Advances in regional nodal management of early-stage breast cancer

With the continuous improvement of systemic treatment, reasonable local regional control of early-stage breast cancer can be translated into survival benefits. The optimization of regional nodal management in patients with limited sentinel lymph node(SLN) metastasis needs to be weighed by surgical complications, regional recurrence risk, and lymph node status, as well as other escalating treatment(systemic/radiotherapy) that may result from deescalating surgery. With the effective support and supplementation of systemic therapy and radiotherapy, the management of axillary surgery is developing in a de-escalating trend. The widespread application of neoadjuvant therapy has contributed to optimizing the management of patients with clinically node-negative/imaging nodepositive disease. In clinical practice, it is necessary to consider the residual tumor burden of regional lymph nodes when formulating the optimal irradiation fields in patients with limited positive SLN without axillary lymph node dissection. The combined application of genomic tests and American College of Surgeons Oncology Group Z0011/AMAROS criteria could provide patients with a better strategy of dual de-escalation treatment, which includes the de-escalation of both axillary surgery and systemic treatment. In the era of sentinel lymph node biopsy(SLNB), the regional nodal management of breast cancer should adhere to the concept of “updating ideas, making bold assumptions, and carefully seeking proof”, make full use of the benefits of systemic therapy and radiotherapy to reduce the scope of surgery and complications, and expand the “net benefit” of efficacy and quality of life. This review discusses the optimization of regional nodal management in the era of SLNB, in order to provide reference information for clinicians.

True-temperature inversion algorithm for a multi-wavelength pyrometer based on fractional-order particle-swarm optimization

Herein,a method of true-temperature inversion for a multi-wavelength pyrometer based on fractional-order particle-swarm optimization is proposed for difficult inversion problems with unknown emissivity.Fractional-order calculus has the inherent advantage of easily jumping out of local extreme values;here,it is introduced into the particle-swarm algorithm to invert the true temperature.An improved adaptive-adjustment mechanism is applied to automatically adjust the current velocity order of the particles and update their velocity and position values,increasing the accuracy of the true temperature values.The results of simulations using the proposed algorithm were compared with three algorithms using typical emissivity models:the internal penalty function algorithm,the optimization function(fmincon)algorithm,and the conventional particle-swarm optimization algorithm.The results show that the proposed algorithm has good accuracy for true-temperature inversion.Actual experimental results from a rocket-motor plume were used to demonstrate that the true-temperature inversion results of this algorithm are in good agreement with the theoretical true-temperature values.

UBE2T mediates the stemness properties of breast cancer cells through the mTOR signaling pathway

Objectives:This study aimed to reveal the role and possible mechanism of the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 2T(UBE2T)in the biological activities of breast cancer stem cells(BCSCs).Methods:The specific protein and gene expression were quantified by Western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,the proportion of BCSCs was examined by flow cytometry,and the self-renewal and proliferation of BCSCs were verified by serial sphere formation and soft agar.Results:Increasing expression of UBE2T was drastically found in breast cancer than that in adjacent tissues.Furthermore,UBE2T overexpression significantly increased the proportion of BCSCs in breast cancer cells and promoted their self-renewal and proliferation.Silent UBE2T exhibited the opposite functions.UBE2T increased the levels of the mammalian target of rapamycin and the phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin.Mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)inhibitor rapamycin inhibited the function of UBE2T in BCSCs.Conclusion:UBE2T plays a role in BCSCs through mTOR pathway and may suggest a novel therapeutic strategy for breast cancer.

Optimization of regional nodal irradiation in the era of sentinel lymph node biopsy

Historically,axillary lymph node dissection(ALND)was the standard management for axillary sentinel lymph node(SLN)-positive patients,because it enables full assessment of overall axillary lymph node(ALN)metastasis status and favorable local-regional control1,2.

