小肝综合征的研究进展

自1993年11月Hashikura等[1]报道首例成功的活体肝移植(living donor liver transplantation,LDLT)以来,该手术已成为急性和慢性肝衰竭、终末期肝病、代谢性肝脏疾病和肝癌患者的治疗选择之一。在过去20年中,活体肝移植在全球范围内有所增加[2],移植物会在肝移植后1年内再生到受体初始标准肝体积(standard liver volume,SLV)的大小,以完全满足其代谢需求[3],但是大约20%的受体在此过程中会出现小肝综合征(small-for-size syndrome,SFSS),这是LDLT一种常见的并发症[4],而SFSS的发生是由多个因素决定的。本文就小肝综合征的研究进展进行了相关综述。

1株悬浮培养的Vero细胞驯化及其生物学特性研究

目的 将贴壁培养的Vero细胞驯化成悬浮培养细胞,并对其生物学特性进行研究。方法 采用无血清培养和“摇床适应法”对细胞进行培养优化,对其进行成瘤性、短串联重复序列(short tandem repeat,STR)分析、透射电子显微镜形态,以及对流感病毒敏感性检测。结果 成功建立悬浮细胞系Vero-S,Vero-S细胞生长期在24~72 h,平台期在108~144h之间,衰退期在144h以后,细胞PDT为36 h,细胞密度在14.01~14.88×10^(8)个/L之间,细胞平均圆度在0.73~0.75之间,细胞直径在12.12~14.44μm之间。Vero-S细胞在裸鼠皮下形成肿瘤,而悬浮培养前的Vero细胞不具有成瘤性;STR显示为猴源细胞系;电镜下细胞结构完整;Vero-S细胞对流感病毒感染不敏感。结论 悬浮细胞系Vero-S细胞的生长经历与贴壁细胞类似的生长期、平台期、衰退期,且细胞大小均一,建立的悬浮培养基能够支持Vero-S细胞高密度生长。STR结果表明悬浮Vero细胞具有完全的遗传稳定性,透射电镜下与贴壁Vero细胞无明显区别。为细胞悬浮驯化培养技术提供参考价值,并可用于细胞致肿瘤的机理研究。

覆盖材料对云贵高原柑橘园土壤理化性质和细菌群落特征以及柑橘品质的影响

采用田间试验,研究了玉米秸秆覆盖(JF)、白色地膜覆盖(BF)、黑色地膜覆盖(HM)和园艺地布覆盖(YD),以及清耕作为对照(CK)对云贵高原柑橘园土壤理化性质、细菌群落特征及柑橘品质的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,不同覆盖处理下柑橘产量、单果重、果汁率、可食率、维生素C含量和可溶性固形物等指标均提高,可滴定酸含量则有所降低,进而提高了固酸比,其中以JF处理效果最显著。BF、HM和YD处理降低了土壤pH值,JF处理则相反,不同覆盖处理均能提高土壤温度、含水量、有机质和养分含量,JF处理对土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、有效磷和速效钾含量的提升作用最明显,BF处理下土壤温度最高。JF、HM和YD处理均能显著提高Chao1指数和Observed species指数,而BF处理则相反。在门水平上,覆盖提高了有益菌放线菌门的相对丰度,降低了致病菌拟杆菌门的相对丰度;在属水平上,覆盖提高了有益菌热酸菌属、朱氏杆菌属、Babeliales、红杆菌属和脱氯单胞菌属的相对丰度,降低了致病菌Saccharimonadales、成对杆菌属、金黄色杆菌属、芽孢八叠球菌属和丛毛单胞菌属的相对丰度。此外,覆盖还使土壤细菌共生网络变得简单而稳定。冗余分析结果表明,土壤全氮和细菌群落红杆菌属是提升柑橘产量和品质的关键因子,其解释率分别为45.67%和39.40%。方差分解分析结果表明,土壤理化性质和细菌群落的共同作用对柑橘产量和品质提升的贡献最大,其解释率为45.0%。综上所述,覆盖能有效改善土壤理化性质,提升土壤养分供应水平,优化细菌群落结构,提高柑橘产量和品质,其中,玉米秸秆覆盖可优先作为云贵高原柑橘园土壤的地表覆盖措施。

