Heavy alcohol drinking is a major public health problem,causing a large disease,social and economic burden in societies.Subjective response (SR) to alcohol is an intermediate characteristic of heavy drinking.A variety...Heavy alcohol drinking is a major public health problem,causing a large disease,social and economic burden in societies.Subjective response (SR) to alcohol is an intermediate characteristic of heavy drinking.A variety of candidate genes have been reported to be associated with SR to alcohol.In this study,we investigated nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to SR to alcohol in healthy individuals from five Chinese ethnic groups,the Han,Hui,Tibetan,Mongolian and Uygur populations,and a total of 584 bloodstain samples were collected.The nine SNPs included four SNPs in alcohol-metabolizing genes (ADH1B,ADH1C,ALDH2 and CYP2E1*5B) and five SNPs in genes of neurobiological pathways (GABRA2,OPRM1,CHRNA3,HYKK and SLC6A4).A SNaPshot analysis method was developed to type these SNPs simultaneously,and all samples were typed successfully.Statistical analyses of the allele frequencies indicated that the frequencies of all SNPs,except for ADH1C,showed varying degrees of difference in the five studied ethnic groups.Tibetans showed the highest frequencies of risk alleles for heavy drinking at most loci.The genetic polymorphic differences found in this study revealed the variation in genetic susceptibility to heavy drinking in the studied populations.展开更多
Drug abuse has become a global problem.The mass spectrometry‑based metabolic consequences of ketamine administration in anesthesia and therapy have been well studied,but to the best of our knowledge,metabolomic studie...Drug abuse has become a global problem.The mass spectrometry‑based metabolic consequences of ketamine administration in anesthesia and therapy have been well studied,but to the best of our knowledge,metabolomic studies of ketamine abuse based on nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy are still lacking.In this study,twenty Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly assigned into two groups:a control group(n=10)and a ketamine group(n=10).The animals in the ketamine group received intraperitoneal injections of ketamine twice daily at 12‑h intervals at progressively increasing doses over a period of 9 days,while the control group received an equal volume of saline.The urine samples were collected for 24 h at days 0,1,3,5,7,and 9 for the metabolomics study.The metabolic changes in urine after short‑term ketamine administration were analyzed by proton NMR coupled with multivariate statistical analysis.The results indicated that short‑term ketamine exposure led to significant alterations of the metabolites in the urine of the rats.Specifically,1,3,7‑trimethyluric acid,1,3‑dimethyluric acid,acetoacetic acid,acetylglycine,creatine,sarcosine,dimethylglycine,glycine,and theobromine were significantly increased in the urine.Significant changes were also found in metabolites related to antioxidant and energy metabolism,including acetoacetic acid,succinate,1,3,7‑trimethyluric acid,1,3‑dimethyluric acid,creatine,and taurine.Our findings indicated that short‑term ketamine administration leads to disorder of energy metabolism and oxidative stress.In addition,the modified metabolites identified could serve as the new biological markers and potential biological indices reflecting the underlying mechanism of ketamine abuse.展开更多
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method was developed for the qualitative and quantitative analyses of chlorpyrifos in human blood samples.The chlorpyrifos and parathion(internal standard)in human blood were extra...Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method was developed for the qualitative and quantitative analyses of chlorpyrifos in human blood samples.The chlorpyrifos and parathion(internal standard)in human blood were extracted with a mixed solvent of hexane and acetonitrile.Chlorpyrifos was well separated from the internal standard.The linear range of chlorpyrifos was 0.01-2 μg/ml in blood.The limit of detection and limit of quantification were estimated at 0.002 and 0.01μg/ml,respectively.The inter-and intra-day precisions,accuracy,and recovery were assessed to verify this method.The results showed that the developed method is rapid,sensitive,and reliable.It is suitable for the determination of chlorpyrifos in forensic toxicological analysis and clinical diagnosis.展开更多
基金Ethical approval was given by the medical ethics committee of Sichuan University with the following reference number:2012-001-1.
文摘Heavy alcohol drinking is a major public health problem,causing a large disease,social and economic burden in societies.Subjective response (SR) to alcohol is an intermediate characteristic of heavy drinking.A variety of candidate genes have been reported to be associated with SR to alcohol.In this study,we investigated nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to SR to alcohol in healthy individuals from five Chinese ethnic groups,the Han,Hui,Tibetan,Mongolian and Uygur populations,and a total of 584 bloodstain samples were collected.The nine SNPs included four SNPs in alcohol-metabolizing genes (ADH1B,ADH1C,ALDH2 and CYP2E1*5B) and five SNPs in genes of neurobiological pathways (GABRA2,OPRM1,CHRNA3,HYKK and SLC6A4).A SNaPshot analysis method was developed to type these SNPs simultaneously,and all samples were typed successfully.Statistical analyses of the allele frequencies indicated that the frequencies of all SNPs,except for ADH1C,showed varying degrees of difference in the five studied ethnic groups.Tibetans showed the highest frequencies of risk alleles for heavy drinking at most loci.The genetic polymorphic differences found in this study revealed the variation in genetic susceptibility to heavy drinking in the studied populations.
基金The Project of the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(81373239,30973369).
文摘Drug abuse has become a global problem.The mass spectrometry‑based metabolic consequences of ketamine administration in anesthesia and therapy have been well studied,but to the best of our knowledge,metabolomic studies of ketamine abuse based on nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy are still lacking.In this study,twenty Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly assigned into two groups:a control group(n=10)and a ketamine group(n=10).The animals in the ketamine group received intraperitoneal injections of ketamine twice daily at 12‑h intervals at progressively increasing doses over a period of 9 days,while the control group received an equal volume of saline.The urine samples were collected for 24 h at days 0,1,3,5,7,and 9 for the metabolomics study.The metabolic changes in urine after short‑term ketamine administration were analyzed by proton NMR coupled with multivariate statistical analysis.The results indicated that short‑term ketamine exposure led to significant alterations of the metabolites in the urine of the rats.Specifically,1,3,7‑trimethyluric acid,1,3‑dimethyluric acid,acetoacetic acid,acetylglycine,creatine,sarcosine,dimethylglycine,glycine,and theobromine were significantly increased in the urine.Significant changes were also found in metabolites related to antioxidant and energy metabolism,including acetoacetic acid,succinate,1,3,7‑trimethyluric acid,1,3‑dimethyluric acid,creatine,and taurine.Our findings indicated that short‑term ketamine administration leads to disorder of energy metabolism and oxidative stress.In addition,the modified metabolites identified could serve as the new biological markers and potential biological indices reflecting the underlying mechanism of ketamine abuse.
基金This study was financially supported by the Project of the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(81373239).
文摘Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method was developed for the qualitative and quantitative analyses of chlorpyrifos in human blood samples.The chlorpyrifos and parathion(internal standard)in human blood were extracted with a mixed solvent of hexane and acetonitrile.Chlorpyrifos was well separated from the internal standard.The linear range of chlorpyrifos was 0.01-2 μg/ml in blood.The limit of detection and limit of quantification were estimated at 0.002 and 0.01μg/ml,respectively.The inter-and intra-day precisions,accuracy,and recovery were assessed to verify this method.The results showed that the developed method is rapid,sensitive,and reliable.It is suitable for the determination of chlorpyrifos in forensic toxicological analysis and clinical diagnosis.