华北农民非正规就业的微观形态:基于河北定县两个村庄的考察

国内关于非正规就业的研究,大多是以城市为观察视角,忽视了非正规就业人员身后的农村社会经济状况。把农村作为研究的起点,不仅可以纳入更多的非正规就业形式,如农民兼业和个体经营等,更为重要的是,它还能够通过对比'传统部门'内不同程度的乡镇企业发展与农业经营方式变化,从而发现非正规就业的差异化形成机制。作为20世纪20年代就已备受学界关注的农村社会,河北定县有着深厚的学术研究传统。本研究选取了当地两个具有不同特征的村庄,发现附近是否存在乡镇企业很大程度上决定了农民打工的距离远近,即离乡还是不离乡,这也进一步影响农民收入水平的高低。无论是以建筑业为主的离乡务工,还是以作坊式乡镇企业为主的在乡务工,其员工在工资水平、工作条件和福利保障等方面均处于不利位置。与此同时,农村内部经营方式变化也会影响、甚至促成新的非正规就业。土地规模经营更大程度上解放了农业劳动力,客观上扩大了农民外出的潜在规模;从种植粮食作物到经济作物的转变,使得农民兼业形式变得更加多样化。最后,我们尝试建立一个由村庄内外部环境共同作用形成的经验框架来解释农村非正规就业的变化机制。

乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检规范化操作指南(2022精要版)

乳腺癌是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤,区域淋巴结状况作为重要的预后指标,可指导患者的淋巴结分期,并对后续治疗策略产生影响。前哨淋巴结活检术(sentinel lymph node biopsy,SLNB)标志着乳腺癌淋巴结外科处理进入微创时代,但其安全有效替代腋窝淋巴结清扫术应建立在规范化操作前提下。中国抗癌协会乳腺癌专业委员会组织业内专家依据循证医学方法制定《乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检规范化操作指南》,内容涉及SLNB适应证、示踪剂选择与应用、组织标本处理、腋窝SLNB、新辅助治疗与SLNB、内乳SLNB。本指南将为乳腺癌相关医务工作者的临床实践提供有益指导和参考。

Patient-derived non-small cell lung cancer xenograft mirrors complex tumor heterogeneity

Objective:Patient-derived xenograft(PDX)models have shown great promise in preclinical and translational applications,but their consistency with primary tumors in phenotypic,genetic,and pharmacodynamic heterogeneity has not been well-studied.This study aimed to establish a PDX repository for non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)and to further elucidate whether it could preserve the heterogeneity within and between tumors in patients.Methods:A total of 75 surgically resected NSCLC specimens were implanted into immunodeficient NOD/SCID mice.Based on the successful establishment of the NSCLC PDX model,we compared the expressions of vimentin,Ki67,EGFR,and PD-L1 proteins between cancer tissues and PDX models using hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining.In addition,we detected whole gene expression profiling between primary tumors and PDX generations.We also performed whole exome sequencing(WES)analysis in 17 first generation xenografts to further assess whether PDXs retained the patient heterogeneities.Finally,paclitaxel,cisplatin,doxorubicin,atezolizumab,afatininb,and AZD4547 were used to evaluate the responses of PDX models to the standard-of-care agents.Results:A large collection of serially transplantable PDX models for NSCLC were successfully developed.The histology and pathological immunohistochemistry of PDX xenografts were consistent with the patients’tumor samples.WES and RNA-seq further confirmed that PDX accurately replicated the molecular heterogeneities of primary tumors.Similar to clinical patients,PDX models responded differentially to the standard-of-care treatment,including chemo-,targeted-and immuno-therapeutics.Conclusions:Our established PDX models of NSCLC faithfully reproduced the molecular,histopathological,and therapeutic characteristics,as well as the corresponding tumor heterogeneities,which provides a clinically relevant platform for drug screening,biomarker discovery,and translational research.

Inconsistent radiotherapy effects between primary tumors and axillarylymphnodes

Negative surgical margins are important for patients treated with breast-conserving therapy(BCT)BCT has been a standard practice in breast cancer treatment for more than 2 decades.For patients who receive BCT,a positive surgical margin is defined by the presence of ink at the surfaces of surgical specimens,in either the invasive tumor cells or breast ductal carcinoma in sit,thus implying potentially incomplete resection,which is associated with a significantly elevated risk of ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence(IBTR)1,2.A meta-analysis with a median follow-up of 6.6 years has reported an odds ratio(OR)of 1.96[95%confidence interval(CI):1.72-2.24]for IBTR in patients with positive rather than negative surgical margins(no ink on the tumors).