天然生物质材料的制备、性质与应用(Ⅶ)——支链异构阴离子多糖胶:黄芪胶

黄芪胶是从天然草本植物黄芪中提取的一种多糖类物质,因具有化学稳定性、非致畸性、非免疫原性、生物可降解性、生物相容性和天然无毒等特性,且利用其分子结构中的羟基、羧基、糖苷键等活性官能基团进行分子修饰、化学交联、接枝共聚等改性处理能明显改善其理化性质、增强其功能效用,使得黄芪胶及其改性产物在医药领域、食品加工、水处理、医用材料、日用化学品领域得到广泛应用。本文浅述了黄芪胶的来源、组成和结构,主要理化性质和功能作用,以及提取纯化技术和应用进展情况,并提及了黄芪胶及其改产物当前研究开发所面临的问题和发展趋势。

天然生物质材料的制备、性质与应用(Ⅸ)——易溶稳定的多功能天然多糖胶:葫芦巴胶

葫芦巴胶是从豆科植物葫芦巴胚乳中提取出的一种水溶性天然多糖胶。因葫芦巴胶具有良好的水溶性、持水性、增稠性、热稳定性和乳化力、成膜性等理化性能,以及降血糖、降血脂、抗氧化等药理作用,并可以通过物理、化学、共混和酶法等多种改性技术进一步改善其理化性质、提升其功效作用,使得葫芦巴胶在日用化工、食品加工、医药、采油等行业领域越来越受到重视。本文浅述了葫芦巴胶的来源、分子结构及其典型理化性质,并总结了葫芦巴胶的主要提取、纯化方法及常用改性技术,同时概述了葫芦巴胶及其改性产物的应用情况,并提及了当前葫芦巴胶开发所面临的主要问题及今后的研发方向和发展前景。

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists:Exploring the mechanisms from glycemic control to treatment of multisystemic diseases

This editorial takes a deeper look at the insights provided by Soresi and Giannitrapani,which examined the therapeutic potential of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1RAs)for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease.We provide supplementary insights to their research,highlighting the broader systemic implications of GLP-1RAs,synthesizing the current understanding of their mechanisms and the trajectory of research in this field.GLP-1RAs are revolutionizing the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and beyond.Beyond glycemic control,GLP-1RAs demonstrate cardiovascular and renal protective effects,offering potential in managing diabetic kidney disease alongside renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors.Their role in bone metabolism hints at benefits for diabetic osteoporosis,while the neuroprotective properties of GLP-1RAs show promise in Alzheimer's disease treatment by modulating neuronal insulin signaling.Additionally,they improve hormonal and metabolic profiles in polycystic ovary syndrome.This editorial highlights the multifaceted mechanisms of GLP-1RAs,emphasizing the need for ongoing research to fully realize their therapeutic potential across a range of multisystemic diseases.

Segregation of Mg-6Gd alloy under natural convection:From macro solute distribution to micro dendrite growth

Segregation is a serious defect in alloy ingots which severely deteriorates materials performance.The segregation defect in Mg-6Gd alloy is studied by coupling macro thermal-solutal-convection transport and micro dendrite growth.The macroscopic fluid dynamics and mass transfer equations are resolved to forecast the segregation behavior under conditions of continuous temperature variation during the solidification process.The numerical model is validated by testing double-diffusive natural convection in a closed square cavity.A phase field model is then applied to simulate the micro dendrite growth,using macro undercooling and liquid flow velocity as boundary conditions.Results show that the multiscale segregation behavior,including macro solute distribution and micro dendritic morphology,is strongly dependent on the temperature condition and the liquid convection,which provides guidance for reducing and eliminating the segregation defect.

Tumor-related factor complement Clq/TNF-related protein 6 affects the development of digestive system tumors through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway

In this editorial,we review the work of Razali et al published in World J Gas-troenterology,with a particular focus on the effect of rs10889677 variation in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)pathway and buparlisib on colitis-associated cancer.The role of PI3K in promoting cancer progression has been widely recognized,as it is involved in regulating the survival,differentiation,and prolif-eration of cancer cells.The complement Clq/TNF-related protein 6(CTRP6)is a newer tumor-associated factor.Recent studies have revealed the pro-tumor effect of CTRP6 in gastric cancer,hepatocellular carcinoma,colorectal cancer,and other gastrointestinal tumors through the PI3K pathway.This article attempts to reveal the mechanism through which the CTRP6 affects the development of digestive system tumors through the PI3K pathway by summarizing recent research.

