano-textured surfaces is presented in this paper.The micro/nano-textured surfaces on silicon substrates were generated by the aluminum-induced crystallization(AIC)of amorphous silicon(a-Si)technique.Octadecyltrichlorosilane(OTS)SAMs were then applied to the textured surfaces by dip coating.The topography and wetting properties of the resulting surfaces were characterized using scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and a video-based contact angle measurement system.The results show that by introducing OTS SAMs on the silicon micro/nano-textured surfaces,superhydrophobic surfaces with water contact angles(WCAs)of 155°were obtained,as compared to the WCAs of OTS-modified smooth silicon surfaces of about 112°.Surface topography was found to directly influence the WCA as predicted by the Cassie-Baxter model.

Cuproptosis:a new v form of programmed cell death

A recent study by Tsvetkov et al.was published in Science and proposed a novel form of copper-induced cell death.Tsvetkov et al.revealed that excess intracellular copper induces the aggregation of lipoylated dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase(DLAT),which is associated with the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid(TCA)cycle,resulting in proteotoxic stress and leading to a novel form of cell death termed cuproptosis[1].