Enhanced microwave absorption performance of MOF-derived hollow Zn-Co/C anchored on reduced graphene oxide

Composite materials assembled by metal/carbon nanoparticles and 2 D layered flakes can provide abundant interfaces,which are beneficial for high-performance microwave absorbers. Herein, Zn-Co/C/RGO composites, composed of ZnCo metal-organic framework-derived Zn-Co/C nanoparticles and reduced graphene oxide(RGO), were obtained through a facile method. The multilayer structure was due to the introduction of hollow Zn-Co/C nanoparticles in the RGO sheets. ZnCo/C nanoparticles provided abundant polarization and dipole centers on the RGO surface, which enhanced the microwave absorption abilities. Different concentrations of RGO were introduced to optimize impedance matching. The minimum reflection loss(R_(L)) of Zn-Co/C/RGO with a thickness of 1.5 mm reached-32.56 dB with the bandwidth corresponding to R_(L) at-10 dB, which can reach 3.92 GHz, while a minimum R_(L) of-47.15 dB at 11.2 GHz was also obtained at a thickness of 2.0 mm. The electromagnetic data demonstrate that Zn-Co/C/RGO presented excellent absorption performance and has potential for application in the microwave absorption field.

Investigation of the solute transportation coupled with heat transfer and fluid flow during twin-roll strip casting process

Mathematical model of solute [C] distribution in twin-roll strip casting process has been setup successfully with Calcosoft for the first time. Simulation result shows that in the center of the molten steel pool between the two rolls there is a vortex flow, which is a solute enriched area. But the highest solute concentration position is at the solidification front of the columnar grain zone near the cooling roll surface. Another solute enriched position is in the back flow above the nip point. Combined with the formation mechanism of microstruoture in final as cast strip, analysis shows that solute enriched area is in the transitional area between columnar and equiaxed grain zone.

Diagnostic Value of Noninvasive Cardiac Function Measurement for Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy

This paper aims to explore the diagnostic value of noninvasive?cardiac function measurement for hypertension in pregnancy. One hundred and fifty-eight cases of gestational hypertension in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively while 30 healthy pregnant women were served as normal controls. The heart function parameters in the two groups were measured with noninvasive cardiac function analyzer, such as myocardial contractive force indexes (JP, VP), impedance indexes (RTM, RS), volume load indexes (GCV, LVDP) and left heart output index (LCI). In all 158 cases of gestational hypertension, the myocardial contractive force indexes, impedance indexes and left heart output index increased unusually. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The myocardial contractive force indexes and the impedance indexes increased significantly higher than left heart output index (P < 0.05). The noninvasive cardiac function measurement was much valuable in the early diagnosis of pregnancy-induced hypertension, especially the myocardial contractive force indexes, impedance indexes and left heart output index, it appeared to be simple and efficient, and it deserves to be clinically popularized and applied.

Coaxing Polysaccharide Granules into Supramolecular Biocolloidal Additives for Papermaking

In light of developments in polysaccharide-based sustainable processes involving supramolecular interactions,we herein present our findings pertaining to coaxing polysaccharide granules into functional supramolecular biocolloids.Translucent biocolloidal dispersions containing various forms of starch are facilely designable,essentially built upon complexation between disassembled native cornstarch granules and amphiphilic ligands.Oily moieties of guest molecules are dynamically attractable into cavities of helical structures,with cationic groups pointing toward the bulk phase.This noncovalent attraction can generate core-shell biocolloidal particles.The significantly higher gelatinizability of freeze-dried biocolloids in contrast to native cornstarch granules is attributable to complex formation,and a homogenous dispersion is readily formable at room temperature.Our results also show biocolloids'ligand-related antibacterial activity.The use of biocolloids as wet-end additives for biofiber assemblies(cellulosic paper)can enhance mechanical strength,fines retention,and filler bondability.Supramolecular biocolloids with positively charged,translucent,easily gelatinizable,antibacterial,and polysaccharide-bondable functionalities would find tailorable use in the paper industry.