Advances in the research of intestinal fungi in Crohn's disease

This article reviews of the original research published by Wu et al in the World Journal of Gastroenterology,delving into the pivotal role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease(CD).Insights were gained from fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)in mouse models,revealing the intricate interplay between the gut microbiota,mesenteric adipose tissue(MAT),and creeping fat.The study uncovered the characteristics of inflammation and fibrosis in the MAT and intestinal tissues of patients with CD;moreover,through the FMT mouse model,it observed the impact of samples from healthy patients and those with CD on symptoms.The pathogenesis of CD is complex,and its etiology remains unclear;however,it is widely believed that gut microbiota dysbiosis plays a significant role.Recently,with the development and application of next-generation sequen-cing technology,research on the role of fungi in the pathogenesis and chronicity of CD has deepened.This editorial serves as a supplement to the research by Wu et al who discussed advances related to the study of fungi in CD.

Magnesium fertilizer application increases peanut growth and pod yield under reduced nitrogen application in southern China

This study investigated the effect of magnesium application on peanut growth and yield under two nitrogen(N)application rates in acidic soil in southern China.The chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate and dry matter accumulation of the N-sensitive cultivar decreased under reduced N treatments,whereas no effect was observed on the relevant indicators in the N-insensitive variety GH1026.Mg application increased the net photosynthetic rate by increasing the expression of genes involved in chlorophyll synthesis and Rubisco activity in the leaves during the pegging stage under 50%N treatment,while no effect on the net photosynthetic rate was observed under the 100%N treatment.The rate of dry matter accumulation at the early growth stage,total dry matter accumulation and pod yield at harvest increased after Mg application under 50%N treatment by increasing the transportation of assimilates from stems and leaves to pods in both peanut varieties,whereas no effect was found under 100%N treatment.Moreover,Mg application increased the NUE under 50%N treatment.No improvement of NUE in either peanut variety was found under 100%N treatment,while Mg application under the 50%N treatment can obtain a higher economic benefit than the 100%N treatment.In acidic soil,application of 307.5 kg ha^(-1)of Mg sulfate fertilizer under 50%reduced nitrogen application is a suitable fertilizer management measure for improving carbon assimilation,NUE and achieve high peanut yields in southern China.

连作年限对喀斯特山地设施辣椒根际土壤养分、酶活性及真菌群落结构的影响

辣椒连作所引发的植株发育不良、产量下降、根腐病频发等问题,严重影响辣椒产业可持续发展,造成重大的经济损失,但其具体影响机制尚不清楚。采用野外田间调查、室内化验分析相结合的方法,对贵州铜仁设施大棚辣椒连作1、3、5年的土壤pH值、有机质含量、养分含量、生态化学计量特征、酶活性、真菌群落结构及其相关性进行研究。结果表明,随着设施辣椒连作年限的延长,土壤pH值和有机质含量降低,土壤全磷、有效磷含量增加,碱解氮、速效钾含量则呈现先下降后上升的趋势,而土壤全氮、全钾含量变化则不明显。长期连作会影响土壤养分间的平衡供应,连作5年时土壤C/N、C/P、N/P较未定植过辣椒的土样(CK)分别降低11.35%、26.69%、17.44%。除连作1、3年的土壤脲酶活性与CK相比略有升高外,过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶活性均随着设施辣椒连作年限的增加而不断降低。长期连作也会影响土壤真菌群落结构,连作3年土壤子囊菌门的相对丰度分别较连作1、5年高26.04%、8.31%;连作1年土壤被孢霉门的相对丰度分别较连作3、5年高12.98%、14.93%;连作1年土壤担子菌门的相对丰度较连作3年高2.11%。冗余分析结果表明,土壤有机质含量和蔗糖酶活性是影响设施辣椒连作土壤真菌群落结构的主要环境因子。相关性网络分析表明,土壤pH值、有机质含量、全磷含量、N/P、C/N、C/P、碱解氮含量、过氧化氢酶活性、酸性磷酸酶活性和蔗糖酶活性是影响连作土壤子囊菌门、担子菌门、捕虫霉亚门、被孢霉门、球囊菌门、壶菌门、毛霉门和油壶菌门等真菌群落结构的主要环境因子。综上所述,设辣椒连作障碍产生的原因可能是连作改变了土壤的理化性质,降低了土壤酶活性,影响了土壤真菌群落结构,进而破坏了土壤微生态平衡。

Jet Characteristics and Optimization of a Cavitation Nozzle for Hydraulic Fracturing Applications

Hydraulic jetting is a form of fracturing that involves using a high-pressure jet of water to create fractures in the reservoir rock with a nozzle serving as the central component of the hydraulic sandblasting perforation tool.In this study,the flow behavior of the nozzle is simulated numerically in the framework of a SST k-ωturbulence model.The results show that the nozzle structure can significantly influence the jet performance and related cavitation effect.Through orthogonal experiments,the nozzle geometric parameters are optimized,and the following configuration is found accordingly:contraction angle 20°,contraction segment length 6 mm,cylindrical segment diameter 6 mm,cylindrical segment length 12 mm,spread segment length 10 mm,and spread angle 55°.

