目的:使用网状Meta分析比较不同导尿方式在神经源性膀胱病人中的应用效果。方法:系统检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、EMbase、Web of Science、中国生物医学文献数据库、万方数据库、中国知网、维普资讯网等中英文数据库以及北美临床试...目的:使用网状Meta分析比较不同导尿方式在神经源性膀胱病人中的应用效果。方法:系统检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、EMbase、Web of Science、中国生物医学文献数据库、万方数据库、中国知网、维普资讯网等中英文数据库以及北美临床试验注册中心、世界卫生组织国际临床试验注册平台、中国临床试验注册中心等临床试验注册平台中有关不同导尿方式在神经源性膀胱病人中应用效果的随机对照试验,检索时限为从建库到2021年9月30日。由2名研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料并评估偏倚风险后,采用Stata 15和RStudio软件进行网状Meta分析。结果:共纳入29项随机对照试验,网状Meta分析结果显示,与留置导尿相比,无菌间歇导尿[OR=0.13,95%CI(0.08,0.21)]、清洁间歇导尿[OR=0.17,95%CI(0.12,0.24)]、无接触式间歇导尿[OR=0.13,95%CI(0.05,0.36)]均能降低尿路感染发生率;清洁间歇导尿能够有效降低尿路结石发生率[OR=0.11,95%CI(0.03,0.39)];无菌间歇导尿[MD=-105.16,95%CI(-130.60,-79.72)]、清洁间歇导尿[MD=-77.61,95%CI(-98.83,-56.39)]均能减少残余尿量;无菌间歇导尿[MD=70.65,95%CI(5.04,136.27)]、清洁间歇导尿[MD=81.58,95%CI(29.33,133.82)]均能改善病人膀胱容量;无菌间歇导尿[MD=12.00,95%CI(6.81,17.20)]、清洁间歇导尿[MD=11.14,95%CI(7.94,14.34)]均能促进病人膀胱压力恢复。结论:当前证据表明,无菌间歇导尿与清洁间歇导尿在减少并发症发生、促进膀胱功能恢复方面效果较佳。但受文献质量和数量影响,还需要更多高质量、大样本研究予以验证。展开更多
China is now facing huge pressure from both the domestic concern of energy security and the global community's call for emission reduction commitment.As one of the major energy consumers and greenhouse gas emitter...China is now facing huge pressure from both the domestic concern of energy security and the global community's call for emission reduction commitment.As one of the major energy consumers and greenhouse gas emitters,China's iron and steel industry has a huge clean development mechanism(CDM) potential.This article both quantitatively and qualitatively analyzes the current status of CDM project activities in the iron and steel industry in China,including characteristics of approved project types,applicable methodologies,and potential technology fields.From the perspective of project implementation,the article summarizes development barriers such as high investment risk,difficulty in project identification,strict requirements on PPDs,long registration waiting time,and etc.Policy suggestions are also put forwarded to help better promote the development of CDM projects in the iron and steel industry.展开更多
How many NGOs were there in the climate change field in the United States？ Who were they？ And what was the relationship between them？ In the United States,climate change was only a branch of environmental issues at...How many NGOs were there in the climate change field in the United States？ Who were they？ And what was the relationship between them？ In the United States,climate change was only a branch of environmental issues at the beginning; therefore there were no specific quantitative statistics and network analysis of NGOs in climate change. Diversity was an important feature of NGOs in American climate change fields,and it showed a complex organizational ecology through varieties of networks and interaction among organizations. In order to make a difference in climate field,Chinese NGOs firstly needed to improve and enhance their own abilities.展开更多
文摘目的:使用网状Meta分析比较不同导尿方式在神经源性膀胱病人中的应用效果。方法:系统检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、EMbase、Web of Science、中国生物医学文献数据库、万方数据库、中国知网、维普资讯网等中英文数据库以及北美临床试验注册中心、世界卫生组织国际临床试验注册平台、中国临床试验注册中心等临床试验注册平台中有关不同导尿方式在神经源性膀胱病人中应用效果的随机对照试验,检索时限为从建库到2021年9月30日。由2名研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料并评估偏倚风险后,采用Stata 15和RStudio软件进行网状Meta分析。结果:共纳入29项随机对照试验,网状Meta分析结果显示,与留置导尿相比,无菌间歇导尿[OR=0.13,95%CI(0.08,0.21)]、清洁间歇导尿[OR=0.17,95%CI(0.12,0.24)]、无接触式间歇导尿[OR=0.13,95%CI(0.05,0.36)]均能降低尿路感染发生率;清洁间歇导尿能够有效降低尿路结石发生率[OR=0.11,95%CI(0.03,0.39)];无菌间歇导尿[MD=-105.16,95%CI(-130.60,-79.72)]、清洁间歇导尿[MD=-77.61,95%CI(-98.83,-56.39)]均能减少残余尿量;无菌间歇导尿[MD=70.65,95%CI(5.04,136.27)]、清洁间歇导尿[MD=81.58,95%CI(29.33,133.82)]均能改善病人膀胱容量;无菌间歇导尿[MD=12.00,95%CI(6.81,17.20)]、清洁间歇导尿[MD=11.14,95%CI(7.94,14.34)]均能促进病人膀胱压力恢复。结论:当前证据表明,无菌间歇导尿与清洁间歇导尿在减少并发症发生、促进膀胱功能恢复方面效果较佳。但受文献质量和数量影响,还需要更多高质量、大样本研究予以验证。
文摘China is now facing huge pressure from both the domestic concern of energy security and the global community's call for emission reduction commitment.As one of the major energy consumers and greenhouse gas emitters,China's iron and steel industry has a huge clean development mechanism(CDM) potential.This article both quantitatively and qualitatively analyzes the current status of CDM project activities in the iron and steel industry in China,including characteristics of approved project types,applicable methodologies,and potential technology fields.From the perspective of project implementation,the article summarizes development barriers such as high investment risk,difficulty in project identification,strict requirements on PPDs,long registration waiting time,and etc.Policy suggestions are also put forwarded to help better promote the development of CDM projects in the iron and steel industry.
基金Supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(SKZZX2013054)
文摘How many NGOs were there in the climate change field in the United States？ Who were they？ And what was the relationship between them？ In the United States,climate change was only a branch of environmental issues at the beginning; therefore there were no specific quantitative statistics and network analysis of NGOs in climate change. Diversity was an important feature of NGOs in American climate change fields,and it showed a complex organizational ecology through varieties of networks and interaction among organizations. In order to make a difference in climate field,Chinese NGOs firstly needed to improve and enhance their own abilities.