Transcriptomic,proteomic,and phosphoproteomic analyses reveal dynamic signaling networks influencing long-grain rice development

The LGS1(Large grain size 1)gene,also known as GS2/GL2/Os GRF4,is involved in regulating grain size and quality in rice,but the mechanism governing grain size has not been elucidated.We performed transcriptomic,proteomic,and phosphoproteomic analyses of young rice panicles in Samba(a wild-type cultivar with extra-small grain)and NIL-LGS1(a nearly isogenic line of LGS1 with large grain in the Samba genetic background)at three developmental stages(4–6)to identify internal dynamic functional networks determining grain size that are mediated by LGS1.Differentially expressed proteins formed seven highly functionally correlated clusters.The concordant regulation of multiple functional clusters may be key features of the development of grain length in rice.In stage 5,16 and 24 phosphorylated proteins were significantly up-regulated and down-regulated,and dynamic phosphorylation events may play accessory roles in determining rice grain size by participating in protein–protein interaction networks.Transcriptomic analysis in stage 5 showed that differentially expressed alternative splicing events and dynamic gene regulatory networks based on 39 transcription factors and their highly correlated target genes might contribute to rice grain development.Integrative multilevel omics analysis suggested that the regulatory network at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels could be directly manifested at the translational level,and this analysis also suggested a regulatory mechanism,regulation of protein translation levels,in the biological process that extends from transcript to protein to the development of grain.Functional analysis suggested that biological processes including MAPK signaling,calcium signaling,cell proliferation,cell wall,energy metabolism,hormone pathway,and ubiquitin-proteasome pathway might be involved in LGS1-mediated regulation of grain length.Thus,LGS1-mediated regulation of grain size is affected by dynamic transcriptional,posttranscriptional,translational and posttranslational changes.

The synergistic effects of PRDX5 and Nrf2 on lung cancer progression and drug resistance under oxidative stress in the zebrafish models

Previous studies have shown that PRDX5 and Nrf2 are antioxidant proteins related to abnormal reactive oxidative species(ROS).PRDX5 and Nrf2 play a critical role in the progression of inflammations and tumors.The combination of PRDX5 and Nrf2 was examined by Co-immunoprecipitation,western blotting and Immunohistochemistry.H2O2 was applied to affect the production of ROS and induced multi-resistant protein 1(MRP1)expression in NSCLC cells.The zebrafish models mainly investigated the synergistic effects of PRDX5 and Nrf2 on lung cancer drug resistance under oxidative stress.We showed that PRDX5 and Nrf2 form a complex and significantly increase the NSCLC tissues compared to adjacent tissues.The oxidative stress improved the combination of PRDX5 and Nrf2.We demonstrated that the synergy between PRDX5 and Nrf2 is positively related to the proliferation and drug resistance of NSCLC cells in the zebrafish models.In conclusion,our data indicated that PRDX5 could bind to Nrf2 and has a synergistic effect with Nrf2.Meanwhile,in the zebrafish models,PRDX5 and Nrf2 have significant regulatory impacts on lung cancer progression and drug resistance activities under oxidative stress.

Design of improved compact decoupler based on adjustable capacitor for EAST-ICRF antenna

The Ion Cyclotron Radio Frequency(ICRF)heating antenna on EAST adopts a decoupling device to constrain power coupling among the radiation straps,which was discovered shortcomings such as long size,poor contact,and etc.In order to improve these weak points,a new type decoupler with terminal-loaded tunable capacitor is designed to replace the previous design.Besides the capability of the tunable admittance parameters of decoupler,the withstand voltage of the capacitor is the most significant consideration for working under high power.Therefore,the theoretical analysis carefully elaborates the capacitor withstand voltage,and the detailed analytical equations and criteria for design are given.After the comparative analysis of theoretical calculation and 3D simulation results,the decoupler design scheme is finalized.The capacitor-loaded decoupler has been successfully adopted for ICRF antenna at port N on EAST,and achieved the optimization of adjacent port isolation from-22 to-58 dB at 37 MHz without plasma to restrict mutual coupling.The new design of the decoupler has greatly improved its compactness and automatic adjustment performance,and could be good solution for the decoupling network of ICRF antennas.

Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Hairtail Surimi in an Ultra-High Pressure Bioreactor

Amino acids have been extracted from Hairtail surimi using enzymes in an ultra-high pressure bioreactor. The extraction efficiency of different enzymes including papain, trypsin, and proteases (acid, neutral, alkaline) also has been evaluated, and it has been discovered that neutral protease behaved the best. The amino acids were analyzed using automatic amino acid analyzer, and the enzymatic digestion conditions were optimized. For neutral protease, the optimal condition was 50℃, 250 MPa, pH 7.0. Material to liquid ratio of enzyme is 6%. More than 29 amino acids were detected after 24 hours of hydrolysis;the enzymatic hydrolysis rate can reach 83.29%. The results show that enzymatic digestion under ultra-high-pressure provides a very promising approach to extract amino acids from Hairtail surimi.