An introductory review on the common brown leafhopper(Orosius orientalis):A new soybean pest

Soybean pests are one of the major factors limiting yield improvement.With the expansion of area and changes in cropping patterns,a number of new pests have been identified in the main soybean production areas of China.The common brown leafhopper,Orosius orientalis,is a new pest associated with soybean stay-green virus that has been discovered on cultivated soybean crop in the Yellow-Huai-hai region of China in recent years.The polyphagous insect has a wide feeding range and infests a variety of important grain and cash crops.This paper presents the basic information,geographical distribution,hosts,damage characteristics,plant virus transmission,occurrence patterns,and prevention and control measures O.orientalis.This review also provides insights into integrated prevention and control of the genus Orosius as an insect vector.

Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of endocrine therapyrelated osteoporosis among patients with breast cancer:A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective:To assess the efficacy and safety of combining traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),specifically Chinese herbal medicine(CHM),with Western medicine(WM),compared to WM alone to treat breast cancer endocrine therapy-related osteoporosis(BCET-OP)by meta-analysis.Methods:Thirty-eight randomized controlled trials involving 2170 participants were analyzed.Eight databases were searched for articles published between inception and December 2023.Quality assessment was performed using the Risk of Bias 2 tool.Results:Significant increases were observed in the TCM-WM group in lumbar vertebrae bone mineral density(BMD)(P<.001,mean difference(MD)=0.07,95%confidence interval(CI):0.06 to 0.08),lumbar vertebrae T-score(P=.0005,MD=0.21,95%CI:0.09 to 0.33)and collum femoris BMD(P=.01,MD=0.10,95%CI:0.02 to 0.19).No significant difference was observed between the groups in the collum femoris T-score and estradiol levels.Bone gla-protein levels were significantly increased in the TCM-WM group(P=.0002,MD=0.52,95%CI:0.25 to 0.79).Beta-CrossLaps decreased significantly in the TCM-WM group(P=.0008,MD=−0.10,95%CI:−0.16 to−0.04).No significant difference was observed between the TCM-WM and WM groups in alkaline phosphatase,in procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide,and in the Kupperman index.The visual analog score(VAS)was decreased in the TCM-WM group compared to the WM group(P<.001,MD=−1.40,95%CI:−1.94 to−0.87).No significant difference in adverse events was observed between the two groups.Conclusion:Combining CHM with WM in patients with BCET-OP significantly improved BMD,T-score,and certain bone turnover markers and reduced the VAS score,indicating potential benefits for bone health and related pain.Adverse event analysis revealed no differences between the groups,supporting the feasibility of the combination therapy.However,further research,particularly in diverse populations,is required.

From biomarker discovery to combined therapies:Advancing hepatocellular carcinoma treatment strategies

This editorial reviews advances in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)treatment,focusing on a triple therapy approach and biomarker discovery.Zhang et al discuss the synergistic potential of transarterial chemoembolization combined with tyrosine kinase inhibitors and PD-1 inhibitors.Meanwhile,Li et al identify protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor II(PTPN2)as a biomarker for poor prognosis and immune evasion in HCC.The studies highlight the importance of combined therapies and biomarkers in improving HCC treatment efficacy and patient outcomes,with PTPN2 emerging as a potential therapeutic target.This article supplements the aforementioned studies with more recent research advancements,focusing on the molecular mechanisms and clinical applications of biomarkers.

Treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and prevention of nonalcoholic Wernicke’s disease:A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND Wernicke encephalopathy is a neurological disorder caused by thiamine deficiency,commonly seen in alcoholic populations but also involving other circumstances that may lead to thiamine deficiency.The recognition of Wernicke encephalopathy often depends on clinicians’keen ability to detect its typical triad of features;however,most cases do not present with the full constellation of signs,which complicates the timely identification of Wernicke encephalopathy.CASE SUMMARY This case report describes a patient with nasopharyngeal carcinoma who developed abnormal ocular function and ataxia following concurrent chemoradiotherapy,without a history of alcohol abuse.With the aid of radiological examinations,he received a timely diagnosis and treatment;however,his symptoms did not fully resolve during follow-up.CONCLUSION For patients with malignant tumors exhibiting neurological symptoms,clinicians should consider the possibility of Wernicke encephalopathy and provide prophylactic thiamine therapy.

Improvement of High-efficiency Green Catalysts for Flue Gas Denitrification

Based on the basic principle and mechanism of flue gas denitrification,the commonly used catalysts for flue gas denitrification were introduced firstly,and then the catalytic performance,stability and reaction mechanism of catalysts in the market were analyzed.Different types of catalysts were studied to look for green catalysts with high activity,sulfur resistance,water vapor resistance and other advantages.The mechanism of denitration reaction of green catalysts was discussed,and the laws of formation,propagation and consumption of active species in the reaction process were revealed to provide theoretical basis for optimizing catalyst design and improving reaction conditions.Then the research status and problems of new catalysts for flue gas denitrification were described.Finally,the future development direction of green catalysts for flue gas denitration was discussed to improve the performance and stability of catalysts and meet the performance requirements of denitration catalysts in different industries.

硅烷化处理工艺参数对建筑用6061铝合金耐蚀性的影响

采用硅烷处理工艺在建筑用6061铝合金型材表面制备了硅烷涂层,并进行了工艺优化研究。采用电化学测试,对比分析了硅烷处理前后6061铝合金在0.025 mol/L硼酸钠+0.05 mol/L氢氧化钠混合溶液中的耐蚀性。结果表明:优化后的6061铝合金硅烷化处理工艺为硅烷化时间180 s、硅烷溶液pH 11、固化温度90℃;最佳硅烷化处理工艺得到的硅烷涂层的厚度约为90 nm,涂层均匀致密,与铝合金基体结合良好;硅烷化处理后6061铝合金的耐腐蚀性能明显优于硅烷化处理前,试样的阻抗值明显增大,表面接触角减小、黏附功增大。

局部进展期直肠癌新辅助短程放化疗联合免疫治疗后区域淋巴结的转归

目的:探讨局部进展期直肠癌(locally advanced rectal cancer,LARC)新辅助短程放化疗联合免疫治疗后区域淋巴结的转归。方法:回顾性分析2021年1月至2022年12月厦门大学附属中山医院(32例)和华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院(8例)收治的40例LARC患者的临床资料,以接受新辅助短程放化疗联合卡瑞利珠单抗治疗后行腹腔镜手术的20例患者为试验组,以直接行腹腔镜手术治疗的20例患者为对照组。比较两组患者术后淋巴结检出情况,以及比较试验组原发肿瘤和区域淋巴结的病理完全缓解率等。结果:与对照组相比,试验组N降期患者例数显著增多(18例vs.7例,P<0.001),淋巴结转移阳性率显著降低(1.4%vs.9.1%,P<0.001),阳性淋巴结患者例数显著减少(4例vs.16例,P<0.001)。试验组淋巴结检出数略低于对照组[(18.3±8.7)枚vs.(20.4±6.5)枚,P=0.392]。此外,试验组中区域淋巴结的病理缓解率显著高于原发肿瘤(80%vs.30%,P=0.001)。结论:LARC患者经新辅助短程放化疗联合免疫治疗后阳性淋巴结的病理缓解效果显著,并推测直肠肿瘤区域淋巴结的病理缓解具有“空间效应”。

不同生境黄精根茎品质特性及根际土壤环境驱动因子

为筛选影响黄精品质的主导土壤环境驱动因子,以贵州省铜仁市梵净山周边15个样地(S1—S15)不同基源黄精根茎及其根际土壤为材料,测定了黄精根茎品质指标和根际土壤pH值、养分含量和酶活性,分析了根茎品质指标与土壤环境因子的相关性,并采用主成分分析筛选了影响黄精根茎品质的土壤环境驱动因子。结果表明,不同生境条件及基源黄精根茎折干率、浸出物含量、多糖含量及总灰分具有一定差异。其中,多花黄精折干率最大,黄精的浸出物含量最高,滇黄精的多糖含量最高、总灰分最低;4年生黄精的平均折干率、多糖含量均高于5年生,但浸出物含量低于5年生。各样地根际土壤pH值适中,除S6、S12、S15的有机质、碱解氮含量和S3、S9的速效钾含量属于较缺(4级)水平外,其他样地根际土壤养分充足,土壤酶活性高,适合黄精生长发育。相关性分析结果表明,根际土壤酶活性与养分含量密切相关,黄精品质的形成受土壤pH值、养分含量、酶活性等土壤环境因子的直接或间接影响。主成分分析结果表明,影响黄精根茎品质的主要土壤环境因子是蔗糖酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性、pH值、有机质含量、全氮含量、碱解氮含量、酸性磷酸酶活性、速效磷含量,样地土壤综合得分较高的是S1、S4、S7、S14。