精、微表处在高速公路养护中的应用对比研究

预防性养护是高速公路养护中必不可少的手段,在预防早期病害中,通过各种罩面技术可以有效提升高速公路的效能。本文通过分析精表处和微表处在高速公路预防性养护中的应用,并基于其施工条件,研究精表处和微表处的优缺点和适用范围,以便为相关应用提供可具参考的建议。

The underappreciated role of fugitive VOCs in ozone formation and health risk assessment emitted from seven typical industries in China

Fugitive emission from industrial sources may result in ozone formation and health risk,while the exact contribution of this source remains incompletely understood.In this study,emission characteristics,ozone formation potential(OFP)and health risk of fugitive VOCs in7 representative industries were investigated.Chemical material industry was the dominant contributor to VOCs of fugitive emission in comparison with other industries.The OFP of VOCs from fugitive emission was in the range of 1.45×10^(3)-3.98×10^(5)μg/m^(3),with a higher value than that of organized emission in seven industries except for the coking industry and the chemical material industry,suggesting that fugitive VOCs should be taken into account while developing control strategies.Acetaldehyde,m,p-xylene,n-nonane,ethylene,vinyl chloridethe and other high OFP-contributing species were the major reactive species that should be targeted.Health risk assessment investigated non-cancer and cancer risks of fugitive VOCs in 7 industries were all above safe level(HR>1 and LCR>1×10^(-4)),posing remarkable health threats to human health.OVOCs were the main contributor to non-cancer risk,while halohydrocarbons and aromatics contributed most to cancer risks,posing remarkable health threat on human health.Our findings highlighted the contribution of fugitive VOCs on ozone formation and health risk was underestimated,indicating which should be considered in emission control strategies of industrial sources.

A general and facile calcination method to synthesize single-site catalysts for highly efficient electrochemical CO_(2) reduction

The electrochemical CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)has received widespread attention as a promising method for producing sustainable chemicals and mitigating the global warming.Here,we demonstrate a general and facile synthetic route for the metal-nitrogen-carbon(M-N-C)type catalyst by simply calcinating metal acetate and urea with commercial carbon black,which have potential application in CO_(2)RR.The synthesized Ni-NC-600 catalyst has the structure of single Ni atom coordinated with one N atom and three C atoms(Ni-N_(1)C_(3)),which is suggested by X-ray absorption spectroscopy.The Ni-NC-600 catalyst exhibits high CO_(2)RR catalytic performance and a high CO Faraday efficiency above 98%in a wide potential range from-0.7 to-1.3 V(vs.reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE)),superior to most of the reported Ni-N-C catalysts.This work has developed a facile strategy to synthesize high performance CO_(2)RR catalyst.

Evaluation of embedded modular branched stent graft in treating aortic arch aneurysm using imaging-based computational flow analysis

Embedded modular branched stent graft(EMBSG)was a new option for aortic arch aneurysm.However,the therapeutic effect of this innovative stenting technique has not been fully assessed.Computational fluid dynamics and three-dimensional structural analyses were performed on three patients(Patient Ⅰ,Patient Ⅱ and Patient Ⅲ)with aortic arch aneurysm,both before and after EMBSG implantation.Patient-specific alterations from preoperative to postoperative were analyzed via morphological and functional metrics.Patient Ⅰ and Patient Ⅱ showed notable curvature changes and area reduction after intervention procedure.Three patients showed an increase in flow velocity after EMBSG implantation,while the pressure drop from ascending aorta to the aortic arch was remarkable in Patient I and Patient Ⅱ with the value of 7.09mmHg,and 10.95mmHg,respectively.Patient I and Patient Ⅱ also showed elevated time-averaged wall shear stress(TAWSS)in the stenting region,while Patient Ⅲ showed a trivial change in TAWSS after intervention procedure.Three patients showed low relative residence time after EMBSG insertion.The short-term results of EMBSG in treating aortic arch aneurysm were promising.Hemodynamic parameters have the potential to assist in the outcome evaluation and might be used to guide the stent graft design and wise selection,thereby improving the long-term therapeutic effect in managing complex vascular disease.